Icyo Dacarbazine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo kuyifata, ingaruka zayo, n'ibindi

Dacarbazine ni umuti wa kanseri ukoreshwa mu kuvura ubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri, harimo melanoma na lymphoma ya Hodgkin. Uyu muti ukomeye urwanya kanseri ukora yangiza ADN y'uturemangingo twa kanseri, ukabuza gukura no kwiyongera kwatwo. Nubwo ufatwa nk'umuti ukomeye ushobora kurwanya kanseri neza, nanone uza n'ingaruka zikomeye zisaba gukurikiranwa neza n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Dacarbazine ni iki?

Dacarbazine ni umuti ukora alkylating, bivuze ko ari mu cyiciro cy'imiti ya kanseri igaba ibitero ku turemangingo twa kanseri. Itangwa gusa binyuze mu nshinge ya IV (intravene) mu bitaro cyangwa mu ivuriro. Uyu muti umaze imyaka myinshi ukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri kandi ufatwa nk'imwe mu miti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura melanoma yo mu rwego rwo hejuru na lymphoma zimwe na zimwe.

Uyu muti ukorwa mu buryo bwa sintetike, bivuze ko ukorerwa muri laboratwari aho guturuka mu bintu bisanzwe. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri azemeza niba dacarbazine ikwiriye ubwoko bwawe bwihariye n'urwego rwa kanseri ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye birimo ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'uburyo kanseri yawe yitwaye ku bundi buvuzi.

Dacarbazine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Dacarbazine ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura melanoma yo mu rwego rwo hejuru na lymphoma ya Hodgkin. Ku barwayi ba melanoma, akenshi itangwa iyo kanseri yafashe ibindi bice by'umubiri (metastatic melanoma). Mu gihe cya lymphoma ya Hodgkin, akenshi ikoreshwa nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi buhuriweho bwitwa ABVD.

Muganga wawe ashobora no gutekereza gukoresha dacarbazine ku zindi kanseri zitavugwa cyane nka sarcomas y'imitsi yoroshye. Umwanzuro wo gukoresha uyu muti uterwa n'urwego rwa kanseri yawe, aho iherereye, n'uburyo yitwaye ku bundi buvuzi. Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa yonyine, ariko akenshi ihuzwa n'indi miti ya kanseri kugirango yongere imikorere.

Dacarbazine ikora ite?

Dacarbazine ikora ibi bikurikira: ibuza selile za kanseri gukora no kwandukanya ADN yazo. Bitekereze nk'uko bibuza selile ya kanseri gukurikiza amabwiriza, bigatuma selile itabasha gukora neza cyangwa ngo ikore selile nshya za kanseri. Ibi biza kurangira selile ya kanseri ipfuye.

Uyu ni umuti ukomeye utarobanura selile za kanseri n'izindi selile zifite ubuzima bwiza. Ni yo mpamvu ushobora kugira ingaruka ku bice by'umubiri wawe aho selile zigabanyuka vuba, nk'urwungano rw'igogora, imisatsi, n'umushongi w'amagufa. Inkuru nziza ni uko selile nzima zisanzwe zishobora koroherwa n'ibi byangiritse kurusha selile za kanseri.

Nkwiriye gufata dacarbazine nte?

Dacarbazine ihabwa buri gihe binyuze mu muyoboro w'amaraso (IV) mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi n'abakozi b'ubuzima babihuguriwe. Ntushobora gufata uyu muti uri mu rugo cyangwa unywa. Gutera uyu muti bisaba iminota 30 kugeza ku isaha, kandi uraza gukurikiranwa mu gihe cyose cy'iyi nzira.

Mbere yo guhabwa uyu muti, jya ufata ifunguro rito keretse muganga wawe abiguhagaritse. Abantu bamwe basanga kurya ikintu mu gifu cyabo bifasha kugabanya isesemi. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizaguhereza imiti igabanya isesemi mbere yo gutera uyu muti kugira ngo bifashe kwirinda kubabara mu gifu.

Uzagomba kugera ku gihe cy'igikorwa cyawe wihaze amazi, bityo unywe amazi menshi umunsi mbere y'uko uhabwa uyu muti no mu gitondo cyo ku munsi wo guhabwa uyu muti. Irinde inzoga byibuze amasaha 24 mbere na nyuma yo guterwa uyu muti, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma ingaruka zirushaho kuba mbi kandi bikabangamira uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha uyu muti.

Nkwiriye gufata dacarbazine igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo gufata dacarbazine gitandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ufite n'uburyo umubiri wawe wakiriye neza uyu muti. Abantu benshi bahabwa imiti mu byiciro, buri kiciro kikamara icyumweru 3-4. Ushobora gukenera ibyiciro biri hagati ya 3 na 8, nubwo abantu bamwe bakeneye kuvurwa igihe kirekire.

