Ni iki Gikingira DTaP-HepB-IPV? Ibimenyetso, Ibitera, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu Rugo

Gikingira DTaP-HepB-IPV ni urukingo ruhuza rurinda indwara eshanu zikomeye mu nkingo imwe. Uru rukingo ruhuza uburinzi kuri difiteriya, tetanusi, pertussis ya acellular (inkorora y'imbwa), hepatite B, na polio mu doze imwe itangwa binyuze mu nshinge mu mutsi, akenshi mu itako ry'umwana wawe cyangwa ukuboko.

Abaganga bakunda gushyira mu bikorwa uru rukingo ruhuza ku bana bato n'abana bato kuko bigabanya umubare w'inshinge zikenewe mugihe bitanga uburinzi bwuzuye. Uru rukingo rufasha urugero rw'umwana wawe kwiga kumenya no kurwanya izi ndwara mbere yuko bazihura mu buzima nyabwo.

Ni iki gikingira DTaP-HepB-IPV?

Gikingira DTaP-HepB-IPV ni urukingo rwa gatanu-muri-rimwe rurinda difiteriya, tetanusi, pertussis ya acellular, hepatite B, na polio. Igice cyose kigamije indwara runaka ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa urupfu, cyane cyane ku bana bato.

Uru rukingo ruhuza rukubiyemo ibice byoroshye cyangwa bitagira akamaro by'ibi binyabuzima bitera indwara, bigisha neza urugero rwawe uko ruzamenya no kurwanya izo ndwara z'ukuri. Uru rukingo rutangwa nka intramuscular injection, bisobanura ko rugenda rutaziguye mu gice cy'umubiri aho imitsi y'umubiri ishobora gusubiza neza.

Abaganga basanzwe batanga uru rukingo ku bana batangira ku mezi 2 nk'igice cy'igihe cy'urukingo rwa buri munsi rw'abana. Ifishi ihuriweho isobanura inshinge nkeya ku mwana wawe mugihe cyo gukomeza urwego rumwe rwo kurinda nk'inkingo z'umuntu ku giti cye.

Kumva gukingirwa DTaP-HepB-IPV bimeze gute?

Abana benshi bahura gusa n'akababaro gato mugihe cy'urukingo rw'ukuri, bisa no gukanda cyangwa gutwika byihuse bimara amasegonda make. Ahantu hakingirwa hashobora kumva hari ububabare cyangwa kubabara muminsi ibiri nyuma, cyane nkuko byumvikana nyuma y'urundi rukingo urwo arirwo rwose.

Abana bamwe bashobora kugira agahinda gato gatukura ahantu baterwa urushinge cyangwa bakagira umujinya muke mu masaha 24-48. Ibi bikorwa ni ibisanzwe rwose kandi byerekana ko urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe ruri gusubiza neza ku rukingo.

Rimwe na rimwe, abana bashobora kugira umuriro muke cyangwa bakagaragara nk'abarushye kurusha uko bisanzwe mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Ibi bimenyetso byoroheje mubisanzwe bikira byonyine nta kuvurwa, kandi ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko urukingo rukora nk'uko byari byitezwe.

Ni iki gitera ibikorwa byo kurwanya urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV?

Ibikorwa byoroheje byo kurwanya urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV bibaho kuko urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe ruri kwiga mu buryo bukomeye kumenya no gusubiza ibice by'urukingo. Iki gisubizo cy'ubudahangarwa gituma habaho imibiri irwanya indwara izarinda indwara zizaza zituruka kuri izi ndwara.

Igice cya pertussis cy'urukingo ni cyo gitera cyane cyane ingaruka zoroheje nk'umujinya cyangwa umuriro muke. Urwego rw'ubudahangarwa rufata ibice by'urukingo nk'ibintu by'amahanga kandi rugashyiraho uburyo bwo kurinda, rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera kutumva neza by'agateganyo.

Abana ku giti cyabo bashobora gusubiza mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwabo bwihariye, imyaka, n'ubuzima muri rusange. Abana bamwe ntibagira icyo bageraho, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje bikira vuba.

Ni izihe ndwara urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV rurinda?

Uru rukingo ruhuza rutanga uburinzi ku ndwara zandura zikomeye eshanu zishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa urupfu, cyane cyane ku bana bato. Indwara zose zigamije ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri kandi bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima by'igihe kirekire niba zifashwe.

