Icyo Daclizumab yari cyo: Ibiyakoreshaga, Uburyo bwo kuyifata, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Daclizumab yari umuti wandikirwaga n'abaganga wakoreshwaga mu kuvura indwara ya multiple sclerosis (MS) agabanya ububyimbirwe mu bwonko no mu mugongo. Uyu muti wakoraga ubugenzuzi bwo guhagarika ibimenyetso byihariye by'umubiri bitera ibitero bya MS.

Ariko, daclizumab yakurwe ku isoko ku bushake mu mwaka wa 2018 kubera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano. Nubwo yagaragazaga icyizere mu kuvura MS, ibibazo by'umwijima byari bikomeye ariko bikaba bitabaho cyane byatumye ihagarikwa ku isi yose.

Daclizumab yari iki?

Daclizumab yari umuti wa biyologiya wari wateguwe by'umwihariko kuvura ubwoko bwa multiple sclerosis bugaruka. Yari mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa monoclonal antibodies, ari zo poroteyine zikorwa muri laboratwari zigamije ibice byihariye by'umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa.

Uyu muti watangwaga mu nshinge buri kwezi munsi y'uruhu, akenshi mu itako, mu nda, cyangwa mu kaboko kawe k'igice cyo hejuru. Yagurishwaga ku izina rya Zinbryta kandi yafatwaga nk'ubuvuzi bwa kabiri ku barwayi ba MS batitabiraga imiti yindi.

Bitandukanye n'imiti imwe ya MS igabanya mu buryo bwagutse ubudahangarwa bwawe, daclizumab yakoraga mu buryo butoroshye. Yagabanyaga poroteyine yihariye yitwa CD25 ku ngirangingo zimwe z'ubudahangarwa, igamije kugabanya ibitero by'ubudahangarwa byangiza imitsi mu gihe cya MS.

Daclizumab yakoreshwaga mu kuvura iki?

Daclizumab yari yandikirwa cyane cyane abantu bakuru barwaye ubwoko bwa multiple sclerosis bugaruka. Ibi bikubiyemo relapsing-remitting MS na secondary progressive MS hamwe no kugaruka, ibihe abarwayi bahuriramo n'ibimenyetso bishya bikurikirwa no gukira igice cyangwa gufata neza.

Muganga wawe ashobora kuba yaratekereje gukoresha daclizumab niba waragize ibitero bya MS bikunze kubaho nubwo wakoreshaga ubundi buvuzi bugabanya indwara. Akenshi yari yagenewe abarwayi bahuye n'ibikorwa by'indwara byagaragaye ku buvuzi bwa mbere nk'interferons cyangwa glatiramer acetate.

Uyu muti ntiwemerejwe indwara ya MS ikomeza kwiyongera, aho ibimenyetso bikomeza kwiyongera buhoro buhoro nta gihe cyo kwisubiramo. Ntiwakoreshejwe kandi ku barwayi bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umwijima cyangwa abafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara umwijima.

Daclizumab ikora ite?

Daclizumab yakoraga ibintu byinshi bikingira umubiri, ikabuza umubiri kwakira ibintu byose bishobora kuwugiraho ingaruka, binyuze mu guhagarika umubare wihariye witwa CD25 ku turemangingo twa T twakajijwe, ari uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso tugira uruhare runini mu bitero byo kwivumbura. Mu guhagarika uyu mwakira, uyu muti wabuzaga uturemangingo twangiza tw'umubiri kwiyongera no gutera imitsi y'ubwonko ikora neza.

Bitekereze nk'ugushyira urugi ku rugi uturemangingo dukoresha kugira ngo twinjire mu bwonko bwawe no mu mugongo. Iyo daclizumab yahagarikaga umwakira wa CD25, yongeraga kandi umubare w'uturemangingo kamere zica, byafashaga kugenzura neza uko umubiri witwara.

Ubu buryo bwihariye bwatumye daclizumab ikomera ku rugero ruciriritse ugereranije n'indi miti ya MS. Yari itoroshye kurusha imiti ikoreshwa mu guhagarika ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ariko yari ikeneye gukurikiranwa neza kubera ingaruka zayo ku mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Daclizumab ikwiye gufatwa ite?

Daclizumab yatangwaga nk'urushinge rwo munsi y'uruhu rimwe mu byumweru bine. Urutonde rusanzwe rwari 150 mg, rutangwa binyuze mu rusinge ruzuzuye mbere yuko rutangwa nawe cyangwa umuganga ukoresha urushinge munsi y'uruhu rwawe.

Aho urushinge ruterwa rwahindukaga hagati y'ikibero cyawe, mu nda, cyangwa mu kaboko kawe ka hejuru kugira ngo birinde kurakara kw'uruhu. Washoboraga gufata umuti ufite cyangwa udafite ibiryo, kuko kurya ntacyo byahinduraga ku buryo umubiri wawe wakira uwo muti.

Mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa, muganga wawe yagombaga gukora ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe imikorere y'umwijima wawe. Gukurikiranwa buri gihe byakomeje mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, hamwe n'ibizamini by'amaraso bikorwa buri kwezi kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso byose by'ibibazo by'umwijima.

Uyu muti wagombaga kubikwa muri firigo yawe ugashyirwa ku bushyuhe busanzwe mbere yo guterwa urushinge. Urutonde ruriho rwari ruzana mu rusinge rumwe rukoreshwa rimwe gusa wagombaga kujugunya neza nyuma yo gukoresha.

Daclizumab yagombaga kumara igihe kingana iki ikoreshwa?

Igihe cyo kuvura na daclizumab cyajyaga gitandukana bitewe n'uko warimo wumva imiti n'niba hari ingaruka wari ufite. Abantu benshi bari bafashwe n'iyi miti bakomeje kuyikoresha iteka, kuko kuyihagarika byashoboraga gutuma indwara ya MS yongera kwigaragaza.

Muganga wawe yajyaga asuzuma uko urimo witwara akoresheje ibizamini bya MRI n'ibizamini by'imitsi, akenshi buri mezi 6 cyangwa 12. Niba wari ufite ibibazo bishya cyangwa ubushobozi bwawe bugenda bugabanuka nubwo warimo uvurwa, muganga wawe yashoboraga gutekereza guhindura imiti ya MS.

Ariko, kuvurwa byahagarikwaga ako kanya niba wagaragazaga ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima, nk'uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo, inkari z'umukara, cyangwa isesemi ihoraho. Uyu muti wavanywe ku isoko kubera ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Daclizumab?

Daclizumab yashoboraga gutera ingaruka zitandukanye, kuva ku zoroshye kugeza ku zikomeye. Kumva ibi bishobora gutera byafashaga abarwayi n'abaganga gufata ibyemezo byiza by'ubuvuzi no gukurikirana ibimenyetso biteye inkeke.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zari zoroshye kandi zirimo:

• Uruhu rwakomeretse ahaterwa urushinge, harimo umutuku, kubyimba, cyangwa kuribwa
• Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru nka grip cyangwa indwara zo mu mazuru
• Uruhu rwatukuye cyangwa kuribwa hanze y'aho batera urushinge
• Enzime z'umwijima zazamutse zagaragajwe mu bizamini by'amaraso
• Imitsi yabyimbye
• Ibimenyetso bisa na grip nyuma yo guterwa urushinge

Ingaruka zikomeye zasabaga ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga kandi zirimo ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima, bishobora gutera urupfu. Ibi bibazo by'umwijima nibyo byatumye uyu muti uvana ku isoko.

Ibikomere bitari bike ariko bikomeye byari birimo:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo mu mwijima bushobora gutera kunanirwa kw'umwijima
• Udukoko dukomeye kubera gucogora kw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Uruhu rwakomeretse cyane rukenera kuvurirwa mu bitaro
• Autoimmune encephalitis, uburwayi bwo mu bwonko butavuka cyane
• Urugero rwo kwivumbura ku bintu byose bikomeye mugihe cyangwa nyuma yo guterwa urukingo

Ibi bibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane ibibazo by'umwijima, byabayeho ku gice gito cy'abarwayi ariko byashoboraga kwica. Ibi byatumye daclizumab ikurwa ku isoko ku bushake ku isi yose.

