Urukingo rwa Diphtheria na Tetanus: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Urukingo rwa diphtheria na tetanus ni urukingo rufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobe ebyiri zikomeye. Urukingo ruhuza imiti y'ubwirinzi yigisha urugero rwawe rw'ubwirinzi kumenya no kurwanya indwara ya diphtheria (indwara yo mu muhogo no guhumeka) na tetanus (indwara ituma imitsi iparalize akenshi yitwa "lockjaw"). Kubona uru rukingo ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe bwo kwirinda wowe n'abandi mu muryango wawe izi ndwara zishobora gutera urupfu.

Urukingo rwa Diphtheria na Tetanus ni iki?

Urukingo rwa diphtheria na tetanus rukubiyemo uburozi butagira akamaro buturuka kuri mikorobe ziteza izi ndwara zombi. Ubu burozi, bwitwa toxoids, bwavuwe kugirango bukurweho ingaruka zabyo mbi mugihe bukomeza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gushishikariza urugero rwawe rw'ubwirinzi. Iyo wakiriye uru rukingo, umubiri wawe wigira gukora imibiri irwanya indwara zombi utarwara.

Uru rukingo ruza mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'imyaka yawe n'ibyo ukeneye. Uburyo busanzwe burimo Td (tetanus-diphtheria) kubantu bakuru n'ingimbi, na DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) kubana bato. Umuganga wawe azagena uburyo bukugirira neza bitewe n'imyaka yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'uko wikingije ubu.

Urukingo rwa Diphtheria na Tetanus rukoreshwa kubera iki?

Uru rukingo rurinda indwara ebyiri zikomeye ziterwa na mikorobe zishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye cyangwa urupfu. Diphtheria itera igitwikiri cyinini mu muhogo wawe gishobora guhagarika inzira yawe yo guhumeka, mugihe tetanus itera imitsi kubabara bikaba byica. Zombi zombi zarakomye mu bihugu bifite gahunda zikomeye zo gukingira, ariko ziracyabaho ahantu hari urwego rwo gukingira ruto.

Ushobora gukenera uru rukingo nk'igice cy'inkingo zisanzwe z'abana, nk'urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga buri myaka 10, cyangwa nyuma yo gukomereka. Abaganga b'ubuzima barubwira kandi abajya mu mahanga basura ahantu izi ndwara zikunda kuboneka. Abagore batwite bashobora guhabwa urukingo rurinda na pertussis (inkorora y'urukozasoni) kugira ngo rufashe kurengera impinja zabo.

Urukingo rwa Diphtheria na Tetanus rukora rute?

Uru rukingo rukora rwigisha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya uburozi buturuka ku mikorobe ya diphtheria na tetanus. Iyo uhabwa urukingo, umubiri wawe ufata uburozi butagikora nk'abantu b'abanyamahanga kandi ukarema imbaraga zo kubarwanya. Ubu buryo busaba ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo umubiri wose urindwe.

Uru rukingo rufatwa nk'urufite akamaro kanini, rutanga uburinzi bukomeye mu myaka myinshi. Ariko, ubudahangarwa bwawe bugenda bugabanuka uko imyaka yicuma, ni yo mpamvu ukeneye inkingo zo kongera imbaraga buri myaka 10 kugira ngo urinde umubiri wawe. Uru rukingo rukomeye bihagije kugira ngo rutange ubudahangarwa bwizewe kandi burambye iyo rutanzwe hakurikijwe gahunda isabwa.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa Diphtheria na Tetanus nte?

Uru rukingo rutangwa nk'urushinge mu gice cy'umubiri wo hejuru w'ukuboko kwawe n'umuganga. Ntabwo ukeneye kurufata hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi kuko rutangwa mu gice cy'imitsi yawe. Ahantu urushinge rwashyizwe hashobora kumva harababaye cyangwa haraguye umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma, ibyo ni ibisanzwe.

Mbere yo kujya mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi, urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe kandi ntugomba kwirinda ibiryo runaka. Ariko, menyesha umuganga wawe niba wumva utameze neza ufite umuriro cyangwa indwara ikomeye, kuko bashobora gusaba ko urukingo rusubikwa kugeza wumva umeze neza. Ibimenyetso byoroheje by'ibicurane mubisanzwe ntibibuza ko wikingiza.

Nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo, bifasha gukora imyitozo yoroheje y'ukuboko kwawe umunsi wose kugira ngo ugabanye kuribwa. Ushobora gushyira akantu gakonje kandi gatose ahantu batera urukingo niba bitangiye kutagenda neza. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Nzakoresha urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi igihe kingana iki?

Urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi si ikintu ukoresha buri munsi nk'umuti wa buri munsi. Ahubwo, uruhabwa mu nkingo zikurikirana mu gihe runaka kugira ngo wubake kandi ukomeze ubudahangarwa bwawe. Urukurikirane rwa mbere rukunze kuba rugizwe n'inkingo nyinshi zitangwa mu mezi menshi, bikurikirwa n'inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa buri myaka 10 mu buzima bwawe bwose.

Ku bantu bakuru batarakingiwe cyangwa batazi neza amateka yabo y'inkingo, urukurikirane rwa mbere rukunze kuba rugizwe n'inkingo eshatu zitangwa mu gihe cy'amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12. Abana bahabwa inkingo zabo hakurikijwe gahunda yihariye itangira ku mezi 2 y'amavuko. Umuganga wawe azakomeza gukurikirana igihe uzakenera urukingo rwawe rukurikira.

Ubu buryo bw'ubuzima bwose butuma ukomeza kurengerwa cyane kurwanya indwara zombi. N'iyo waba warangije urukurikirane rwa mbere, uzakenera izo nkingo zongera ubudahangarwa buri gihe kuko ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanuka mu gihe runaka. Kudahabwa inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa bishobora gutuma wibasirwa n'indwara.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi?

Abantu benshi bahura n'ingaruka zoroheje gusa ziterwa n'urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi, kandi benshi ntibagira ingaruka na mba. Igisubizo gikunze kugaragara ni kuribwa, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu batera urukingo, ibyo bikunze kumara iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 2. Abantu bamwe kandi barumva bananiwe cyangwa bagira umutwe woroheje mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Dore ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ushobora guhura nazo, kandi ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibi ari ibimenyetso sisitemu yawe y'ubudahangarwa isubiza mu buryo busanzwe ku rukingo:

• Urubabare, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba aho watewe urukingo
• Urubavu ruto (muri rusange ruri munsi ya 101°F cyangwa 38°C)
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa utameze neza muri rusange
• Umutwe cyangwa kubabara umubiri gake
• Isesemi cyangwa kugabanya ubushake bwo kurya
• Imitsi yabyimbye hafi yaho batera urukingo

Ibi bikorwa mubisanzwe bikira byonyine mu minsi mike kandi bishobora guhangana nabyo hakoreshwa imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga no kuruhuka niba bikenewe.

Nubwo bidakunze kubaho, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zigaragara cyane zigikubiye mu bisanzwe byo kwikingiza:

• Urubabare rwinshi rw'ukuboko rubuza umuntu kugenda umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri
• Urubavu ruri hagati ya 101-102°F (38-39°C)
• Kumva unaniwe cyane cyangwa warushywe mu minsi myinshi
• Kubabara imitsi mu mubiri wawe wose
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya by'igihe gito
• Uruhu ruto hafi yaho batera urukingo

Izi ngaruka, nubwo zitameze neza, ni iz'igihe gito kandi zerekana ko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ruri kubaka ubwirinzi ku ndwara.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake ariko zishobora kubaho, kandi ni ngombwa kuzimenya kugirango ushobore gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga niba bikenewe:

• Urugero rukomeye rwo kwanga ibintu (kubura umwuka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, uruhu rwagutse)
• Urubavu rwinshi ruri hejuru ya 103°F (39.5°C)
• Urubabare rukomeye, rudahoraho cyangwa kubyimba bikomeza nyuma y'iminsi 2-3
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura ahaterwa urukingo (kongera umutuku, gushyuha, amashyira)
• Umunaniro udasanzwe cyangwa gucika intege mu kuboko kwawe
• Kuruka kudahagarara cyangwa umutwe ukabije

Niba uhuye n'ibyo bimenyetso bikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa bwa muganga.

Ninde utagomba gufata urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi?

Mugihe urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi rufitiye abantu benshi umutekano, hari abantu bamwe na bamwe bagomba kurwanga cyangwa gutinda kuruhabwa. Niba waragize allergie ikomeye ku rucandwa rwa mbere rw'uru rukingo cyangwa ibikoresho byarwo, ntugomba kongera kuruhabwa. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba uri muri uru rwego.

Abantu barwaye cyangwa barwaye cyane bagomba gutegereza kugeza bakize mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi ntibishingiye ku ndwara ntoya nk'inkorora yoroheje, ariko niba ufite umuriro cyangwa wumva utameze neza, biruta gutinda urukingo. Ibi bifasha kumenya neza ko umubiri wawe ushobora gusubiza neza urukingo.