Reka ngusobanurire icyo buri gice kirinda, kugira ngo usobanukirwe impamvu iyi burinzi bwuzuye bufitiye akamaro ubuzima bw'umwana wawe:

• Diphtheria: Indwara iterwa na mikorobe ituma habaho urwungano ruzitira mu muhogo, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana kandi bishobora gutera ibibazo by'umutima
• Tetanus: Indwara iterwa na mikorobe itera imitsi gukanyama cyane kandi ishobora gutera "gufungwa kw'umushyi" aho imitsi yo mu mushyi ihinduka ikomeye
• Pertussis (Umutsima): Indwara yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yandura cyane itera inkorora ikaze kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga ku bana bato
• Hepatitis B: Indwara iterwa na virusi yibasira umwijima kandi ishobora gutera indwara y'umwijima ihoraho, cirrose, cyangwa kanseri y'umwijima
• Polio: Indwara iterwa na virusi ishobora gutera ubumuga no kunanuka kw'imitsi, rimwe na rimwe ikagira ingaruka ku mitsi ifasha guhumeka

Izi ndwara zari zisanzwe mu bana bato zikaba zarateye ibihumbi by'abantu gupfa no kugira ubumuga buri mwaka. Uyu munsi, kubera gahunda yo gukingira, ntizikigaragara cyane mu bihugu bifite urwego rwo gukingira rwo hejuru, ariko uburinzi bukomeza gusa iyo dukomeje urwego rwo gukingira rwo hejuru.

Ese ibimenyetso byatewe n'urukingo bishobora gukira byonyine?

Yego, ibimenyetso byinshi byatewe n'urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV bikira burundu byonyine mu masaha 24-48 nta kuvurwa. Umubiri w'umwana wawe ushaka ibice by'urukingo kandi igisubizo gito cyo kurwanya ububyimbirwe gishira vuba.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe nk'ububabare ahatewe urukingo, umujinya muke, cyangwa umuriro muke bikunze kugaragara cyane mu munsi wa mbere kandi bigenda bikira buhoro buhoro. Ibi bimenyetso ni iby'igihe gito kandi ntibitera ibibazo birambye cyangwa ingorane.

Ariko, ubudahangarwa butangwa n'urukingo burambye kandi butanga uburinzi mu myaka myinshi. N'ubwo ibimenyetso by'igihe gito bishira vuba, imibiri irinda iguma mu mubiri w'umwana wawe kugira ngo irinde indwara zizaza.

Ni gute ibimenyetso byatewe n'urukingo byitwazwa mu rugo?

Ushobora gufasha umwana wawe kumva amerewe neza nyuma yo gukingirwa ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye kandi bwiza bugabanya ububabare buto. Ubu buryo bwo kwita ku mwana mu rugo bushobora kugabanya kubabara no gufasha umwana wawe kuruhuka neza mugihe urwego rw'umubiri rwo kurwanya indwara rwitabira urukingo.

Dore uburyo bumwe bwizewe kandi bwiza bwo guhangana n'ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa n'urukingo murugo:

• Shyira igitambaro gitose gikonje ku gice cyateweho urukingo iminota 10-15 kugirango ugabanye kubyimba no kubabara
• Muhe urukundo rwinshi n'ihumure kuko abana akenshi bumva bameze neza iyo babonye uburyo bwo kwitabwaho no guhumurizwa
• Muhe amazi menshi kugirango umwana wawe agire amazi ahagije, cyane cyane niba afite umuriro muto
• Koresha imiti igabanya ububabare ikwiranye n'imyaka ye nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen niba muganga abikugiriye inama kubera kutumva neza
• Mutere gukora imyitozo yoroheje y'ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru aho urukingo rwatangiwe kugirango wirinde gukakara

Wibuke ko ntugomba kuvura buri ngaruka nto - abana benshi bameze neza bafashijwe n'ihumure ryinshi no kuruhuka. Wizere ibitekerezo byawe kubyo umwana wawe akeneye, kandi ntugatinye kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ufite impungenge.

