Icyo Barbiturate ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Barbiturates ni imiti yandikirwa na muganga igabanya umuvuduko w'imikorere y'imitsi yo hagati, igafasha gutuza ubwonko igihe burenze urugero. Iyi miti ikora yongera imikorere y'imirasire karemano y'ubwonko yitwa GABA, ifasha kumva utuje kandi ugasinzira. Nubwo mbere yakoreshwaga cyane mu kuvura umunabi no kubura ibitotsi, abaganga ubu bayikoresha bitonze kubera ko ishobora gutera ubujiji n'ingaruka zikomeye.

Barbiturates ni iki?

Barbiturates ni ubwoko bw'imiti ituma umuntu asinzira igabanya imikorere y'imitsi yo hagati. Ni mu itsinda ry'imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'ubwonko n'imitsi, bigatuma umuntu yumva atuje, agasinzira, cyangwa agasinzira bitewe n'urugero rwo gufata.

Iyi miti iza mu buryo butandukanye kandi ifite imbaraga zitandukanye. Zimwe zikora vuba ariko ntizimara igihe kirekire, izindi zifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo zikore ariko ziguma mu mubiri amasaha cyangwa iminsi. Muganga wawe azahitamo ubwoko bukwiye ashingiye ku kibazo arimo kuvura n'uko umubiri wawe witwara ku muti.

Tekereza barbiturates nk'ipeda y'imbaraga y'ubwonko burenze urugero. Iyo imitsi yawe ikora cyane kubera ibibazo byo gufatwa, umunabi, cyangwa ibindi bibazo, iyi miti ifasha kugabanya umuvuduko kugira ngo bigende neza.

Barbiturates zikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Barbiturates zivura ibibazo byinshi bikomeye by'ubuzima aho kugabanya imikorere y'ubwonko ari ngombwa. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane uyu munsi ni ukugenzura ibibazo byo gufatwa, cyane cyane iyo indi miti itakoze neza.

Dore ibibazo by'ingenzi abaganga bavura bakoresheje barbiturates, buri kimwe gikeneye ubugenzuzi bw'ubuvuzi butonze:

• Indwara zo gufatwa: Cyane cyane indwara ya epilepsi ikaze cyangwa status epilepticus (gufatwa bifata igihe kirekire)
• Anesthesia: Mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo igufashe gusinzira no kuguma utazi ibikubaho
• Kutabona ibitotsi bikabije: Iyo imiti yindi yo gusinzira itagize icyo itanga
• Indwara zo guhangayika: Mu bihe byihariye aho izindi nshuti zitabasha gukora
• Gukurwaho kwa alukolo: Gukumira ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho bishobora guteza akaga
• Umushyitsi mu mutwe: Kugabanya umuvuduko imbere mu gihanga nyuma yo gukomereka mu bwonko

Muganga wawe azandika imiti ya barbiturates gusa iyo inyungu ziruta cyane ibyago. Iyi miti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ndwara zikomeye cyangwa iyo izindi nshuti zitatanze ubufasha buhagije.

Ni gute barbiturates ikora?

Barbiturates ikora yongera imikorere ya GABA, imiti karemano yo mu bwonko ifasha gutuza imikorere y'imitsi. Iyo urwego rwa GABA ruzamutse, uturemangingo two mu bwonko buba butagishobora gukora vuba, bigatuma habaho umutuzo mu mikorere y'imitsi yawe.

Iyi miti ifatwa nk'imiti ikomeye ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bwonko n'umubiri wawe. Bitandukanye n'imiti ituma umuntu asinzira yoroheje, barbiturates ishobora kugabanya cyane umuvuduko wo guhumeka n'umuvuduko w'umutima, ni yo mpamvu bisaba gukurikiranwa na muganga witonze.

Imbaraga n'igihe ingaruka zimara biterwa na barbiturate runaka urimo gufata. Izo zikora mu gihe gito nka pentobarbital zikora mu minota mike ariko zikamara amasaha make gusa, naho izikora igihe kirekire nka phenobarbital bishobora gufata isaha kugira ngo zikore ariko zikamara iminsi.

Nkwiriye gufata barbiturates nte?

