Icyo Dabigatran ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwa dose, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Dabigatran ni umuti ucisha amaraso ufasha kwirinda amaraso y'ibibumbe ateza akaga mu mubiri wawe. Ni icyo abaganga bita "direct oral anticoagulant" - mu by'ukuri ni uburyo bwa none bwo gusimbura umuti ushaje ucisha amaraso witwa warfarin utasaba gupima amaraso buri gihe.

Ushobora kuba warumvise dabigatran ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya Pradaxa. Uyu muti ukora ubugenzuzi bwa poroteyine yihariye mu maraso yawe ifasha gukora ibibumbe, uha umubiri wawe uburyo bworoheje bwo kuguma urinzwe n'indwara ya sitiroki n'izindi ngorane ziterwa n'ibibumbe.

Dabigatran ikoreshwa mu iki?

Dabigatran ifasha kukurinda ingorane zikomeye ziterwa n'ibibumbe by'amaraso. Muganga wawe arayikwandikira iyo ibyago byo kurwara ibibumbe biteza akaga biri hejuru y'ibyago byo kuva amaraso biturutse ku muti ubwawo.

Impamvu isanzwe ituma abaganga bandika dabigatran ni abantu bafite atrial fibrillation - indwara y'umutima utera umutima gutera nabi. Iyo umutima wawe udatera mu buryo buhoraho, amaraso ashobora kwibumbira akora ibibumbe bishobora kujya mu bwonko bwawe bigatera sitiroki.

Dore indwara nyamukuru dabigatran ifashamo, buri imwe ikaba igaragaza uburyo butandukanye ibibumbe by'amaraso bishobora guteza akaga ku buzima bwawe:

• Atrial fibrillation (umutima utera nabi) - kwirinda sitiroki
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - ibibumbe by'amaraso mu mitsi yo ku birenge
• Pulmonary embolism - ibibumbe by'amaraso bigenda mu muhogo wawe
• Gukumira nyuma yo kubagwa mu kuguru cyangwa mu ivi
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imitsi y'umutima (mu bihe byihariye)

Buri kimwe muri ibi biranga uko amaraso yawe ashobora kwibumbira iyo bitagombye. Dabigatran ifasha kubungabunga uburinganire umubiri wawe ukeneye kugirango wirinde ibibumbe byangiza mugihe ugishobora gukora ibibumbe bisanzwe byo gukiza.

Dabigatran ikora ite?

Dabigatran ikora ibi ikingira thrombin, poroteyine y'ingenzi ifasha amaraso yawe gukora ibibumbe. Tekereza thrombin nk'"umuyobozi" ku rubuga rw'ubwubatsi - iyobora intambwe zanyuma zo gukora ibibumbe.

Iyo ufata dabigatran, yifatanya mu buryo butaziguye na thrombin ikayibuza gukora akazi kayo. Ibi bituma bigorana cyane ko ibibumbe biteye akaga byakwiyongera ahantu nk'umutima wawe, amaguru, cyangwa ibihaha. Nyamara, umubiri wawe urashobora gukora ibibumbe iyo ubyaye, nk'igihe ukomerekeye.

Mu gihe cy'imiti ifasha amaraso gushyira, dabigatran ifatwa nk'ikomeye ku rugero ruringaniye. Irashobora kumenyekana kurusha warfarin ariko iracyasaba gukurikiranwa neza, cyane cyane iyo utangiye kuyifata. Ibyo ikora bikunze kumara amasaha agera kuri 12, niyo mpamvu abantu benshi bayifata kabiri ku munsi.

Nkwiriye gufata Dabigatran nte?

Ukwiriye gufata dabigatran nk'uko muganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi kabiri ku munsi hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa utabifatanije. Ibinini bigomba kumirwa byose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi - ntuzabikoremo agahinda, ntuzabishishure, cyangwa ubifungure.

Gufata dabigatran hamwe n'ibiryo birashobora gufasha kugabanya umujinya wo mu gifu, abantu bamwe bahura nawo. Ntabwo ukeneye kwirinda ibiryo byihariye, ariko gerageza kubifata mu bihe bimwe buri munsi kugirango ugumane urwego ruzigama mu maraso yawe.

Ibi nibyo bituma gufata dabigatran byoroha kandi bigakomera:

• Bifate mu bihe bimwe buri munsi (nk'igitondo na nimugoroba)
• Miriza ibinini byose hamwe n'amazi
• Ntuzibagirwe doze cyangwa wongereyo niba wibagiwe imwe
• Bika ibinini mu icupa ryabyo ry'umwimerere kugirango birindwe ubushuhe
• Ntuzabibike mu bikoresho byo gutegura imiti igihe kirekire

Imiterere ya dabigatran y'ibinini yoroshye ubushuhe bivuze ko bishobora gusenyuka niba byerekanwe mu bihe by'ubushuhe. Iyi niyo mpamvu umuganga wawe abibika muri iryo cupa rifunze hamwe na pakete ya desiccant.

Nkwiriye gufata Dabigatran igihe kingana iki?

Igihe uzamara ufata dabigatran biterwa n'uburwayi ufite n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga. Abantu bamwe barayifata amezi make, abandi bakayifata ubuzima bwabo bwose.

Niba ufata dabigatran kubera atrial fibrillation, birashoboka ko uzayikeneye igihe kirekire kuko ubu burwayi ubwabwo ntibusanzwe buvaho. Ibyago byo guhura n'umutima bikomeza kuba hejuru igihe cyose ufite imirimo y'umutima idahwitse.

Kubijyanye n'amaraso yiziritse nka DVT cyangwa pulmonary embolism, imiti ikunze kumara amezi 3-6 mbere na mbere. Muganga wawe azahita asuzuma niba ukeneye imiti igihe kirekire bitewe nicyateye amaraso yawe yiziritse n'ibyo uhura nabyo byo kongera kuyagira.

Nyuma yo kubagwa gukomeye nko gusimbuza ikibuno cyangwa ivi, ushobora gukenera dabigatran mu byumweru bike gusa mugihe ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda busubira ndetse n'ibyo uhura nabyo byo kwizirika kw'amaraso bigabanuka. Umuganga wakubaze azagena igihe nyacyo bitewe n'imikurire yawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka za dabigatran?

Kimwe n'imiti yose ituma amaraso ataguma, ingaruka nyamukuru ya dabigatran ni ukwiyongera kw'ibibazo by'amaraso. Ibi bibaho kuko umuti ukurinda amaraso y'akaga nanone utuma amaraso yawe ataguma iyo ukeneye.

Abantu benshi bafata dabigatran neza, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ingaruka zisanzwe n'izikomeye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya icyo gisanzwe n'icyo gisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Uburibwe bwo mu nda cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Gukomereka byoroshye
• Gusohoka kw'amaraso gake (nk'amaraso amara igihe kinini asohoka mu gukomereka guto)
• Isesemi
• Uburibwe bwo mu nda cyangwa kutagira igogora ryiza

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe akenshi zikemura umubiri wawe umaze kumenyera umuti. Gufata dabigatran hamwe n'ibiryo birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zifitanye isano n'inda cyane.

Ariko, ingaruka zimwe zifitanye isano no kuva amaraso zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga, kuko zishobora kugaragaza kuva amaraso imbere mu buryo bukomeye:

• Gusohoka amaraso menshi cyangwa adasanzwe adahagarara
• Amaraso mu nkari (ibara ry'umutuku, umutuku cyangwa ikijuju)
• Ibyituma byirabura, bimeze nk'isima cyangwa amaraso atukura cyane mu myanya y'amara
• Gukorora amaraso
• Umutwe ukabije cyangwa isereri
• Ubugoyagoye cyangwa umunaniro udasanzwe
• Gusohoka amaraso menshi mu gihe cy'imihango

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihutirwa. Ibi bishobora kwerekana kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri bisaba kuvurwa vuba.

Ingaruka zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zirimo allergie ikabije, ibibazo by'umwijima, cyangwa ibibazo by'impyiko. Nubwo bitajyenda bibaho, ibi bisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga niba ibimenyetso nk'uruhu rururuka cyane, guhumeka bigoye, cyangwa umuhondo w'uruhu bibayeho.

Ninde utagomba gufata Dabigatran?

Dabigatran ntibishoboka kuri buri wese, cyane cyane abantu bafite indwara ziyongera kuva amaraso cyangwa zikabuza imiti gukora neza. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kukwandikira umuti.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata dabigatran niba ufite kuva amaraso ahantu hose mu mubiri wawe. Ibi birimo kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri, kubagwa vuba aha hamwe no kuva amaraso bikomeje, cyangwa indwara iyo ari yo yose ituma ugira kuva amaraso bidahagarara.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe bagomba kwirinda dabigatran rwose:

• Indwara ikabije y'impyiko cyangwa kunanirwa kw'impyiko
• Kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri
• Valves z'umutima zikora
• Indwara ikabije y'umwijima
• Allergie izwi kuri dabigatran
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo kuva amaraso

Muganga wawe azitonda kandi niba ufite ibibazo by'impyiko byoroheje, amateka ya za nyiramvumbi z'igifu, cyangwa ufata indi miti igira ingaruka ku kuva amaraso. Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 75 ntibigutera guhagarikwa, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa neza.

Kuba utwite no konka bifite ibitekerezo byihariye. Dabigatran ishobora gukomeretsa umwana ukura, bityo muganga wawe azaganira ku zindi nzira zitunganye niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gutwita.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Dabigatran

Dabigatran ikunze kuboneka munsi y'izina ry'ubwoko rya Pradaxa, ikorwa na Boehringer Ingelheim. Iyi ni verisiyo abantu benshi bakira mugihe muganga wabo yanditse dabigatran.

Pradaxa iza mubarushaho gutandukana (75mg, 110mg, na 150mg capsules) kugirango byorohereze gupima neza hashingiwe kubyo ukeneye byihariye no gukora kw'impyiko. Capsules zidasanzwe z'ubururu n'umweru zagenewe kurinda imiti ubushyuhe.

Verisiyo rusange ya dabigatran zirimo kuboneka mubihugu bimwe na bimwe, ariko kuboneka biratandukanye bitewe n'ahantu. Umuganga wawe w'imiti ashobora kukubwira verisiyo ziboneka mumwanya wawe niba gusimbuza rusange bikwiye kubibazo byawe.

Izindi nzira za Dabigatran

Izindi miti nyinshi ituma amaraso atavura irashobora gukora nkizindi nzira za dabigatran, buri imwe ifite inyungu zayo n'ibitekerezo byayo. Muganga wawe ahitamo hashingiwe kubibazo byawe byihariye byubuvuzi, imikorere y'impyiko, n'indi miti ufata.

Andi ma anticoagulants yo kunywa (DOACs) akora kimwe na dabigatran ariko aganisha kumice itandukanye y'inzira yo kuvura. Ibi birimo rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis), na edoxaban (Savaysa).

Izindi nzira gakondo zirimo warfarin (Coumadin), ikeneye gupimwa amaraso buri gihe ariko yakoreshejwe neza mumyaka mirongo. Heparin na heparins yoroheje ikoreshwa mubihe by'ibitaro cyangwa kuvurwa igihe gito.

Gu hitamo hagati y'izi nzira biterwa n'ibintu nk'imikorere y'impyiko zawe, izindi miti, ibyo ukunda mubuzima, n'indwara zihariye. Ibyo bikora neza kumuntu umwe ntibishobora kuba byiza kubundi.

Ese Dabigatran iruta Warfarin?

Dabigatran ifite ibyiza byinshi kurusha warfarin, ariko "icyiza" giterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Ku bantu benshi, dabigatran itanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bwizewe bwo gupfuka amaraso hatabayeho gukenera ibizamini by'amaraso kenshi.

Bitandukanye na warfarin, dabigatran ntisaba gukurikiranwa amaraso buri gihe cyangwa kubahiriza cyane ibyo kurya. Ntabwo ugomba guhangayika ku bijyanye na vitamine K mu biryo nk'imboga zifite amababi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imiti yawe.

Dabigatran ikunda gutera kuvirirana amaraso bitari bikomeye mu bwonko ugereranije na warfarin, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro cyane mu kurwanya sitiroko. Ariko, iyo kuvirirana amaraso bikomeye bibayeho hamwe na dabigatran, birashobora kugorana guhindura vuba.

Warfarin iracyari uburyo bwiza ku bantu bafite imitsi y'umutima ikora mu buryo bwa mekaniki, indwara ikomeye y'impyiko, cyangwa abamaze imyaka bayikoresha neza. Iragabanya kandi amafaranga cyane kurusha dabigatran kandi ifite umuti wemewe wo kuyihindura niba bibaye ngombwa.

Muganga wawe azatekereza imikorere y'impyiko zawe, imiti yindi ukoresha, imibereho yawe, n'ibyo ukunda ku giti cyawe mugihe afata icyemezo hagati y'izi mpuzamiti. Imiti yombi ifite akamaro iyo ikoreshejwe neza.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Dabigatran

Ese Dabigatran irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara y'impyiko?

Umutekano wa Dabigatran uterwa n'uko impyiko zawe zikora neza, kuko impyiko zawe zikuraho imiti myinshi mu mubiri wawe. Abantu bafite ibibazo byoroheje by'impyiko akenshi bashobora gufata dabigatran hamwe no guhindura urugero rw'imiti.

Niba ufite indwara y'impyiko yo hagati, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka urugero ruto kandi akagenzura imikorere y'impyiko zawe neza. Ariko, abantu bafite indwara ikomeye y'impyiko cyangwa kunanirwa kw'impyiko ntibagomba gufata dabigatran na gato.

Muganga wawe azagenzura imikorere y'impyiko zawe hamwe n'ibizamini by'amaraso mbere yo gutangira dabigatran kandi buri gihe mugihe uyifata. Ibi bifasha kumenya neza ko imiti iguma ku rwego rw'umutekano mu mubiri wawe.

Ninkora iki niba mfashwe n'umuti wa Dabigatran mwinshi?

Niba ufashwe n'umuti wa dabigatran mwinshi kuruta uko wategetswe, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe ubumara ako kanya. Gufata mwinshi byongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso menshi, bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ntugategereze ngo urebe niba ugira ibimenyetso - hamagara kugira ngo ugirwe inama y'ubuvuzi ako kanya. Niba urimo kugira ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso nk'uburibwe budasanzwe, amaraso mu nkari cyangwa mu musarani, cyangwa kubabara umutwe bikabije, jya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi ako kanya.

Zana icupa ry'umuti wawe kugira ngo abaganga bamenye neza umubare wafashe n'igihe. Hariho imiti iboneka ifasha guhindura ingaruka za dabigatran niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ninkora iki niba nirengagije doze ya Dabigatran?

Niba wibagiwe doze ya dabigatran, yifate ako kanya wibuka, ariko niba hasigaye amasaha arenga 6 mbere yuko ufata doze yawe iteganyijwe. Niba hasigaye amasaha atageze kuri 6 mbere yuko ufata doze yawe iteganyijwe, reka doze wibagiwe rwose.

Ntuzigere ufata doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbure doze wibagiwe - ibi bishobora kongera cyane ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Komeza gukurikiza gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gufata imiti kuva icyo gihe.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa doze, tekereza gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti ku munsi gusa. Ariko, ntugashyire dabigatran mu muteguro w'imiti y'icyumweru kubera ubushyuhe.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Dabigatran?

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata dabigatran ako kanya utabanje kuvugana n'umuganga wawe. Guhagarika ako kanya bishobora kongera ibyago bya stroke cyangwa amaraso, rimwe na rimwe mu minsi mike gusa.

Umuganga wawe azagena igihe byemewe guhagarika bishingiye ku burwayi bwawe bw'ibanze n'ubuzima bwawe bw'ubu. Kubera ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nk'umutima utera nabi, ushobora gukenera kuvurwa ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Niba ukeneye guhagarara kubera kubagwa cyangwa izindi nzira zo kwa muganga, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye igihe. Ashobora kugusaba ikindi kintu cy'agateganyo cyangwa guhindura igihe cy'inzira yawe.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba mfata Dabigatran?

Kunwa inzoga mu rugero ruciriritse birakwiriye muri rusange mugihe ufata dabigatran, ariko kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Inzoga kandi irashobora kongera ingaruka z'umuti kandi igatuma ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti zishoboka cyane.

Jya unywa icyo kirenze kimwe ku munsi ku bagore cyangwa ibinyobwa bibiri ku munsi ku bagabo, kandi wirinde kunywa inzoga nyinshi rwose. Niba ufite amateka y'ibibazo by'inzoga, ganira ibi na muganga wawe.

Jya witonda cyane ku nzoga niba ufata indi miti ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso cyangwa niba ufite ibibazo by'umwijima. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga ubujyanama bwihariye bushingiye ku ishusho yawe yuzuye y'ubuzima.