Dore ibihe byihariye ugomba kuganiraho urukingo neza n'umuganga wawe:

• Allergie ikomeye ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose cy'urukingo rwa mbere
• Amateka ya syndrome ya Guillain-Barré mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 6 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa tetanusi rwa mbere
• Uburwayi buri hagati cyangwa bukomeye hamwe n'umuriro
• Indwara zituma amaraso ava cyangwa gufata imiti ituma amaraso atavura
• Umubiri udakora neza kubera indwara cyangwa imiti
• Gusama (nubwo ubwoko bumwe na bumwe busabwa mugihe cyo gutwita)

Umuganga wawe azagereranya inyungu n'ibibazo bishingiye ku miterere yawe bwite kandi ashobora gusaba impinduka ku ngengabihe isanzwe yo gukingira.

Amazina y'ubwoko bw'urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi

Urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi ruboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, bitewe n'uruvange rwihariye n'umukora. Amazina asanzwe y'ubwoko arimo Tenivac na Td Generic kubijyanye n'abantu bakuru ba tetanusi-difiteriya. Kubana, inkingo za DTaP ziboneka nka Daptacel na Infanrix.

Umuvuzi wawe w'ubuzima azahitamo ubwoko bukwiye cyane bushingiye ku myaka yawe, ibyo ukeneye ku buzima, n'ibiboneka. Ubwoko bwose bwemewe buhura n'amabwiriza amwe y'umutekano n'ubushobozi, bityo ubwoko bwihariye ntibugira icyo butwaye ugereranije no gukingirwa ukurikije gahunda isabwa. Inyandiko yawe y'inkingo izarimo ubwoko bwihariye wakiriye kugira ngo uzabukoreshe mu gihe kizaza.

Uburyo bwo gukingira indwara ya difiteriya na tetanusi

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukingira burimo difiteriya na tetanusi hamwe n'izindi nkingo. Uburyo busanzwe ni urukingo rwa DTaP, rwo rwo rurinda indwara ya pertussis (gukorora cyane) kandi akenshi rutangwa ku bana. Ku bantu bakuru, Tdap itanga uburinzi bw'indwara eshatu zimwe kandi akenshi irasabwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Niba udashobora kwakira urukingo rwo guhuza kubera allergie cyangwa izindi mpamvu z'ubuvuzi, umuvuzi wawe w'ubuzima ashobora gusaba kwakira inkingo zitandukanye kuri buri ndwara. Ariko, ibi ntibisanzwe kandi bishobora gusaba gahunda y'inkingo igoye cyane. Inkingo zihuriweho zikunze gukundwa kuko zitanga uburinzi bwuzuye hamwe n'inkingo nkeya.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kwakira urukingo rwo guhuza rutandukanye hashingiwe ku ngendo zabo cyangwa ibyago byihariye by'ubuzima. Umuvuzi wawe w'ubuzima azagufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza kuri wowe, yitaho ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, amateka y'ubuzima, n'ibibazo byo guhura n'izo ndwara.

Ese urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi ruruta inkingo z'umuntu ku giti cye?

Urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi rwo guhuza akenshi rukundwa kuruta inkingo z'umuntu ku giti cye kubera impamvu nyinshi zifatika. Kwakira inkingo zombi mu rukingo rumwe bivuze gusura muganga nkeya, kutagira ibibazo byinshi, no kubahiriza neza gahunda y'inkingo. Urukingo rwo guhuza rwaragenzurwa cyane kandi rwagaragaye ko rufite akamaro nk'uko kwakira inkingo zitandukanye.

Mu rwego rw'ubuzima rusange, inkingo zivanga zifasha kwemeza ko abantu benshi babona uburinzi bwuzuye ku ndwara zombi. Iyo inkingo zivanzwe, habaho amahirwe make yo kubura doze cyangwa gusigara inyuma ku ngengabihe isabwa. Ubu buryo bwagize icyo bugeraho cyane mu kugabanya ubwandu bwa difiteriya na tetanusi ku isi yose.

Ariko, inkingo z'umuntu ku giti cye zishobora kuba ngombwa mu bihe bidasanzwe aho umuntu afite allergie ku kintu kimwe ariko atari ku kindi. Umuganga wawe ashobora gufasha kumenya niba urukingo ruvanga cyangwa inkingo zitandukanye ari zo zikwiriye kuruta izindi ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa ku Rukingo rwa Difiteriya na Tetanusi

Q1. Ese Urukingo rwa Difiteriya na Tetanusi ni Umutekano Mu gihe cyo Gusama?