Jya ufata barbiturates uko muganga wawe abikwandikiye, utahinduye urugero cyangwa igihe wenyine. Uburyo bwo gufata buterwa n'uburyo muganga wawe yakwandikiye n'indwara irimo kuvurwa.

Ku bijyanye na barbiturates zo kunywa, urashobora kuzifata hamwe cyangwa utazifatanije n'ibiryo, nubwo kuzifata hamwe n'akantu gato gashobora kugufasha kugabanya ibibazo byo mu gifu. Irinde inzoga rwose mugihe ufata iyi miti, kuko kuyivanga bishobora kuba byinshi cyane kandi bishobora kwica.

Niba urimo guhabwa barbiturates binyuze mu nshinge (inzira ya parenteral), ibi bizahora bibera ahantu havurirwa munsi y'ubuyobozi bw'umwuga. Kubijyanye na suppositories za rectal, oza intoki zawe neza mbere na nyuma yo kuzishyiramo, hanyuma uryame kuruhande rwawe kugirango winjizwe neza.

Ntuzigere uvunagura, umena, cyangwa urya ibinini birebire, kuko ibi bishobora kurekura imiti myinshi icyarimwe. Bika barbiturates zose ahantu hizewe kure y'abana n'abandi bashobora kuzifata byanze bikunze.

Nzamara Mfata Barbiturates Mugihe Kingana Gite?

Igihe cyo kuvura barbiturate gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'uburyo witwara ku miti. Muganga wawe azatangira n'igihe gito cyo kuvura kugirango agabanye ibyago.

Kugirango ugenzure ibyago, birashobora kukugora gufata barbiturates mumyaka cyangwa mumyaka munsi y'ubuyobozi bw'abaganga b'ubushishozi. Kubibazo byo gusinzira cyangwa guhangayika, kuvurwa mubisanzwe bigarukira muminsi mike kugirango birinde kwishingikiriza.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata barbiturates ako kanya, cyane cyane niba umaze kuzifata muminsi mike. Muganga wawe azagomba kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rwawe uko igihe kigenda, kugirango wirinde ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho bishobora guteza akaga nko gufatwa.

Ibyiciro bisanzwe byo gukurikirana ni ngombwa mugihe ufata barbiturates. Muganga wawe azagenzura uburyo imiti ikora neza kandi arebe ibindi bibazo cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwishingikiriza.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Bya Barbiturates?

Barbiturates irashobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye kuva kuboroheje kugeza kubikomeye, kandi ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera. Abantu benshi bahura no gusinzira mugihe batangira iyi miti, ariko ibi akenshi birakosoka uko umubiri wawe uhinduka.

Ingaruka zisanzwe abantu benshi bahura nazo zirimo:

• Gusinzira no gucika intege ku manywa
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva utameze neza
• Kuvurungana cyangwa kugorwa no kwibuka
• Isesemi cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Kuribwa umutwe
• Kumva urakaye cyangwa udahagaze neza

Ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga zirimo guhumeka gake, kuvurungana bikabije, cyangwa kugorwa no gukomeza kuba maso. Abantu bamwe bashobora kandi guhura n'imihindagurikire y'amarangamutima, harimo umubabaro cyangwa ibitekerezo bidasanzwe.

Ingaruka zitabaho ariko zishobora guteza akaga zirimo:

• Ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka cyangwa guhagarara guhumeka
• Uruhare rw'umubiri kubera allergie n'ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Kuvurungana bikabije cyangwa ibibazo byo kwibuka
• Gukomereka cyangwa kuva amaraso bidasanzwe
• Ibibazo by'umwijima (guhinduka umuhondo kw'uruhu cyangwa amaso)
• Ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura cyangwa imihindagurikire ikabije y'amarangamutima

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba uhuye n'ingaruka zikomeye. N'ingaruka zisanzwe zigomba gutangazwa niba zibayeho cyangwa ntizikemuka uko igihe kigenda.

Ninde utagomba gufata imiti ya barbiturates?

Abantu bamwe ntibagomba gufata imiti ya barbiturates kubera ibyago byiyongera by'ingorane zikomeye. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe mbere yo kwandika iyi miti.

