Icyo Dantrolene (inzira yo mu maraso) aricyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo kuyifata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Dantrolene yo mu maraso ni umuti urokora ubuzima ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura hyperthermia mbi, igikorwa gike ariko gikomeye cyane cyane ku miti imwe yo kubaga. Uyu muti ukomeye wo kuruhura imitsi ukora ubuza calcium gusohoka mu ngirangingo z'imitsi, ugufasha kugenzura imitsi ikomeye kandi iteye ubwoba no gushyuha bishobora kubaho mu gihe cy'ubwo buvuzi bwihutirwa.

Nubwo ushobora kuba utarigeze wumva uyu muti mbere, ugira uruhare rukomeye mu byumba byo kubagira no mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye ku isi hose. Kumva uko ikora n'igihe ikoreshwa birashobora kugufasha kumva ufite amakuru menshi yerekeye imiti y'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Dantrolene ni iki?

Dantrolene ni umuti uruhura imitsi uza mu buryo bwo kunywa no mu maraso, naho verisiyo ya IV ikoreshwa mu buvuzi bwihutirwa. Uburyo bwo mu maraso bugenewe by'umwihariko gukora vuba igihe buri munota ubara mu gihe cy'akaga.

Uyu muti ufitanye isano n'icyiciro cyihariye cy'imiti kuko ikora mu buryo butaziguye ku ngirangingo z'imitsi aho gukoresha sisitemu y'imitsi nk'imiti myinshi iruhura imitsi. Tekereza nk'urufunguzo rwihariye rujyana mu ngirangingo z'imitsi kugirango zihagarare gukora mu buryo butagira umutekano.

Uburyo bwa IV busanzwe buboneka mu bitaro no mu bigo byo kubagira nk'igice cy'amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Ntabwo ari ikintu wahura nacyo mu buvuzi busanzwe, ahubwo ni ubuvuzi bwihariye bw'ibihe byihutirwa biteye ubuzima bw'akaga.

Dantrolene ikoreshwa mu iki?

Dantrolene IV ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura hyperthermia mbi, igikorwa giteye ubwoba gishobora kubaho iyo abantu bamwe na bamwe bahuye n'imiti imwe yo kubaga cyangwa imiti iruhura imitsi mu gihe cyo kubaga. Iyi ndwara ituma ubushyuhe bw'umubiri buzamuka vuba mugihe imitsi ikora mu buryo butagira umutekano.

Usibye hyperthermia ya kanseri, abaganga rimwe na rimwe bakoresha dantrolene IV mu bindi bihe by'uburwayi bukomeye bujyanye n'imitsi. Ibi birimo imitsi ikomeye cyane idasubiza ku bundi buvuzi, cyane cyane mu gihe imitsi yihagararaho iteye ubuzima bw'akaga.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, amakipe y'abaganga ashobora gukoresha dantrolene mu kuvura neuroleptic malignant syndrome, uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwitabaza imiti imwe na rimwe ya psychiatrie. Iyi ndwara isa n'iya hyperthermia ya kanseri kandi ishobora kungukira ku bintu bimwe na bimwe byo kuruhura imitsi.

Amashami amwe na amwe y'ubutabazi bwihutirwa nayo agumana dantrolene mu kuboko kugira ngo avure ibibazo bikomeye bya serotonin syndrome cyangwa izindi hyperthermia ziterwa n'imiti iyo imitsi yihagararaho ari ikibazo gikomeye.

Dantrolene ikora ite?

Dantrolene ikora ibuza calcium gusohoka muri selile z'imitsi, ibyo bikabuza imitsi kwikurura. Iyo calcium idashobora kugenda neza imbere mu mikaya, imitsi ntishobora kugumana imikururire yayo ikomeye kandi iteye akaga.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ukomeye cyane kandi ukora vuba iyo utanzwe mu maraso. Bitandukanye n'imiti myinshi iruhura imitsi ikora binyuze mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa umugongo, dantrolene ikora mu buryo butaziguye ku gice cy'imitsi ubwayo, bituma ikora neza mu bihe by'ubutabazi bwihutirwa.

Uyu muti wibanda cyane ku poroteyine yitwa ryanodine receptor, igenzura imigendekere ya calcium muri selile z'imitsi. Mu kubuza iyi receptor, dantrolene mu by'ukuri izimya ubushobozi bw'imitsi bwo kwikurura ku ngufu no mu buryo buhoraho.

Muri iminota mike nyuma yo guhabwa dantrolene IV, abarwayi basanzwe batangira kugaragaza iterambere mu mikururire y'imitsi n'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri. Iki gikorwa cyihuse gituma kitagira agaciro mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa aho igihe ari ingenzi.

Nkwiriye gufata dantrolene nte?

Dantrolene IV buri gihe itangwa n'abaganga bazi gukoresha imiti mu bitaro, bityo ntuzagomba kwitaho kuyifata wowe ubwawe. Uyu muti uza mu ifu igomba kuvangwa n'amazi atagira mikorobe mbere yo guterwa mu urwungano rw'amaraso.

Abaganga basanzwe batanga dantrolene bakoresheje urwungano runini rwa IV kuko uyu muti ushobora kurakaza imitsi mito. Uyu muti uterwa buhoro buhoro mu minota mike kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'uyu muti.

Mugihe cyo kuvurwa, abaganga bazakurikiza umuvuduko w'umutima wawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe. Bazareba kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ko uyu muti ukora, nk'uko kugabanuka kw'imitsi n'ubuhumekero bwiza.

Niba uri muzima mugihe cyo kuvurwa, ushobora kubona ko uyu muti ufite uburyohe busharira cyangwa butera isesemi. Izi ngaruka ni ibisanzwe kandi akenshi ziba igihe gito umubiri wawe ukimenyereza uyu muti.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Giki Ndafata Dantrolene?

Igihe cyo kuvurwa na dantrolene IV giterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihutirwa kandi n'uburyo wemera uyu muti. Mu gihe cyo kurwara hyperthermia mbi, kuvurwa bishobora kumara amasaha menshi kugira ngo barebe ko ikibazo cyose cyakemutse.

Abantu benshi bahabwa imiti myinshi mugihe cyo kuvurwa kwabo, abaganga bagashyira intera hagati yiyi miti bitewe n'uburyo umubiri wawe uyakira. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera kuvurwa mu masaha make, mugihe abandi bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa no guhabwa imiti umunsi umwe cyangwa kurenza.

Nyuma y'ikibazo cyihutirwa, abaganga bakunze guhindurira abarwayi dantrolene yo kunywa kugira ngo birinde ko uburwayi bugaruka. Iyi mpinduka akenshi iba igihe wemeye imiti kandi ushobora gufata imiti unywa.

Abaganga bawe bazafata ibyemezo byose bijyanye n'igihe cyo gukomeza kuvurwa bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe by'ubuzima, ibisubizo byo muri laboratori, n'uburyo rusange bwo kuvurwa. Ntibazigera bahagarika uyu muti kugeza igihe bizera ko ikibazo cyarangiye.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara bya Dantrolene?

Nubwo dantrolene IV ikiza ubuzima, ishobora gutera ibikorwa bigaragara bitandukanye abaganga bawe bazakurikirana neza. Ibikorwa bisanzwe birimo isesemi, kuruka, no kunanuka muri rusange uko imitsi yawe iruhuka.

Dore ibikorwa bigaragara ushobora guhura nabyo mugihe uvurwa:

• Isememi no kuruka
• Umunaniro w'imitsi mu mubiri wawe wose
• Gusinzira cyangwa urujijo
• Kugorwa no guhumeka (bitewe n'intege nke z'imitsi ihumeka)
• Umubyimba muke w'amaraso
• Umutima utera nabi
• Urubavu cyangwa uburibwe ahaterwa urushinge

Ibi bikorwa muri rusange birashoboka kubicunga mumavuriro aho ukurikiranywa neza. Ibikorwa bigaragara byinshi birakosoka mugihe imiti igenda kandi umubiri wawe ukoroherwa n'igihe cy'uburwayi.

Ibikorwa bigaragara bikomeye ariko bidasanzwe birimo ingorane zikomeye zo guhumeka zisaba gufashwa na mashini, umubyimba muke w'amaraso, cyangwa ibibazo by'umutima. Abaganga bawe bafite imyitozo yo guhangana n'izi ngorane zirambye.

Abantu bamwe bahura n'intege nke z'imitsi zimara iminsi myinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa, niyo mpamvu abaganga bakunze gushishikariza kuruhuka no gusubira buhoro buhoro mubikorwa bisanzwe. Ubu bunaniro busanzwe bukira rwose mugihe imiti iva mumubiri wawe.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Dantrolene?

Hariho impamvu nkeya zo kwirinda dantrolene IV mugihe cy'uburwayi buteye ubuzima bw'akaga, kuko akamaro gasanzwe karusha ibyago. Ariko, abaganga bawe bazatekereza ibintu bimwe na bimwe mbere yo gutanga iyi miti.

Abantu bafite indwara ikomeye y'umwijima bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa byihariye mugihe bavurwa, kuko dantrolene ishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere y'umwijima. Abaganga bawe bazagereranya akaga ako kanya k'uburwayi bwawe n'ibishobora guterwa n'umwijima.

Niba warigeze kurwara indwara ikomeye y’ibihaha cyangwa ugahura n’ibibazo byo guhumeka, itsinda ry’abaganga bazitondera cyane ibijyanye no gukurikirana imikorere y’ubuhumekero mu gihe cy’imiti. Uyu muti ushobora kunaniza imitsi ifasha mu guhumeka, ibyo bikaba bishobora guteza impungenge ku bantu bafite ibibazo by’ibihaha.

Abagore batwite bashobora guhabwa dantrolene niba bibaye ngombwa mu gihe cy’uburwayi buteye ubuzima bwabo akaga, ariko abaganga bazatekereza neza ku ngaruka zabyo ku mubyeyi no ku mwana. Uyu muti ushobora kwambuka umura, ariko kubaho kw’umubyeyi ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi.

Abantu bafite allergie kuri dantrolene bagomba kuyirinda igihe bibaye gishoboka, nubwo hari imiti yindi ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura hyperthermie mbi. Itsinda ry’abaganga rishobora kuyikoresha kabone n’iyo waba ufite allergie, niba ubuzima bwawe buri mu kaga.

Amazina y’ubwoko bwa Dantrolene

Dantrolene IV ikunze kuboneka ku izina ry’ubwoko rya Dantrium, rikaba ari ryo ryemewe cyane mu bitaro no mu bigo by’ubuvuzi. Ubu bwoko bumaze imyaka myinshi bukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Izina ry’ubundi bwoko ushobora guhura na ryo ni Revonto, rikaba ari uburyo bushya bwashyizweho kugira ngo rushonga vuba iyo rivanzwe n’amazi. Ibi bishobora gufasha mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa igihe buri segonda rifite agaciro.

Ibitaro bimwe na bimwe bishobora kubyita gusa “dantrolene sodium yo guterwa mu nshinge” igihe bavuga ku buvuzi bwawe. Hatitawe ku izina ry’ubwoko, ubwoko bwose bwa IV dantrolene bukora kimwe kandi bugira akamaro kamwe.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko aya mazina y’ubwoko yose akubiyemo ikintu kimwe gikora kandi gitanga akamaro kamwe ko kurokora ubuzima mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Uburyo bwo gusimbura Dantrolene

Nta buryo bwo gusimbura dantrolene mu kuvura hyperthermie mbi, ni yo mpamvu ifatwa nk’umuti w’ingenzi. Nta wundi muti ukora mu buryo bumwe bwo guhagarika irekurwa rya calcium mu ngirangingo z’imitsi.

Ku bindi bice byo gukomera kw'imitsi cyangwa gukakara, abaganga bashobora gukoresha imiti nka baclofen, diazepam, cyangwa indi miti igabanya imitsi. Ariko, iyi ikora ikoresheje uburyo butandukanye kandi ntigira akamaro kuri hyperthermia mbi.

Mu bice bimwe bya hyperthermia iterwa n'imiti, ubufasha bufasha hamwe n'ibitanda bikonjesha, amazi ya IV, n'indi miti bishobora gufasha hamwe na dantrolene. Ariko ibi ni imiti yunganira, ntabwo ari isimbura.

Iyi niyo mpamvu ibitaro bikora ibikorwa byo kubaga bisabwa kugira dantrolene ihari. Kugira uyu muti wihariye ku ruhande bishobora kuvuga mu buryo bw'ukuri itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubuzima n'urupfu ku barwayi bashobora kwandura.

Ese Dantrolene iruta indi miti igabanya imitsi?

Dantrolene ntigomba kuba "iruta" indi miti igabanya imitsi yo gukoresha muri rusange, ariko ifite akamaro kadasanzwe kubijyanye n'ubuzima buteye akaga. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ku ngingo z'imitsi butuma idasimbuka kuri hyperthermia mbi.

Ku gukomera kw'imitsi cyangwa kubabara, indi miti igabanya imitsi nka baclofen cyangwa tizanidine bishobora kuba bikwiye kandi bigatera ingaruka nke. Iyi miti ikora ikoresheje sisitemu yawe y'imitsi aho gukora ku gice cy'imitsi.

Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko dantrolene yagenewe ibihe byihutirwa aho gukora imitsi vuba kandi bikomeye bikenewe kugirango hakize ubuzima. Indi miti igabanya imitsi ikwiriye cyane kubijyanye n'indwara zirambye cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi bidakomeye.

Tekereza dantrolene nk'igikoresho cyihariye cyihutirwa aho kuba umuti ugabanya imitsi muri rusange. Niyo hitamo ryiza iyo ukeneye uburyo bwayo bwihariye bwo gukora, ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa kubibazo byimitsi bya buri munsi.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri Dantrolene

Ese Dantrolene irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Dantrolene irashobora guhabwa abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima iyo bikenewe mu gihe cy'ihutirwa rishobora gutera urupfu nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa malignant. Ariko, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana umuvuduko w'umutima wawe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso cyane mugihe cy'imiti.

Imiti rimwe na rimwe irashobora gutera umuvuduko w'umutima utajegajega cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso muke, ibyo bishobora guhangayikisha abantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima. Abaganga bawe bazaba bafite imiti n'ibikoresho byiteguye gucunga ibyo byose bibayeho.

Mu bihe by'ihutirwa, akaga gakomeye kavuye kuri malignant hyperthermia akenshi karuta ibyago by'umutima biturutse kuri dantrolene. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizahitamo ibi hashingiwe ku miterere yawe yihariye n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mbonye dantrolene nyinshi ku buryo butunguranye?

Ntabwo ukeneye guhangayika kubera kubona dantrolene nyinshi ku buryo butunguranye, kuko itangwa gusa n'abantu b'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi bazi neza uko babara urugero rukwiye rishingiye ku gipimo cyawe n'ubuzima bwawe. Amabwiriza y'ibitaro arimo ibizamini byinshi by'umutekano kugirango birinde amakosa yo gutanga imiti.

Niba overdose yaba, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ryahita ritangira ubufasha burimo gufasha guhumeka niba bikenewe, gufasha umuvuduko w'amaraso, no gukurikirana hafi ibimenyetso byose by'ingenzi. Nta muti wihariye wa dantrolene, bityo kuvura byibanda ku gucunga ibimenyetso.

Ibimenyetso bya dantrolene nyinshi birimo intege nke zikomeye z'imitsi, guhumeka bigoye, umuvuduko w'amaraso muke cyane, no gusinzira cyane. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ryatojwe kumenya no kuvura ibyo bimenyetso vuba kandi neza.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa dantrolene?

Kuva dantrolene IV itangwa gusa mu bitaro mugihe cy'ihutirwa ry'ubuvuzi, ntuzakenera guhangayika kubera gucikwa urugero. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha kubona imiti neza igihe cyose n'uburyo uyikeneye.

Niba nyuma wandikiwe dantrolene yo kunywa kugira ngo ukomeze kuvurwa uri mu rugo, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yo gukora niba wibagiwe urugero. Muri rusange, ugomba gufata urugero wibagiwe ako kanya wibukiye, keretse igihe cyo gufata urugero rukurikira kigeze.

Ntugasubiremo urugero rwa dantrolene utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi nk'intege nke z'imitsi cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Nshobora Kureka Gufata Dantrolene Ryari?

Ku bijyanye na dantrolene yo guterwa mu maraso itangwa mu gihe cy'ubutabazi, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizafata icyemezo cyo kureka umuti hashingiwe ku gukira kwawe n'ibimenyetso by'ubuzima. Ntabwo uzagomba gufata iki cyemezo wenyine, kuko bisaba ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe cyiza cyo guhagarika.

Niba wandikiwe dantrolene yo kunywa kugira ngo ukomeze kuvurwa uri mu rugo, ntuzigere uhagarika kuyifata ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. Guhagarika vuba bishobora gutuma imitsi ikora cyane ikagaruka.

Muganga wawe azagabanya urugero rwawe buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gishira aho guhagarika ako kanya. Ibi bifasha kwirinda ibibazo byose by'imitsi bigaruka kandi bituma umubiri wawe uhinduka neza utariho umuti.

Nshobora Gutwara Imodoka Nyuma yo Gufata Dantrolene?

Ntugomba gutwara imodoka cyangwa gukoresha imashini byibuze amasaha 24-48 nyuma yo gufata dantrolene yo guterwa mu maraso, kuko umuti ushobora gutera gusinzira, intege nke z'imitsi, n'ubwitonzi bishobora gutuma gutwara imodoka bigira akaga.

N'iyo wumva umeze neza, umuti ushobora kuba ugihindura imikorere yawe n'igihe cyo gusubiza. Muganga wawe azakugira inama igihe bizaba byemewe gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe nko gutwara imodoka hashingiwe ku gukira kwawe.

Niba ufata dantrolene yo kunywa uri mu rugo, ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'inzitizi zo gutwara imodoka. Abantu bamwe barashobora gutwara imodoka bakoresha urugero ruto, mu gihe abandi bagomba kwirinda gutwara imodoka rwose kugeza barangije kuvurwa.