Icyo Colesevelam ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'ibindi

Colesevelam ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ufasha kugabanya urugero rwa kolesteroli mu maraso yawe. Ni ubwoko bwa bile acid sequestrant ikora muguhuza na bile acids mu mara yawe, ibyo bigatuma umubiri wawe ukoresha kolesteroli kugirango ukore bile acids nyinshi, amaherezo bigabanya kolesteroli izunguruka mu maraso yawe.

Uyu muti akenshi wandikirwa iyo imirire n'imyitozo gusa bidahagije kugirango ucunge urugero rwa kolesteroli ruri hejuru. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba colesevelam nk'igice cy'inzira yuzuye yo kurengera ubuzima bw'umutima wawe no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi.

Colesevelam ni iki?

Colesevelam ni umuti wo mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa bile acid sequestrants. Tekereza nk'igishishwa cyihariye gikora imbere mu igogora ryawe kugirango gifashe gucunga urugero rwa kolesteroli mu buryo busanzwe.

Bitandukanye n'imiti imwe ya kolesteroli ikora mu mwijima wawe, colesevelam ikora rwose mu mara yawe. Ntabwo yinjira mu maraso yawe, ibyo bituma iba uburyo bworoshye kubantu benshi. Uyu muti uza mu buryo bw'ibinini kandi ufashwe mu kanwa, akenshi hamwe n'ibiryo.

Ubu buryo bwo gucunga kolesteroli bumaze imyaka myinshi bukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe. Colesevelam ihagarariye icyiciro gishya cya bile acid sequestrants gikunda kwihanganirwa neza kuruta imiti ishaje muri iki cyiciro.

Colesevelam ikoreshwa kubera iki?

Colesevelam ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugabanya LDL kolesteroli, akenshi yitwa kolesteroli "mbi". Muganga wawe ashobora kuyandika iyo urugero rwa kolesteroli yawe rukiri rwinshi nubwo ukurikiza imirire yita ku mutima n'imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Uyu muti ufasha cyane abantu bakeneye ubufasha bwongereweho bwo kugabanya kolesteroli urenze impinduka z'imibereho. Akenshi ikoreshwa hamwe n'indi miti ya kolesteroli nka statins kugirango itange gucunga kolesteroli byuzuye.

Mu bindi bihe, colesevelam ishobora no kwandikwa kugira ngo ifashe mu kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso mu bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Iyi nyungu ebyiri ituma ifite agaciro cyane cyane ku bantu bafite kolesteroli nyinshi na diyabete.

Colesevelam ikora ite?

Colesevelam ikora ihagarika uburyo umubiri wawe usanzwe ukoresha kolesteroli. Iyo urya, umwijima wawe ukora aside ya bile kugira ngo ifashe mu gushonga ibinure, kandi izi aside ya bile zisanzwe zongera gukururwa no kongera gukoreshwa.

Uyu muti wifatanya na aside ya bile mu mara yawe, ukabuza ko zongera gukururwa. Umubiri wawe noneho ugomba gukora aside ya bile nshya ukoresheje kolesteroli iva mu maraso yawe. Ubu buryo bugabanya buhoro buhoro umubare wa kolesteroli izunguruka mu maraso yawe.

Colesevelam ifatwa nk'umuti wa kolesteroli ufite imbaraga ziringaniye. Muri rusange igabanya kolesteroli ya LDL nka 15-20%, ibyo bikaba bifite icyo bisobanura ariko ntibitangaje nk'indi miti imwe ya kolesteroli. Uburyo bworoshye, buhoro buhoro akenshi butuma bukwiye gukoreshwa igihe kirekire.

Nkwiriye gufata colesevelam nte?

Fata colesevelam nk'uko muganga wawe abikwandikiye, akenshi hamwe n'ibiryo n'amazi menshi. Urugero rusanzwe rwo gutangira ni ibinini 3 kabiri ku munsi hamwe n'ibiryo, nubwo muganga wawe azagena umubare ukwiye w'ikibazo cyawe.

Gufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo bifasha gukora neza kandi bigabanya amahirwe yo kurwara mu gifu. Wibuke kunywa byibura oz 8 z'amazi kuri buri dose kugira ngo ifashe umuti kunyura neza mu nzira yawe yo mu gifu.

Niba ufata indi miti, uzakenera kuyitandukanya na colesevelam. Fata indi miti byibura isaha imwe mbere cyangwa amasaha 4 nyuma yo gufata colesevelam, kuko ishobora kubangamira imikorere y'indi miti.