Ntugomba gufata imiti ya barbiturates niba ufite allergie izwi ku muti uwo ari wo wose wa barbiturate cyangwa niba ufite indwara ikomeye y'umwijima. Abantu bafite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo guhumeka, nka asima ikomeye cyangwa apnea yo gusinzira, mubisanzwe ntibashobora gukoresha iyi miti neza.

Abantu bagomba gukoresha barbiturates bafite ubushishozi bukabije cyangwa bakazireka burundu barimo:

• Abafite amateka yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga
• Abantu bafite indwara zikomeye z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Abantu bafite uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bwo guhumeka
• Abafite amateka yo kwiheba cyangwa ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura
• Abagore batwite cyangwa bonka
• Abantu bakuze (bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugwa no kuvurungana)
• Abantu bafata indi miti imwe n'imwe ivanga mu buryo buteye akaga

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bibazo, muganga wawe azagomba gupima neza ibyago n'inyungu. Rimwe na rimwe barbiturates iracyakenewe nubwo hari izi mpungenge, ariko uzakenera gukurikiranwa byimazeyo ndetse n'imiti ihinduka.

Amazina ya Barbiturate

Imiti myinshi ya barbiturate iboneka munsi y'amazina atandukanye, nubwo benshi ubu baboneka cyane nka verisiyo rusange. Ubwoko bwihariye muganga wawe yandika buterwa n'uburwayi bwawe n'ibyo ukeneye kuvurwa.

Amazina asanzwe ya barbiturate arimo Nembutal (pentobarbital), Luminal (phenobarbital), na Seconal (secobarbital). Zimwe muri barbiturates ziboneka kandi mubicuruzwa bivanga n'indi miti kubera ibibazo byihariye.

Umunyamavuriro wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa niba urimo guhabwa izina ry'ubwoko cyangwa verisiyo rusange y'umuti wawe. Barbiturates rusange ikora neza kimwe na verisiyo y'izina ry'ubwoko kandi ikanyuzwamo ibizamini by'umutekano kimwe.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Barbiturate

Ubu hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gusimbuza barbiturates kubibazo byinshi muri iyi minsi. Muganga wawe mubisanzwe azagerageza izi nzira mbere yo gutekereza barbiturates kubera ibyago byabo bike byo kwishingikiriza no kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

Kubibazo byo gusinzira, imiti mishya nka zolpidem (Ambien) cyangwa eszopiclone (Lunesta) mubisanzwe ni amahitamo meza. Kubw'impungenge, benzodiazepines nka lorazepam (Ativan) cyangwa imiti mishya yo kurwanya depression birashobora kuba bikwiye.

Ubuvuzi busimbuza ibibazo bitandukanye burimo:

• Uburwayi bwo gufatwa: Imiti mishya irwanya uburwayi bwo gufatwa nka lamotrigine, levetiracetam, cyangwa topiramate
• Uburwayi bwo gusinzira: Imiti ifasha gusinzira itari iya benzodiazepine, melatonin, cyangwa uburyo bwo kwita ku isuku yo gusinzira
• Umutima uhagaze: SSRIs, SNRIs, cyangwa imiti yihariye irwanya umutima uhagaze
• Gukurwaho kwa alukolo: Benzodiazepines cyangwa indi miti yihariye yo gukurwaho

Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango abone uburyo bwiza kandi bwiza bwo kuvura ikibazo cyawe. Rimwe na rimwe barbiturates iracyari uburyo bwiza, ariko gushakisha izindi nzira mbere ni uburyo bukunda gukoreshwa.

Ese Barbiturates ziruta Benzodiazepines?

Barbiturates na benzodiazepines zombi zituma imitsi y'ubwonko ituza, ariko benzodiazepines zifatwa nkizisanzwe zifite umutekano kurubanda rwinshi. Nubwo zombi zishobora kugira akamaro, benzodiazepines ifite umutekano mwinshi kandi ntishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Barbiturates ni imiti ikomeye ishobora kugira akamaro kurwego rwo hejuru nkuburwayi bukomeye nk'uburwayi bwo gufatwa budashobora kugenzurwa. Ariko, iyi mbaraga yiyongereye kandi isobanura ko ifite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye no kurenza urugero.