Ni iyihe miti ikoreshwa mugihe habayeho ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV ni gake cyane, ariko abaganga biteguye kuzivura niba zibayeho. Abaganga bafite uburyo bwihariye n'imiti ihari yo kuvura ibibazo byose bikomeye byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri cyangwa ibibazo.

Niba habayeho kwibasirwa gukomeye n'umubiri (anaphylaxis), abaganga bahita batanga epinephrine n'indi miti yihutirwa. Ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi bitanga inkingo bifite ibikoresho byihutirwa n'abakozi bafite imyitozo yo guhangana n'ibi bibazo bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye.

Abenshi mu batanga inkingo basaba ko utegereza iminota 15-20 nyuma yo gukingwa kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibimenyetso byihuse byagaragara. Iki gihe cyo gutegereza gituma abaganga bamenya vuba kandi bakavura ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo guterwa urushinge.

Ni ryari nshyize kuvugisha muganga ku bijyanye n'ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo?

Ugomba kuvugisha umuganga wawe niba umwana wawe agize ibimenyetso bisa nk'ibirenze ibimenyetso bisanzwe byoroheje byatewe n'inkingo. Nubwo ingaruka nyinshi zisanzwe kandi ziteganijwe, ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga kugira ngo umutekano n'imibereho myiza by'umwana wawe byizurwe.

Ni ngombwa kumenya igihe ingaruka zarenze urugero rusanzwe, kugira ngo ubone ubujyanama bw'abaganga bukwiriye igihe bibaye ngombwa:

• Urusazi rwinshi rurenze 104°F (40°C) rutitabira imiti igabanya umuriro
• Kwigunabunga cyane cyangwa kurira cyane birenza amasaha 3 kandi ntibishobore guhozwaho
• Ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri nk'imivumo, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye
• Udukorwa cyangwa ibihungabanyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, kabone niyo byaba bigufi
• Gusinzira cyane cyangwa kugorwa no kubyutsa umwana wawe
• Ukubyimba gukabije, umutuku cyangwa ubushyuhe ahaterwa urushinge bikiyongera nyuma y'amasaha 24

Hamagara 911 ako kanya niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kubyimba cyane, cyangwa asa n'ufite uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga bwihutirwa, nubwo bitajyenda bibaho cyane kuri uru rukingo.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo?

Abana benshi bashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV mu buryo butabangamiye ubuzima nta kiyongera cy'ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Ariko, uburwayi runaka cyangwa ibyabaye mbere bishobora gutuma abana bamwe na bamwe bagira ingaruka cyangwa ntibashobore guhabwa urukingo mu buryo butabangamiye ubuzima.

Umuvuzi wawe w’ubuzima azasuzuma amateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe mbere yo gukingira kugira ngo amenye ibintu byose bishobora guteza ibibazo. Kumenya ibyo bintu bifasha kumenya neza ko umwana wawe ahabwa urukingo mu buryo bwizewe kandi bukwiye.

Dore ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w’urukingo cyangwa igihe cyarwo:

• Kugira allergie ikomeye ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose kigize urukingo cyangwa urukingo rwakozwe mbere
• Uburwayi buriho bwo hagati cyangwa bukomeye hamwe n’umuriro, bishobora gusaba gutinda gukingira
• Uburwayi bw’ubudahangarwa bugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri witwara ku nkingo
• Kugira ibibazo byo mu bwonko cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo mu bwonko bishobora kuzahazwa n’umuriro
• Uburwayi butuma amaraso ava bushobora guteza ibibazo byo guterwa inshinge mu misitsi

Kugira ibyo bintu byose biteza ibibazo ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe adashobora guhabwa urukingo, ariko bisobanura ko umuvuzi wawe w’ubuzima azagira ingamba zidasanzwe cyangwa ahindure gahunda yo gukingira uko bikwiye.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kutikingiza?

Indwara zirindwa n’urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV zishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye, ziteje ubuzima akaga kandi zikaba zikomeye cyane kurusha ingaruka zose ziterwa n’urukingo. Hatabayeho gukingira, abana baguma mu kaga k’izo ndwara zirindwa zishobora guteza ubumuga buhoraho cyangwa urupfu.

Kumenya ingaruka zishobora guterwa bifasha gushyira inyungu n’ibibazo by’urukingo mu buryo bukwiye. Indwara zirindwa n’uru rukingo mu mateka zateje imibabaro ikomeye kandi zigikomeza kubikora mu turere dufite urwego rwo gukingira ruto.