Gerageza gufata colesevelam mu gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ifashe gushyiraho gahunda. Iyi myifatire ifasha kumenya neza ko ubona inyungu zose z'umuti kandi bituma bishoboka ko wibagirwa dose.

Nzamara Koresha Colesevelam Igihe Kingana Giki?

Colesevelam akenshi ni umuti ukoreshwa igihe kirekire, ushobora kumara amezi cyangwa imyaka uwufata. Cholesterol nyinshi akenshi ni indwara idakira isaba gukomeza kuyivura aho gukoresha umuti w'igihe gito.

Ushobora kubona impinduka mu rwego rwa cholesterol yawe mu byumweru 2-4 umaze gutangira kuvurwa. Ariko, bishobora gufata ibyumweru 4-6 kugira ngo ubone ingaruka zose zo kugabanya cholesterol z'uyu muti.

Muganga wawe azajya akurikirana urwego rwa cholesterol yawe buri gihe akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe uko umuti ukora neza. Bitewe n'ibi bizamini, ashobora guhindura urugero rw'umuti ukoresha cyangwa akagusaba izindi nshingano zo kugufasha kugera ku ntego zawe za cholesterol.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata colesevelam ako kanya utabanje kubiganiraho na muganga wawe. Urwego rwa cholesterol yawe rushobora gusubira ku rwego rwari ruriho mbere niba uhagaritse gufata umuti utawusimbuje ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Ziterwa na Colesevelam?

Abantu benshi bakoresha colesevelam neza, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka zikomeye zitaba kenshi kuko umuti ntujya mu maraso yawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zikunda kugaragara zireba igogora, kuko niho umuti ukorera. Izi ngaruka akenshi zigenda zikemuka uko umubiri wawe umenyera umuti mu byumweru bya mbere byo kuvurwa.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Kubura kwituma (ingaruka ikunda kugaragara cyane)
• Urubu mu nda cyangwa isesemi
• Gasi cyangwa kubyimba mu nda
• Urubavu cyangwa acide nyinshi mu gifu
• Umutwe
• Kubabara imitsi

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi biba byoroheje kandi bigashoboka kubyitwaramo. Kunywa amazi menshi, kurya ibiryo birimo fibre nyinshi, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ingaruka zireba igogora.

Ingaruka zitagaragara cyane ariko zikaba zikomeye zirimo:

• Kugara cyane kw'amara kutagira icyo guhinduka
• Urubavu rukabije cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Kugorana kumeza
• Ukuva amaraso cyangwa gukomereka bidasanzwe
• Ibimenyetso byo guhagarara kw'amara (ububabare bukomeye mu nda, kuruka, kutabasha guca umwuka)

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye. Nubwo bitaba kenshi, guhagarara kw'amara ni indwara ikomeye ishobora gusaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga.

Ninde utagomba gufata Colesevelam?

Colesevelam ntiboneye buri wese, kandi umuganga wawe azareba ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mbere yo kukwandikira. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu nzira y'igogora bashobora gukenera kwirinda uyu muti cyangwa bakawukoresha bafite ubwitonzi bukabije.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata colesevelam niba waragize amateka yo guhagarara kw'amara cyangwa niba ufite urugero rwo hejuru cyane rwa triglyceride (hejuru ya 500 mg/dL). Uyu muti ushobora gutuma izi ndwara zirushaho kuba mbi.

Umuganga wawe azagira ubwitonzi mu kwandika colesevelam niba ufite:

• Kugara kw'amara kw'igihe kirekire cyangwa indwara zo mu nzira y'igogora
• Kugorana kumeza
• Amateka yo kubagwa mu nda cyangwa mu mara
• Igogora ritinda cyane (gastroparesis)
• Kutagira vitamine zihagije, cyane cyane vitamine zishonga mu mavuta

Abantu barwaye diyabete bagomba gukurikiranwa hafi, kuko colesevelam ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Nubwo ibi bishobora kugirira akamaro abantu bamwe na bamwe barwaye diyabete, bisaba gukurikiranwa neza no guhindura imiti ya diyabete.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, ganira ku byago n'inyungu n'umuganga wawe. Nubwo colesevelam itinjira mu maraso, ni ngombwa gupima inyungu zishoboka n'ibishobora kuba byago mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Colesevelam

Colesevelam iboneka ku izina ry'ubwoko rya Welchol muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iyi ni yo miti ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikorwa na Daiichi Sankyo.