Ninde utagomba gufata Daclizumab?

Daclizumab ntabwo yari ikwiriye kuri buri wese ufite sclerose nyinshi. Uburwayi n'ibihe bimwe na bimwe byatumye umuti uba mubi cyangwa utakwiriye gukoreshwa.

Ntabwo wagombye kuba waranyoye daclizumab niba wari ufite:

• Uburwayi bwo mu mwijima bwariho mbere cyangwa imyunyu y'umwijima yazamutse cyane
• Udukoko dukora, cyane cyane udukoko dukomeye twa bagiteri, virusi, cyangwa fungi
• Amateka yo kwivumbura ku bintu byose bikomeye kuri daclizumab cyangwa ibiyigize
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza buturutse ku zindi ndwara cyangwa imiti
• Gusama cyangwa gahunda yo gusama mugihe cyo kuvurwa

Ubwitange bwihariye bwakenerwaga kubarwayi bafite amateka yo kwiheba, indwara zidakira zirenga MS, cyangwa abafata indi miti ishobora kugira ingaruka kumwijima. Muganga wawe yagombaga gusuzuma neza amateka yawe mbere yo kugusaba daclizumab.

Umuti ntiwateganijwe kubarwayi barengeje imyaka 65, kuko amakuru y'umutekano muri iki cyiciro cy'imyaka yari make. Ababyeyi bonka basabwe kwirinda umuti kubera ibyago bishobora guterwa n'umwana.

Amazina ya Daclizumab

Daclizumab yacururizwaga izina rya Zinbryta mukuvura sclerose nyinshi. Iri niryo zina ryibanze ryakoreshwaga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, Uburayi, n'ibindi bihugu byemejwe.

Mu ntangiriro y'iterambere ryayo, daclizumab yari izwi kandi ku izina rya Zenapax igihe yakoreshwaga mu kurwanya kwangwa kw'ingingo ziteranywe. Ariko, iyi formulation yari itandukanye n'iya MS kandi yarahagaritswe.

Kuva umuti wavanywe ku isoko, Zinbryta ntikiboneka muri farumasi iyo ari yo yose cyangwa umuganga. Abarwayi bakoreshaga uyu muti bimuriwe mu zindi nshuti zivura MS.

Izindi nshuti za Daclizumab

Kuva daclizumab itagihari, izindi nshuti nyinshi zihindura indwara zirashobora kuvura neza uburyo bwo gusubiramo bwa multiple sclerosis. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kubona indi nshuti ikwiriye cyane bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Izindi nshuti zirimo:

• Imiti ya Interferon nka Avonex, Rebif, cyangwa Plegridy
• Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone cyangwa Glatopa)
• Imiti yo kunywa nka fingolimod (Gilenya) cyangwa dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
• Ubuvuzi bwo guterwa nka natalizumab (Tysabri) cyangwa ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)
• Uburyo bushya burimo alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) cyangwa cladribine (Mavenclad)

Buri nshuti ifite inyungu zayo n'ibibazo byayo, kandi muganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'uko indwara yawe ikora, imiti wakoresheje mbere, n'amateka yawe bwite y'ubuzima. Intego ni ukubona umuti ugenzura neza MS yawe mugihe ugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti.

Abarwayi benshi bakoreshaga daclizumab bimukiye neza mu zindi nshuti bakomeza kugenzura indwara. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakorana nawe bya hafi kugirango wirinde guhinduka nabi no gukomeza gucunga MS yawe.

Ese Daclizumab iruta izindi miti ya MS?

Daclizumab yagaragaje imikorere myiza mu igeragezwa ryo kwa muganga ugereranije na interferon beta-1a, igabanya umuvuduko wo gusubiramo no gukora ibibazo bishya byo mu bwonko ku barwayi benshi. Ariko, uko umutekano wayo utameze neza byarushijeho kurenga izi nyungu.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko daclizumab yari ifite akamaro kurusha imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu gufasha abarwayi bafite uburwayi bwo mu bwonko. Abarwayi bakundaga kugira ibibazo bike kandi ntibagire ubumuga burenze urugero ugereranije n'abakoreshaga imiti ya interferon.

Nubwo yari ifite akamaro, gukurwaho kw'uyu muti kubera impungenge z'umutekano w'umwijima bivuze ko ubu utagikorwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Imiti ikoreshwa ubu mu kuvura MS nka ocrelizumab cyangwa natalizumab ishobora gutanga umusaruro umeze kimwe cyangwa mwiza hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukoresha umutekano burushijeho koroha.

Uburyo bwo kuvura MS bwagiye buhinduka cyane kuva daclizumab yakurwaho. Imiti mishya akenshi itanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza uburwayi hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugira ingaruka zitezwe kandi zicungwa neza, bituma biba uburyo bwiza ku barwayi benshi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Daclizumab

Ese Daclizumab irakwiriye ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima?

Oya, daclizumab ntiyari ikwiriye ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima byari bisanzweho. Uyu muti washoboraga gutera umwijima kubyimba cyane no kwangirika, akaba ariyo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye ukurwa ku isoko.

N'abarwayi bafite imikorere isanzwe y'umwijima basabwaga gukurikiranwa buri kwezi kugira ngo barebe ibibazo by'umwijima mugihe bakoresha daclizumab. Abafite amateka y'uburwayi bw'umwijima ntibari bakwiriye gukoresha uyu muti kubera ibyago byiyongera byo guhura n'ibibazo biteye ubuzima bwabo akaga.

Nigute nakora niba nifashishije daclizumab nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba witunguye ukoresheje daclizumab irenze urugero rwanditswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa serivisi zihutirwa ako kanya. Gukoresha umuti mwinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane ibibazo by'umwijima n'indwara zikomeye.

Nta muti wihariye wari uhari wo kuvura umuti mwinshi wa daclizumab, bityo ubuvuzi bwibanze ku gucunga ibimenyetso no gukurikirana ibibazo. Muganga wawe ashobora kongera inshuro zo gukora ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe ibibazo by'umwijima n'izindi ngaruka zikomeye.

Nigute nakora niba nciweho urugero rwa daclizumab?

Niba warasibye urukingo rwawe rwa buri kwezi rwa daclizumab, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba bishoboka kugira ngo urusubize mu gihe. Imikorere y'umuti yaterwaga no kugumana urwego ruringaniye mu mubiri wawe.

Muganga wawe yagombaga kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gufata urundi rugero rwawe rukurikira hashingiwe ku gihe cyari gishize utarahabwa urukingo rwawe rwa nyuma. Muri rusange, wagombaga guhabwa urugero rwasibwe vuba bishoboka hanyuma ugakomeza gahunda yawe ya buri kwezi isanzwe.

Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata Daclizumab?

Kuva daclizumab yakurwa ku isoko, abarwayi bose bamaze kureka gufata uyu muti. Gukurwaho byakozwe kubera impungenge z'umutekano, cyane cyane ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima byashoboraga guteza akaga ku buzima.

Niba wari warigeze gufata daclizumab, muganga wawe yagufashije kwimukira ku bundi buvuzi bwa MS. Gukura umuti uwo ari wo wose wa MS bisaba ubugenzuzi bw'ubuvuzi bwitondewe kugira ngo birinde kongera gukora kw'indwara no kumenya neza ko hariho uburinzi buhoraho.

Nshobora gufata Daclizumab mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Daclizumab ntiyateganijwe mu gihe cyo gutwita kubera ingaruka zishobora kuba ku mwana ukura. Uyu muti washoboraga kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubudahangarwa bw'umwana uri mu nda kandi bikaba bishobora gutera ibibazo.

Abagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara bafata daclizumab basabwe gukoresha uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro bukora neza mu gihe bavurwa no mu mezi menshi nyuma yo kureka. Niba gutwita byabayeho mu gihe bafata uyu muti, guhura n'abaganga byari ngombwa kugira ngo basuzume ingaruka n'inyungu.