Yego, urukingo rwa tetanusi-difiteriya rusanzwe rufatwa nk'umutekano mu gihe cyo gusama, kandi verisiyo ya Tdap (ikubiyemo pertussis) isabwa by'umwihariko mu gihe cyose cyo gusama. Gukingirwa mu gihe cyo gusama, akenshi hagati y'ibyumweru 27-36, bifasha kurinda wowe n'umwana wawe. Imibiri irwanya indwara ukora yinjira mu ntangangore kandi itanga uburinzi ku mwana wawe uvutse vuba mu mezi ye ya mbere y'ubuzima.

Abagore batwite bagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa Tdap mu gihe cyose cyo gusama, kabone niyo baba barakingiwe mbere. Iki gihe cyemeza koherezwa kw'imibiri irwanya indwara ku mwana kandi itanga uburinzi bukomeye mu gihe cy'umwana uvutse vuba. Umuganga wawe azaganira ku gihe cyiza cyo gukingirwa ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mbonye doze nyinshi z'urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi?

Niba utunguwe ukabona doze y'urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi, ntugire impungenge - ibi ntibizatuma ugira ibibazo bikomeye. Doze zinyongera ntizitanga uburinzi bwongerewe, ariko birashoboka ko zitazatera ingaruka nyinshi kuruta uko wasanzwe ubyumva. Ibyo bikunze kuvamo ni ukubabara cyangwa kubyimba gato ahantu hakorewe inshinge.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo abamenyeshe ku birebana n'urukingo rwongeyeho kugira ngo bashobore kuvugurura amakuru y'inkingo zawe. Bazagufasha kumenya igihe uzakenera urukingo rwawe rukurikira rutegekanijwe. Bika inyandiko z'inkingo zawe zose kugira ngo wirinde iki kibazo mu gihe kizaza, cyane cyane niba ubona abaganga batandukanye.

Q3. Nzakora iki niba nciwe urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi?

Niba waciwe urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi rutegekanijwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba bishoboka kugira ngo utegereze. Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira urukurikirane rwose - urashobora gukomeza aho wari ugeze. Igihe kiri hagati y'inkingo kirashobora guhinduka, kandi urukingo rutinze ruracyakora.

Ku nkingo zongera imbaraga, niba utinze (imyaka irenga 10 kuva ku rukingo rwawe rwa nyuma), ugomba guhabwa urukingo vuba bishoboka. Nta gihe ntarengwa kiri hagati y'inkingo, bityo niyo watinze cyane, urukingo rumwe ruzongera kugarura uburinzi bwawe. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusubira mu nzira hamwe n'igihe giteganijwe.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi?

Ugomba gukomeza guhabwa inkingo zongera imbaraga za difiteriya na tetanusi mu buzima bwawe bwose, kuko nta myaka ushobora guhagararaho neza. Indwara zombi zigikomeje kuba ibyago bikomeye ku bantu b'imyaka yose, kandi ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanuka mu buryo busanzwe uko imyaka yicuma udafite inkingo zongera imbaraga. Urukingo rugikomeza kuba rworoshye kandi rukora neza ndetse no ku bantu bakuze.

Icyifuzo gisanzwe ni ukubona urukingo ruzongera imbaraga buri myaka 10 mu buzima. Abaganga bamwe bashobora gusaba gukomeza inkingo zongera imbaraga ndetse no ku bantu bafite ubuzima bugufi, kuko izo ndwara zishobora kuba zikomeye cyane ku bantu bakuze. Umuganga wawe azagufasha gufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye n'inkingo bitewe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'imibereho yawe.

Q5. Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi niba mfite indwara idakira?

Abantu benshi bafite indwara zidakira bashobora kwakira urukingo rwa difiteriya na tetanusi mu buryo bwizewe kandi bashobora kungukira cyane ku rukingo kubera ko bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'izi ndwara. Indwara nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa indwara z'ibihaha ntizituma utabona urukingo, kandi urukingo rukunze gukoreshwa cyane cyane ku bantu bafite izi ndwara.

Niba ufite indwara igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri wawe cyangwa ufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa, ganira n'umuganga wawe ku gihe cyo kwikingiza n'ubwoko bw'urukingo. Ushobora gukenera ibitekerezo byihariye, ariko gukingirwa mubisanzwe biracyateganijwe kuko inyungu ziruta ibyago. Umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango amenye uburyo bwizewe cyane kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.