Muri iki gihe, hariho imiti ya colesevelam igurishwa ku giciro gito, ishobora gufasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuvurwa. Iyi miti igurishwa ku giciro gito ikubiyemo ibintu bikora kimwe kandi ikora neza nk'umuti uzwi ku izina ry'uruganda.

Farumasi yawe ishobora guhita ikugurira umuti ugurishwa ku giciro gito keretse muganga wawe asabye umuti uzwi ku izina ry'uruganda. Iyi miti yombi ikora neza, bityo guhitamo akenshi biterwa n'ikiguzi n'ubwishingizi.

Izindi miti isimbura Colesevelam

Niba colesevelam itagukundiye cyangwa ikagutera ibibazo, hari indi miti myinshi ishobora kugufasha kugenzura urugero rwa kolesteroli. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gushaka umuti ugukwiriye bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Izindi miti ifata aside ya bile harimo cholestyramine (Questran) na colestipol (Colestid), umuti wabanje wa colesevelam. Iyi miti ikora kimwe na colesevelam ariko ishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye cyangwa ibisabwa byo kuyifata.

Statins akenshi ni umuti wa mbere uvura kolesteroli nyinshi kandi harimo imiti nka atorvastatin (Lipitor), simvastatin (Zocor), na rosuvastatin (Crestor). Iyi miti ikora mu buryo butandukanye na colesevelam mu guhagarika ikorwa rya kolesteroli mu mwijima.

Izindi nzira zishobora gukoreshwa harimo:

• Ezetimibe (Zetia) - ihagarika imitsi ya kolesteroli mu mara
• Abahagarika PCSK9 nka evolocumab (Repatha) - imiti mishya iterwa mu nshinge
• Fibrates - ifasha kugabanya triglycerides kandi ishobora kunoza kolesteroli
• Niacin (aside ya nicotinic) - ishobora kunoza urugero rwa kolesteroli ariko ifite ingaruka zikomeye

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba imiti ivanze irimo colesevelam hamwe n'indi miti igabanya kolesteroli. Guhitamo neza biterwa n'urugero rwa kolesteroli yawe, izindi ndwara ufite, n'uko wihanganira imiti itandukanye.

Ese Colesevelam iruta Cholestyramine?

Colesevelam ifite ibyiza byinshi kurusha cholestyramine, umuti usanzwe ukoreshwa mu kugabanya aside ya bile. Imiti yombi ikora kimwe, ariko colesevelam ikunda kwihanganirwa neza n'abantu benshi.

Icyiza gikuru cya colesevelam ni uko itera ingaruka nke zo mu nzira y'igogora. Nubwo imiti yombi ishobora gutera guhagarara k'umubiri no kuribwa mu nda, colesevelam ikunda gutera ibimenyetso byoroheje byoroshye guhangana nabyo.

Colesevelam kandi iza mu buryo bwa tablet, mugihe cholestyramine iboneka mu ifu igomba kuvangwa n'amazi. Abantu benshi basanga tablet byoroshye cyane gufata buri gihe, ibyo bikongera imikorere y'imiti.

Mu bijyanye n'imikorere, imiti yombi itanga inyungu zingana zo kugabanya cholesterol. Guhitamo hagati yazo akenshi biterwa n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira, koroha, n'ibiciro.

Ariko, cholestyramine imaze igihe kinini iboneka kandi ishobora kuba ihendutse, cyane cyane mu buryo bwa rusange. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gupima ibyiza n'ibibi bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye n'ibyo ukunda.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Colesevelam

Q1. Ese Colesevelam irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, colesevelam muri rusange irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete ndetse ishobora no gufasha kunoza imiterere y'isukari mu maraso. Mubyukuri, yemewe byihariye na FDA kugirango ifashe gucunga urugero rw'isukari mu maraso mu bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

Uyu muti ushobora gufasha kugabanya cholesterol n'isukari mu maraso, ibyo bikaba bifitiye akamaro kanini kuko abantu barwaye diyabete bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima. Ariko, uzakenera gukurikiranwa hafi urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe mugihe utangiye gufata colesevelam.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukenera guhindura imiti yawe ya diyabete mugihe utangiye colesevelam, kuko kunoza imiterere y'isukari mu maraso bishobora gusobanura ko ukeneye gukoresha imiti yawe ya diyabete mike. Ntukigere uhindura imiti yawe ya diyabete wenyine.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashe colesevelam nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba wanyoye colesevelam irenze urugero rwanditswe, ntugahagarike umutima. Kubera ko umuti utinjira mu maraso yawe, biragoye ko urugero ruto rwo kunywa umuti mwinshi rwatuma ugira ibibazo bikomeye.

