Icyo Diethyltoluamide (DEET) ari cyo: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Diethyltoluamide, izwi cyane nka DEET, ni umwe mu miti irinda udukoko ikora neza cyane ubu. Uyu muti ukorwa mu buryo bwa gihanga umaze imyaka irenga 70 urinda abantu imibu, inzoka, n'utundi dukoko turuma. Uzabona DEET mu miti myinshi ikoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko n'amavuta, aho ikora ikora nk'urukuta udukoko tutashaka kurenga.

Icyo Diethyltoluamide (DEET) ari cyo?

DEET ni umuti ukorwa mu buryo bwa gihanga ukora nk'umuti wirinda udukoko iyo ushyizwe ku ruhu rwawe cyangwa ku myenda yawe. Izina ryuzuye ry'uyu muti ni N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, ariko buri wese awita DEET kugira ngo byoroshye. Uyu muti wabanje gukorwa n'ingabo za Amerika mu 1946, hanyuma utangira gukoreshwa n'abantu bose mu 1957.

Tekereza DEET nk'uko ikora nk'ingabo itagaragara ikugose, udukoko tutishimira. Bitandukanye n'imiti yica udukoko, DEET ituma utaba mwiza kuri two. Ifatwa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu miti irinda udukoko kuko ikora ku bwoko bwinshi bw'udukoko turuma harimo imibu, inzoka, imigara, udusimba duto, n'utundi dukoko duto.

DEET ikoreshwa mu iki?

DEET ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwirinda kuribwa n'udukoko n'indwara dushobora gutera. Uzashaka kuyikoresha igihe umara hanze, cyane cyane ahantu imibu n'inzoka zikunda kuboneka. Ibi birimo gukambura, kugenda mu misozi, guhinga, cyangwa kwishimira urugo rwawe mu gihe cy'udukoko twinshi.

Uburinzi DEET itanga burenga gusa ibyishimo. Ishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara zikomeye ziterwa n'imibu nka virusi ya West Nile, virusi ya Zika, umuriro wa dengue, na malariya ahantu ziboneka. Ku nzoka, DEET ifasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Lyme, umuriro wa Rocky Mountain, n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'inzoka.

Ushobora kandi gukoresha ibicuruzwa birimo DEET mugihe ugenda mubihe by'ubushyuhe cyangwa subtropical aho indwara ziterwa n'udukoko zikunda kugaragara. Abahanga benshi mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'urugendo basaba DEET nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo kwirinda muri ibyo bice.

DEET ikora ite?

DEET ikora ihungabanya ubushobozi bw'udukoko bwo kumenya ko uri ifunguro rishoboka. Imibu n'ibindi dukoko turuma dukoresha ibyuma byihariye kugirango tubone abantu dukoresha kubona karuboni diyokiside duhumeka, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wacu, n'imiti imwe n'imwe ku ruhu rwacu. DEET mu by'ukuri ifunga ibyo byuma, bigatuma bigorana cyane ko udukoko tugushaka.

Ibi ni umuti ukomeye kandi ukora neza cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko DEET ishobora gutanga uburinzi mu masaha menshi, hamwe n'ibice byinshi biramba. Igicuruzwa cya 10% DEET gishobora kukurinda hafi amasaha 2, mugihe igice cya 30% gishobora gukora kugeza ku masaha 6.

Uburyo bukora ntibwiyongera cyane hamwe n'ibice byinshi, ariko igihe cyo kurinda kiriyongera. Ibice birenga 30% ntibitanga uburinzi burushijeho, ariko biramara igihe kirekire, niyo mpamvu uzabona gake ibicuruzwa bifite DEET irenga 30-35%.

Nkwiriye gukoresha DEET nte?

Shyira ibicuruzwa bya DEET ku ruhu rugaragara n'imyenda, ariko wirinde kubishyira ku ntoki zawe niba bishoboka kuko ushobora kubyimura mu maso yawe cyangwa mu kanwa kawe. Tangira n'urwego ruto, ruringaniye hanyuma wongere gusa mugihe uburinzi busa nkaho burangira, akenshi bigaragazwa n'udukoko twongera kugushimisha.