Indwara imwe n’imwe ifite ibyago byayo bikomeye n’ingaruka zishobora kuzamuka mu gihe kirekire:

• Ibyago bya difiteriya: Kugabanuka k'umutima, ubumuga, ibibazo byo guhumeka, no gupfa ku kigereranyo cya 5-10% by'abarwayi
• Ibyago bya tetanusi: Kubabara cyane kw'imitsi, kuvunika kw'amagufa, ibibazo byo guhumeka, no gupfa ku kigereranyo cya 10-20% by'abarwayi
• Ibyago bya peritusi: Umusonga, kwangirika kw'ubwonko, gufatwa n'indwara y'ibihumure, no gupfa, cyane cyane ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 6
• Ibyago bya hepatite B: Indwara ya kronike y'umwijima, siriyoze, kanseri y'umwijima, no gupfa biturutse ku kunanirwa kw'umwijima
• Ibyago bya polio: Ubumuga buhoraho, ibibazo byo guhumeka, no gupfa biturutse ku kunanirwa guhumeka

Ibi byago bibaho kenshi cyane ku bantu batikingije barwaye izi ndwara ugereranije n'ibimenyetso bikomeye biterwa n'inkingo. Urushinge rutanga uburyo bwizewe bwo kwirinda kurusha kwirinda kwandura indwara.

Ese urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV rufitiye umwana wanjye akamaro cyangwa ntacyo rumaze ku mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwe?

Urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV rufitiye akamaro kanini ku mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe kuko rwatoza neza uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa kumenya no kurwanya indwara ziteje akaga. Aho kugabanuka kw'ubudahangarwa, inkingo zirabukomeza mu gutanga uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara zitera uburwayi.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe bushobora guhangana n'utunyangingo twinshi icyarimwe - mu by'ukuri, abana bahura n'utunyangingo ibihumbi buri munsi binyuze mu bikorwa bisanzwe nk'kurya, guhumeka, no gukina. Urukingo rukubiyemo gusa igice gito cy'utunyangingo ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe buhora buhangana natwo.

Urukingo rufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe guteza imbere urwibutso rw'ubudahangarwa, rugakora uturemangingo twihariye twibuka uburyo bwo kurwanya izi ndwara mu myaka iri imbere. Ubu burinzi bufasha umwana wawe kwirinda ibibazo bikomeye izi ndwara zishobora gutera mu gihe yubaka ubudahangarwa bukomeye.

Ni ikihe kimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV rwashobora kwitiranywa nacyo?

Uko umubiri wabyakira inkingo zishobora kwitiranywa n'ibindi bibazo bisanzwe bibaho ku bana bato, cyane cyane ko abana bato bakunze guhura n'indwara ntoya zitandukanye n'ibibazo bituma batishima. Igihe ibimenyetso by'indwara biza nyuma yo gukingwa bikunze gufasha gutandukanya ibimenyetso by'inkingo n'izindi ndwara.

Ubusanzwe ibimenyetso by'inkingo bikunze gutangira mu masaha 24-48 nyuma yo gukingwa kandi bigakira mu minsi mike. Niba ibimenyetso by'indwara bije nyuma cyane cyangwa bikamara igihe kirekire kuruta uko byari byitezwe, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ikindi umwana wawe yahuye nacyo.

Indwara zisanzwe zishobora gusa nkaho zisa n'ibimenyetso by'inkingo zirimo:

• Udukoko twandura: Bishobora gutera umuriro no kutishima ariko akenshi bikamara igihe kirekire kandi bishobora kurimo ibindi bimenyetso nk'amazuru aviramo cyangwa inkorora
• Kumeneka amenyo: Bitera umujinya rimwe na rimwe umuriro muke, ariko akenshi bigira ingaruka ku mashinya no ku buryo umwana acira amacandwe
• Uburwayi bwo mu matwi: Bishobora gutera umuriro no kutishima ariko akenshi birimo gukurura amatwi, kutaryama neza, rimwe na rimwe no kurekurwa kw'amazi
• Ubukomere buto: Ibibazo cyangwa ibikomere bishobora kwitiranywa n'ibimenyetso byo aho umwana yakiniwe niba bibaye hafi y'aho umwana yakiniwe
• Ubwumvikane bw'ibiryo: Bishobora gutera kutishima rimwe na rimwe no kuribwa, ariko akenshi bifitanye isano n'ibihe byo kurya n'ibimenyetso byo mu gifu