Ushobora guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye zo mu gifu nk'ukwihisha, kuribwa mu gifu, cyangwa kubyimba. Nywa amazi menshi kandi urye ibiryo birimo fibre nyinshi kugira ngo bifashe umuti kunyura mu mubiri wawe.

Niba wanyoye umuti mwinshi cyangwa urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso bikomeye, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi. Bashobora gutanga ubujyanama bwihariye bushingiye ku rugero wanyoye n'ibimenyetso ufite ubu.

Mu gihe kizaza, tekereza gukoresha igikoresho cyo gutegura imiti cyangwa gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone kugira ngo bifashe kwirinda kunywa imiti kabiri ku buryo butunguranye. Kunywa imiti ku gihe kimwe buri munsi nabyo bifasha gushyiraho gahunda igabanya amakosa.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa colesevelam?

Niba waciwe urugero rwa colesevelam, nywa ako kanya wibuka, igihe cyose uri kurya. Kubera ko umuti ukora neza iyo unyweye uri kurya, ntukanywe urugero wibagiwe uri mu gifu cyambaye ubusa.

Niba igihe cyo kunywa urugero rukurikira kigeze, reka urugero wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Ntukanywe urugero rurenze rumwe kugira ngo ushyire mu mwanya urugero wibagiwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti.

Kutanywa urugero rimwe na rimwe ntizagutera ikibazo, ariko gerageza kunywa colesevelam buri gihe kugira ngo ugire ibisubizo byiza byo kugabanya cholesterol. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa urugero, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kunoza imikoreshereze y'imiti.

Tekereza gushyiraho ibyibutso bya buri munsi kuri terefone yawe cyangwa gukoresha igikoresho cyo gutegura imiti buri cyumweru kugira ngo bifashe kwibuka imiti yawe. Kunywa colesevelam mu gihe kimwe n'igihe urya nabyo bishobora gufasha gushyiraho gahunda.

Q4. Nshobora kureka kunywa colesevelam ryari?

Ugomba guhagarika gufata colesevelam ari uko muganga wawe abigushishikarije. Cholesterol nyinshi akenshi ni indwara ihoraho isaba gukurikiranwa buri gihe, bityo guhagarika imiti ntibisanzwe byemewe keretse hari impamvu y'ubuvuzi yihariye.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza guhagarika colesevelam niba warageze ku kugenzura neza cholesterol ukoresheje impinduka zikomeye mu mibereho yawe, niba urimo guhura n'ingaruka zidakwiriye, cyangwa niba ukeneye guhindurira ku yindi miti.

Niba ukeneye guhagarika gufata colesevelam, muganga wawe azakurikirana urwego rwa cholesterol yawe neza kandi ashobora kugusaba izindi miti. Urwego rwa cholesterol yawe rushobora gusubira ku rwego rwari ruriho mbere mu byumweru bike uhagaritse imiti.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata colesevelam ako kanya kuko wumva umeze neza cyangwa kuko urwego rwa cholesterol yawe rwagabanutse. Izi mpinduka zishobora guterwa n'uko imiti ikora neza, atari uko utakigomba kuvurwa.

Q5. Nshobora gufata Colesevelam hamwe n'indi miti?

Colesevelam irashobora guhura n'indi miti myinshi igira ingaruka ku buryo ikora neza mu mara yawe. Ibi nibyo bituma igihe ari ingenzi iyo ufata colesevelam hamwe n'indi miti.

Fata indi miti byibuze isaha imwe mbere cyangwa amasaha 4 nyuma yo gufata colesevelam. Uku gutandukanya bifasha kumenya neza ko indi miti yawe ifashwe neza mbere yuko colesevelam itangira kubangamira ubu buryo.

Imiti imwe ifite ingaruka zidasanzwe zirimo imiti ituma amaraso atavura, imiti ya thyroid, imiti ya diyabete, na antibiyotike zimwe na zimwe. Buri gihe bwire muganga wawe na farumasiye ku bijyanye n'imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti itagurishwa ku gasoko na za supplement.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukenera guhindura igihe cyangwa urugero rwawe rw'indi miti iyo utangiye gufata colesevelam. Ntukahindure igihe cyo gufata imiti yawe utabanje kubaza umuganga wawe.