Ntabwo ukeneye gushyira DEET hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi, bitandukanye n'imiti yo kunywa. Ariko, ugomba kubishyira nyuma ya sunscreen niba ukoresha ibicuruzwa byombi. Reka sunscreen yinjire mumasegonda make, hanyuma ushyire umuti wa DEET hejuru.

Igihe ugiye kuyisiga ku maso yawe, banza uvugirize umuti mu ntoki zawe, hanyuma uze ushyireho witonze wirinda amaso yawe, umunwa wawe, n'agace gakikije izuru ryawe. Ku bana, buri gihe jya ushyiraho umuti ubwawe aho kubareka kubikora.

Umaze kwinjira mu nzu, oza DEET ku ruhu rwawe ukoresheje isabune n'amazi, cyane cyane niba utazongera gusohoka. Ibi bifasha kwirinda guhura nawo bitari ngombwa kandi bikuraho icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kumva umuti usigaye ku ruhu rwawe.

Nzakoresha DEET igihe kingana iki?

Ukwiye gukoresha DEET gusa igihe ukeneye kurengerwa n'udukoko, ntabwo ari nk'umuti ukoreshwa buri munsi. Ujye uyisiga mbere yo kujya ahantu witeze guhura n'udukoko turuma, hanyuma uyogeho igihe ugarutse mu nzu cyangwa utakigikeneye kurengerwa.

Ku bantu benshi, gukoresha DEET mu gihe cy'udukoko gusa ni byiza rwose. Ibi bishobora gusobanura kuyikoresha buri gihe mu gihe cy'impeshyi niba umara igihe kinini hanze, ariko ukabihagarika mu gihe cy'imbeho igihe ibikorwa by'udukoko bigabanuka.

Niba urimo kujya ahantu hari indwara ziterwa n'udukoko, ushobora gukoresha DEET buri munsi mu gihe cy'urugendo rwawe. Uku gukoresha igihe gito ariko cyane bifatwa nk'ibifite umutekano ku bantu benshi iyo ukurikiza amabwiriza y'umuti.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na DEET?

Abantu benshi bashobora gukoresha DEET neza nta ngaruka nyinshi. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ni bike kandi bibaho ahantu washyizeho umuti. Ibi birimo kuribwa ku ruhu, gutukura, cyangwa kumva urushye gato, cyane cyane niba ufite uruhu rworoshye.

Dore ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo, dutangiriye ku zisanzwe cyane:

• Uburibwe bw'uruhu: Umutuku woroshye, gucyura, cyangwa gushya ahantu hashyizweho umuti
• Kumva bimeze nk'ibifata cyangwa amavuta: Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bisiga ibisigisigi bituma umuntu yumva atishimye
• Uburibwe bw'amaso: Niba DEET yageze mu maso ku buryo butunguranye, bishobora gutera gushya no kurira
• Urukerereza: Biragoye ariko birashoboka, harimo ibibara, imyatsi, cyangwa kubyimba
• Uburibwe bwo mu myuka: Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura no gukorora cyangwa kuribwa mu muhogo biturutse ku guhumeka ibicuruzwa byo gutera umwuka

Ibi bikorwa muri rusange biroroshye kandi bikemuka vuba iyo wiyuhagiyemo igicuruzwa. Abantu benshi basanga guhindurira ku gipimo gito cyangwa uburyo butandukanye bifasha niba bahuye n'uburibwe.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane ariko zishobora kubaho iyo bikoreshejwe nabi cyangwa birenze urugero. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibimenyetso byo mu bwonko nk'urujijo, guhinduka kw'imitekerereze, cyangwa kugorana kwibanda. Ibyo bikorwa ntibisanzwe cyane kandi bikunda kubaho gusa iyo DEET ikoreshejwe nabi, nko gushyiraho byinshi cyane kenshi cyangwa kuyimira ku buryo butunguranye.

Ninde utagomba gukoresha DEET?

DEET iratekanye ku bantu benshi, ariko amatsinda amwe agomba kuyikoresha yitonda cyane cyangwa akayirinda rwose. Abana bari munsi y'amezi 2 ntibagomba gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya DEET kuko uruhu rwabo rworoshye kandi imikorere yabo iracyatera imbere.

Abantu bafite uruhu rworoshye cyane cyangwa abigeze guhura n'ibibazo by'urugero rwa DEET mu bihe byashize bagomba gushaka ibindi bisimbura. Niba ufite eczema, dermatitis, cyangwa izindi ndwara z'uruhu, gerageza ahantu hato mbere cyangwa ugishe inama muganga wawe mbere yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya DEET.

Abagore batwite kandi bonka bashobora muri rusange gukoresha DEET neza, ariko benshi bakunda gukoresha ibipimo bito cyangwa ibindi bisimbura muri iki gihe. CDC ifata DEET nk'itekaniye mugihe cyo gutwita iyo ikoreshwa nkuko byategetswe.

Niba ufite uburwayi ubwo aribwo bwose bwo mu bwonko cyangwa ufata imiti igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi yawe, ganira n'umuganga wawe mbere yo gukoresha DEET buri gihe. Nubwo imikoranire idakunze kubaho, ni byiza buri gihe kubisuzuma iyo ufite uburwayi.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa DEET

Uzabona DEET mu bwoko bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa birukana udukoko, nubwo ubwinshi n'imikorere bitandukanye. Mu bwoko buzwi harimo OFF!, Cutter, Repel, na Deep Woods OFF!, buri kimwe gitanga ubwinshi bwa DEET butandukanye kuva kuri 7% kugeza kuri 30%.

Ibicuruzwa byinshi birukana udukoko bya rusange cyangwa by'amoko y'amaduka nabyo birimo DEET kandi bikora neza nk'amazina y'amoko. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukureba urutonde rw'ibigize ibicuruzwa bigira akamaro hanyuma ugahitamo ubwinshi bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye n'igihe ushaka ko bikurinda.

Amoko amwe avanga DEET n'ibindi bintu nk'aloe vera cyangwa vitamine E kugirango bagabanye uburibwe bw'uruhu, mu gihe abandi bashyira imbaraga mu buryo butandukanye bwo kubikora nk'ibipfukisho, amavuta, cyangwa imiti yo kuvomerera aho gukoresha aerosols.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza DEET

Niba DEET atagukwiriye, hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bukora neza. Picaridin ni umuti uvangwa ukora kimwe na DEET ariko akenshi yumvikana ko atuma uruhu rwangirika cyane kandi ntugire impumuro nyinshi. Ni kimwe mu kurinda imibu n'utundi dukoko kandi birashoboka ko bitabangamira uruhu rworoshye.

Amavuta ya lemon eucalyptus (OLE) ni uburyo bushingiye ku bimera CDC yemera ko bukora neza. Itanga uburinzi mu isaha zigera kuri 2 kandi ifite impumuro nziza ya citrus, nubwo bishobora kutamara igihe kirekire nka DEET cyangwa picaridin.

Permethrin itandukanye n'ibindi birukana udukoko kuko uyishyira ku myenda n'ibikoresho, ntabwo uyishyira ku ruhu. Mu by'ukuri yica udukoko iyo ihuye natwo kandi irashobora kumara igihe kinini nyuma yo gukaraba, bigatuma ikwiriye cyane ibikoresho byo gukambinga n'imyenda yo ku kazi.

Uburyo bwa kamere nk'icyitwa citronella, amavuta ya peppermint, cyangwa lavender bishobora gutanga uburinzi, ariko muri rusange ntibigira ingaruka nyinshi kandi ntibimara igihe kirekire nk'ibitera ubwoba by'imiterere. Bikora neza cyane ku bikorwa byo hanze byoroheje ahantu hari ibikururuka bike.

Ese DEET iruta Picaridin?

DEET na picaridin byombi ni ibitera ubwoba byiza cyane, ariko bifite imbaraga zitandukanye. DEET imaze igihe kirekire kandi ifite ubushakashatsi bwinshi bushingiye ku mikorere yayo, naho picaridin ni nshya ariko akenshi ikundwa kubera uko yumva n'impumuro yayo.

Mu bijyanye no kurinda, byombi bikora kimwe neza ku mibu n'utundi dukoko. DEET ishobora kugira akarusho ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibishwi n'utundi dukoko duto, naho picaridin ikora neza mu kwirukana utundi dukoko. Guhitamo akenshi biterwa n'icyo umuntu akunda n'ubworoherane bw'uruhu.

Picaridin yumva itagira amavuta menshi, ntigira impumuro, kandi ntishobora kwangiza plastike cyangwa imyenda y'imiterere. Ku rundi ruhande, DEET imaze imyaka mirongo ikoreshwa kandi birashoboka ko byoroshye kubona mu maduka. Byombi bifatwa nkibifite umutekano iyo bikoreshejwe nkuko byategetswe.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri DEET

Ese DEET irakwiriye abana?

Yego, DEET irakwiriye abana bafite amezi arenga 2 iyo ikoreshejwe neza. Ishuri ry’Abanyamerika ry’abana ritegeka gukoresha ibicuruzwa bitarenze 30% ya DEET ku bana, kandi abaganga benshi b’abana basaba gutangira n’ibicuruzwa bifite ibipimo bito nka 10-15% ku bana bato.

Shyira DEET ku bana ubwawe aho kubareka babikore, kandi wirinde kubishyira ku ntoki zabo kuko abana bakunda gushyira intoki zabo mu kanwa. Buri gihe ubimese iyo bageze mu nzu, kandi ntuzigere ubishyira munsi yimyenda aho bishobora kwinjizwa byoroshye.

Ninkora iki niba nkoresheje DEET nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba ushyizeho DEET nyinshi cyane, karaba ako gace ako kanya n'isabune n'amazi ashyushye. Kura imyenda yose irimo umuti urenze urugero. Niba wumva uruhu rurashye, ushobora gushyiraho akatambaro gakonje kandi gatose ku gice cyagize ikibazo.

Niba DEET yageze mu maso yawe, uyakarabe neza n'amazi meza byibuze iminota 15. Niba unyoye DEET utabishaka, ntukoreshe uburyo bwo kuruka, ahubwo nywa amazi kandi vugana na serivisi zigenzura uburozi cyangwa umuganga wawe ako kanya.

Reba ibimenyetso byo kwishyiraho cyane nko kuribwa kw'uruhu, kubabara umutwe, cyangwa isesemi. Nubwo ibisubizo bikomeye bidasanzwe, shakisha ubufasha bw'abaganga niba wumva urujijo, impinduka z'amarangamutima, cyangwa kugorana kwibanda nyuma yo gukoresha DEET.

Nigomba gukora iki niba nirengagije gushyiraho DEET?

Niba wibagiwe gushyiraho DEET mbere yo kujya hanze, uyishyireho uko wibuka, cyane cyane niba ubona ibikorwa by'udukoko. Ntabwo birareba gukora ibyo kwirinda, kandi DEET itangira gukora ako kanya nyuma yo gushyirwaho.

Ntushyireho DEET yinyongera kugirango usubizeho iyo utashyizeho. Koresha gusa umubare usanzwe kandi wongere kuyishyiraho ukurikije amabwiriza y'ibicuruzwa hashingiwe igihe wayishyizeho bwa mbere, atari igihe wari warateganyije kuyishyiraho.

Nshobora kureka gukoresha DEET ryari?

Ushobora kureka gukoresha DEET igihe ibikorwa by'udukoko bigabanuka, akenshi iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse mu gihe cy'urugwa n'imbeho. Abantu benshi ntibakeneye umuti wirinda udukoko iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 50°F (10°C), kuko ibikorwa by'imibu n'isazi biba bike.

Niba ukoresha DEET mu rugendo rwo kwirinda indwara, urashobora kureka igihe ugarutse mu rugo, wibwira ko utari ahantu hari indwara ziterwa n'udukoko. Buri gihe karaba DEET igihe utakiri gukenera kurindwa, kabone niyo uteganya kongera kuyishyiraho nyuma.

Nshobora gukoresha DEET hamwe na sunscreen?

Yego, ushobora gukoresha DEET hamwe na sunscreen, ariko ubyishyireho mu buryo bukwiye. Shyiraho sunscreen mbere hanyuma uyireke imare iminota mike, hanyuma ushyireho umuti wa DEET hejuru. Ibi bituma ibicuruzwa byombi bikora neza.

Irinda ibicuruzwa bivanzemo bikubiyemo sunscreen na DEET, kuko akenshi bisaba gahunda zitandukanye zo kongera kubishyiraho. Sunscreen akenshi ikenera kongera gushyirwaho buri masaha 2, mugihe DEET imara igihe kirekire, bityo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biguha uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura uburinzi bwawe.