Umuvuzi wawe w’indwara z’umwijima azajya akurikirana uko urugendo rwawe rugenda binyuze mu bipimo by’amaraso, ibizamini by’imashini, n’ibizamini by’umubiri. Niba kanseri yawe isubiza neza kandi ingaruka zikaba zicungwa, kuvurwa birashobora gukomeza. Ariko, niba kanseri itisubiza cyangwa ingaruka zikaba zikabije cyane, muganga wawe azaganira ku buryo bwo kuvura bundi.

Ni ngombwa kurangiza urugendo rwawe rwose rwo kuvurwa n’ubwo watangira kumva umeze neza. Uturemangingo twa kanseri turashobora kuboneka n’ubwo wumva umeze neza, kandi guhagarika kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gutuma kanseri igaruka ikomeye kurusha mbere.

Ni Iyihe Miterere Y’ingaruka za Dacarbazine?

Kimwe n’imiti yose ya chemotherapy, dacarbazine irashobora gutera ingaruka ziva ku zoroheje kugeza ku zikomeye. Abantu benshi bahura n’ingaruka zimwe, ariko wibuke ko ikipe yawe y’ubuzima yiteguye kugufasha kuzicunga neza.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo:

• Urugimbu n’umuriro (bigira ingaruka ku barwayi benshi)
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugira umunaniro n’intege nke
• Umubare muto w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso
• Kutagira umusatsi
• Ibisebe mu kanwa
• Ibimenyetso bisa n’ibicurane birimo umuriro n’ububabare mu myanya y’umubiri

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe zicungwa muri rusange hamwe n’ubufasha n’imiti. Ikipe yawe y’ubuzima izaguha imiti irwanya urugimbu n’izindi mvura zifasha kugufasha kumva umeze neza.

Nubwo bitajyenda kenshi, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi bwihuse:

• Infesiyo ikabije bitewe n’umubare muto w’uturemangingo twera tw’amaraso
• Gusohoka amaraso bidasanzwe cyangwa gukomereka
• Ibibazo bikabije by’umwijima
• Ubwivumbagatanye mu gihe cyo gutera umuti
• Gusubira inyuma gukabije kw’uruhu
• Ibibazo by’umutima (ntibikunda kubaho)

Vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva umuriro, kuva amaraso bidasanzwe, isesemi ikabije ikubuza kunywa amazi, cyangwa ibimenyetso byose bikubabaza. Gutabara hakiri kare birashobora kwirinda ingorane kandi bikagufasha kumva umeze neza.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Dacarbazine?

Dacarbazine ntibereye buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza niba ari byiza kuri wowe. Abantu bafite uburwayi bukomeye bwo mu mubiri cyangwa abagize ibibazo bikomeye byo kwivumbura kuri dacarbazine ntibagomba guhabwa uyu muti.

Muganga wawe azitonda cyane niba ufite ibibazo byumwijima, indwara y'impyiko, cyangwa amateka y'indwara z'umutima. Abagore batwite ntibagomba guhabwa dacarbazine kuko ishobora kwangiza umwana ukura. Niba urimo konka, ugomba guhagarara mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa.

Mbere yo gutangira dacarbazine, bwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo imiti igurishwa ku isoko n'ibyongerera imbaraga. Imwe mu miti irashobora guhura na dacarbazine kandi ikongera ingaruka zayo cyangwa ikagabanya imikorere yayo.

Amazina y'Ubwoko bwa Dacarbazine

Dacarbazine iboneka munsi y'izina ry'ubwoko rya DTIC-Dome mu bihugu byinshi. Ariko, akenshi yitwa dacarbazine cyangwa DTIC gusa mu buvuzi. Ubwoko bwa generic buraboneka kandi bukora kimwe neza nk'umuti w'izina ry'ubwoko.

Ibitaro byawe cyangwa ivuriro bizakoresha ubwo bwoko buboneka, kandi ntugomba guhangayika no gusaba ubwoko bwihariye. Ubwoko bwose bwa dacarbazine buhura n'ubuziranenge bumwe bw'umutekano n'imikorere.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Dacarbazine

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gusimbuza dacarbazine, nubwo guhitamo neza biterwa n'ubwoko bwawe bwihariye bwa kanseri. Kubera melanoma, ibindi bishya birimo imiti ya immunotherapy nka pembrolizumab (Keytruda) na nivolumab (Opdivo), ifasha umubiri wawe kurwanya kanseri neza.

Izindi nzira zo kuvura kanseri zikoreshwa harimo temozolomide, ifatirwa mu kanwa kandi ikora kimwe na dacarbazine. Ku bijyanye na kanseri ya Hodgkin, izindi nzira zifatanyije nka BEACOPP cyangwa ICE zishobora gutekerezwa niba ABVD (irimo dacarbazine) itakwemerwa.

Umuvuzi wawe w'indwara z'umubiri azatekereza ibintu nk'imiterere ya kanseri yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'imiti wahawe mbere yo kugusaba izindi nzira. Ntukigere uhagarika dacarbazine cyangwa guhindura imiti utabanje kubiganiraho n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima.

Ese Dacarbazine iruta Temozolomide?

Zombi dacarbazine na temozolomide zikora kimwe, ariko zifite inyungu zitandukanye. Temozolomide irashobora gufatwa nk'ipilule uri mu rugo, abantu benshi barabona ko byoroshye kurusha gutera imiti mu mitsi. Ariko, dacarbazine imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa kandi ifite ubushakashatsi bwinshi buyishyigikiye.

Ku bijyanye n'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, temozolomide ishobora gukundwa kuko yinjira mu bwonko byoroshye. Ku zindi kanseri, dacarbazine ishobora guhitwamo nk'igice cy'imiti yemejwe ifatanyije. Muganga wawe azatekereza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze mu gihe ahitamo hagati y'iyo miti.

Icyemezo cyiza giterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, harimo ubwoko bwa kanseri yawe, icyiciro, izindi ndwara, n'ibyo ukunda. Iyo miti yombi yafashije abarwayi benshi kurwanya kanseri neza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Dacarbazine

Ese Dacarbazine irakwemerwa ku bantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima?

Dacarbazine isaba kwitonda cyane ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima kuko umwijima utunganya uwo muti. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini by'imikorere y'umwijima mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa kandi akabikurikirana buri gihe mu gihe uvurwa.

Niba ufite ibibazo byoroheje by’umwijima, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura urugero rw’umuti ukoresha cyangwa akagukurikiranira hafi. Ariko, abantu bafite indwara ikomeye y’umwijima ntibashobora kuba bakwemererwa gukoresha dacarbazine. Bwira ukuri ikipe yawe y’ubuzima ku mateka yose y’ibibazo by’umwijima, harimo hepatite cyangwa gukoresha inzoga nyinshi.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye dacarbazine nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Kubera ko dacarbazine itangwa gusa n’abantu bafite ubumenyi mu by’ubuzima mu bigo by’ubuvuzi, kunywa umuti mwinshi ku buryo butunganye ni gake cyane. Ikipe yawe y’ubuzima ibara neza urugero rw’umuti ukoresha ishingiye ku bunini bw’umubiri wawe kandi ikagenzura neza uko umuti winjira mu mubiri.

Niba ufite impungenge ku rugero rw’umuti ukoresha cyangwa wumva ibimenyetso bikomeye by’uruhande nyuma yo kuvurwa, vugana n’umuganga wawe ako kanya. Bashobora gutanga ubufasha kandi bakagukurikiranira ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka. Ntukagerageze na rimwe kwivuza ibimenyetso bishobora guterwa no kunywa umuti mwinshi ku buryo butunganye wenyine.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nasibye urugero rwa dacarbazine?

Niba wasibye gahunda yo gufata dacarbazine, vugana n’ibiro bya muganga wawe w’indwara z’umwijima vuba bishoboka kugira ngo utegure gahunda nshya. Ntugerageze gusubiza urugero rwasibwe cyangwa kongera imiti. Ikipe yawe y’ubuzima izahindura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa mu buryo bwizewe.

Kusiba urugero rumwe ntizasenya uburyo bwawe bwo kuvurwa, ariko guhora ukoresha umuti ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubashe kubona ibisubizo byiza. Niba ufite ibibazo byo kwitabira gahunda kubera ibimenyetso by’uruhande cyangwa ibindi bibazo, biganireho n’ikipe yawe y’ubuzima. Bashobora kugufasha gucunga ibimenyetso by’uruhande cyangwa guhindura gahunda yawe niba bibaye ngombwa.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata dacarbazine?

Ukwiye guhagarika dacarbazine gusa muganga wawe w’indwara z’umwijima yemeje ko bikwiye. Iyi myanzuro ishingiye ku buryo kanseri yawe isubiza mu kuvurwa, uko ibimenyetso by’uruhande byawe bikomeye, n’uko ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bumeze.

Abantu bamwe barangiza neza imiti bateganyirijwe, mu gihe abandi bashobora guhagarika kare kubera ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti cyangwa kutagira icyo bikora. Muganga wawe azakoresha ibizamini bya buri gihe no gupima amaraso kugira ngo akurikirane uko urimo urwanya indwara, kandi azagufasha gufata icyemezo.

Ese nshobora gutwara imodoka nyuma yo kuvurwa na Dacarbazine?

Abantu benshi barumva bananiwe cyangwa batameze neza nyuma yo guterwa dacarbazine, bityo ni byiza guteganya ko hari umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo nyuma yo kuvurwa. Umunaniro, isesemi, n'ibimenyetso bisa n'ibicurane bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara neza imodoka.

Teganya kuruhuka umunsi wose nyuma yo kuvurwa. Abantu benshi barumva bameze neza nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, ariko umva uko umubiri wawe wumva, kandi ntugatware imodoka niba wumva utameze neza cyangwa uruka. Umutekano wawe n'umutekano w'abandi bari mu muhanda ni byo by'ingenzi.