Inyungu nyamukuru ya benzodiazepines kurusha barbiturates zirimo ibyago bike byo gupfa, gukururana bike nindi miti, kandi muri rusange ingaruka nke zikomeye. Ariko, kuburwayi bumwe na bumwe bwihariye nka status epilepticus, barbiturates irashobora kuba igikoresho cyiza.

Muganga wawe azahitamo hagati yiyi miti ashingiye ku burwayi bwawe bwihariye, amateka yawe yubuvuzi, nibintu byihariye byibibazo. Nta bwoko bwimiti bukwiye gufatwa hatabanje kugenzurwa na muganga.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kubijyanye na Barbiturates

Q1. Ese Barbiturates ni nziza kubantu barwaye indwara y'umutima?

Abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima rimwe na rimwe bashobora gufata imiti ya barbiturates, ariko bakeneye ubugenzuzi bwihariye bw'abaganga. Iyi miti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima no ku mitsi y'amaraso, bityo muganga wawe azagomba kugukurikiranira hafi.

Niba ufite ibibazo by'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora gutangira n'urugero ruto cyangwa agahitamo undi muti wa barbiturate utagira ingaruka nyinshi ku mikorere y'umubiri wawe. Kugenzura buri gihe no gukurikiranira hafi umutima bishobora kuba ngombwa mugihe ufata iyi miti.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashwe imiti ya barbiturate nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba ucyeka ko wafashe imiti ya barbiturate nyinshi, shakisha ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga ako kanya uhamagaye 911 cyangwa ujya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi kiri hafi yawe. Kwiyongera kwa barbiturate bishobora guteza akaga kandi bisaba kuvurwa ako kanya n'inzobere.

Ibimenyetso byo kwiyongera birimo gusinzira cyane, guhumeka nabi, urujijo, cyangwa kutagira ubwenge. Ntukategereza kureba niba ibimenyetso bikira byonyine, kuko kwiyongera kwa barbiturate bishobora guhinduka vuba cyane bitagize ubufasha bw'abaganga bukwiriye.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije gufata urugero rwa barbiturate?

Niba wirengagije urugero, rufate ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyo gufata urugero rukurikira kigeze. Ntukigere ufata urugero rurenze rumwe icyarimwe kugirango usimbuze urugero rwirengagijwe, kuko ibi bishobora guteza akaga.

Ku miti ivura ibibazo byo gufatwa, kurengagiza urugero rwayo bishobora kongera ibyago byo gufatwa. Vugana na muganga wawe niba ukunda kwibagirwa urugero, kuko ashobora kugufasha gukora gahunda nziza cyangwa guhindura gahunda yawe yo gufata imiti.

Q4. Nshobora kureka gufata imiti ya barbiturates ryari?

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata imiti ya barbiturates mu buryo butunganye utabiherewe uburenganzira na muganga wawe, cyane cyane niba umaze kuyifata mu byumweru birenga bike. Guhagarika mu buryo butunganye bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho bishobora guteza akaga, harimo no gufatwa.

Umuganga wawe azagushyiriraho gahunda yo kugabanya urugero rw'umuti buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iyi gahunda irashobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, bitewe n'igihe umaze ufata uyu muti n'urugero rwawo uriho.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa imiti ya Barbiturates?

Ntugomba kunywa inzoga na rimwe niba urimo gufata imiti ya barbiturates, kuko iyi mvange ishobora guteza akaga gakomeye ndetse ikaba yahitana ubuzima. Ibintu byombi bigabanya imikorere y'imitsi igize ubwonko, kandi iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe bishobora gutuma guhumeka n'umuvuduko w'umutima bigenda gahoro cyane ku buryo buteye akaga.

N'utuntu duto tw'inzoga dushobora guteza akaga iyo tuvanganye na barbiturates. Niba urimo guhura n'ibibazo byo kunywa inzoga, biganireho mu buryo bweruye n'umuganga wawe, kuko ashobora gukenera kugutoranyiriza undi muti cyangwa akagufasha mu kubireka.