Niba utazi neza niba ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'urukingo cyangwa ikindi kintu, jya kwa muganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama. Bashobora gufasha kumenya icyateye ibyo bimenyetso no kugusaba uburyo bwo kwita ku mwana wawe.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV

Q1: Ni doze zingahe z'urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV umwana wanjye akeneye?

Ubusanzwe umwana wawe akeneye doze eshatu z'urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV nk'igice cy'urukurikirane rw'inkingo zabo z'ibanze. Abaganga bakunze gutanga izi doze ku mezi 2, 4, na 6, bakurikiza gahunda y'inkingo z'abana isabwa.

Nyuma y'urukurikirane rw'ibanze, umwana wawe azakenera inkingo zongera zifite uruvange rw'inkingo zitandukanye kugira ngo akomeze kurindwa uko akura. Umuganga wawe azagufasha mu ngengabihe yuzuye yo gukingira kugira ngo umwana wawe akomeze kurindwa mu bwana bwe bwose.

Q2: Ese umwana wanjye ashobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe na DTaP-HepB-IPV?

Yego, umwana wawe ashobora guhabwa izindi nkingo zisanzwe z'abana mu buryo butekanye icyarimwe na DTaP-HepB-IPV. Abaganga bakunda gutanga inkingo nyinshi mu gihe kimwe kugira ngo abana bakurikize gahunda kandi bagabanye umubare wo gusura ivuriro.

Inkingo zitangwa ahantu hatandukanye, akenshi mu maboko cyangwa amaguru atandukanye, kugira ngo bagabanye kutagira umunezero ahantu hamwe. Guhabwa inkingo nyinshi icyarimwe ntibyongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa ngo bigabanye imikorere y'urukingo urwo arirwo rwose.

Q3: Nkwiriye gukora iki niba umwana wanjye yabuze urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV rwatanzwe?

Niba umwana wawe yabuze urukingo rwatanzwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo utegure bundi bushya vuba bishoboka. Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira urukurikirane rw'inkingo rwose - umwana wawe ashobora gukomeza aho yari ageze muri gahunda.

Nta gihe ntarengwa kiri hagati y'inkingo, bityo niyo igihe kinini cyaba cyarashize, inkingo zabanje ziracyabarwa kugira ngo zirinde neza. Umuganga wawe azagena igihe cyiza cyo gusubiza inkingo zabuze hashingiwe ku myaka y'umwana wawe n'ubuzima bwe.

Q4: Ese birinzwe gutanga urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV ku bana bavukiye igihe kitaragera?

Yego, abana bavukiye igihe kitaragera bakwiriye guhabwa urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV hakurikijwe imyaka yabo, atari imyaka yabo yateganijwe. Abana bavukiye igihe kitaragera bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingorane ziterwa n'indwara uru rukingo rurinda, bituma gukingira ku gihe ari ngombwa cyane.

Abaganga bashobora gufata ingamba zidasanzwe igihe bakingira abana bavutse batarageza igihe cyabo, nk'uko kubagenzura neza nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ariko, urukingo ni rwiza kandi rufite akamaro ku bana bavutse batarageza igihe cyabo kandi rutanga uburinzi bukomeye mu mezi yabo ya mbere y'ubuzima.

Q5: Abantu bakuru bashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV?

Urukingo rwa DTaP-HepB-IPV rwateguriwe abana bato n'abana bato. Abantu bakuru bakeneye kurengerwa n'izo ndwara bahabwa urukingo rutandukanye rukwiye imyaka yabo n'ubushobozi bw'ubudahangarwa bwabo.

Abantu bakuru basanzwe bahabwa inkingo za Tdap (tetanus, difiteriya, na pertussis) buri myaka 10, n'inkingo zitandukanye za hepatite B na polio niba bibaye ngombwa. Umuganga wawe ashobora kumenya inkingo ukeneye bitewe n'amateka yawe y'inkingo, imyaka yawe, n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga.