Ni iki cyo gukingira DTaP-IPV-Hib? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo

Urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib ni urukingo ruhuza rurinda indwara eshanu zikomeye zifata abana mu nkingo imwe. Urukingo ruhuza ubwirinzi kuri difiteriya, tetanusi, pertussis ya acellular (inkorora), polio, na Haemophilus influenzae ubwoko b (Hib) indwara.

Abaganga batanga uru rukingo nk'urushinge rwinjira mu misitsi, akenshi mu itako ry'umwana wawe cyangwa mu kaboko k'umubiri. Ni kimwe mu gikorwa cyo gukingira abana buri gihe kandi gifasha kubaka ubudahangarwa ku ndwara zahoze ziteza ibibazo bikomeye no gupfa mu bana.

Ni iki cyo gukingira DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib ni urukingo rwa gatanu mu rumwe rurinda abana indwara nyinshi ziteje akaga. Inyuguti imwe muri izina ryerekana indwara itandukanye: D kuri difiteriya, T kuri tetanusi, aP kuri pertussis ya acellular, IPV kuri urukingo rwa polio rutuma rutagira ubushobozi, na Hib kuri Haemophilus influenzae ubwoko b.

Urukingo ruhuza rutuma umwana wawe atabona inkingo eshanu zitandukanye. Ikubiyemo ibice byoroshye cyangwa bitagira ubushobozi bya mikorobe itera indwara, bifasha urugero rw'umubiri rw'umwana wawe kwiga kurwanya izi ndwara hatabayeho indwara nyazo.

Urukingo rutangwa nk'urukurikirane rw'inkingo zitangira igihe umwana wawe afite amezi 2. Abana benshi bakira uru rukingo ku mezi 2, 4, 6, na 15-18, hamwe n'urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga ku myaka 4-6.

Kumva urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib bimeze bite?

Umwana wawe azumva gusa umutsi cyangwa urusaku igihe urushinge rwinjira mu misitsi yabo. Urukingo ubwarwo rufata amasegonda make, nubwo gutegereza bishobora kumvikana birebire kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe.

Nyuma yo guterwa urukingo, umwana wawe ashobora kumva atameze neza gato ahantu baterewe urukingo. Ibi bishobora kuba kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba gato aho urushinge rwinjiriye. Ibi bikorwa ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe byerekana ko umubiri w'umwana wawe urimo gusubiza urukingo.

Abana bamwe bashobora kumva bafite umujinya cyangwa bananiwe gato mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa. Gushyuha gake na byo bishobora kubaho, ibyo bikaba ari uko umubiri w'umwana wawe urimo kwirinda indwara.

Ni iki gitera ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zibaho kuko umubiri w'umwana wawe urimo gukora kugira ngo wirinde indwara eshanu. Iyo urukingo rwinjiye mu mubiri, uturemangingo twirinda indwara tumenya ibice by'urukingo nk'ibidasanzwe maze bigatangira gukora imbaraga zo kurwanya izo ndwara.

Ibikorwa bisanzwe bibaho ahantu batererwa urukingo. Umubiri w'umwana wawe wohereza uturemangingo twirinda indwara muri ako gace, ibyo bishobora gutera gutukura, kubyimba, cyangwa kubabara by'igihe gito. Iki gikorwa cyo mu gace cyerekana ko umubiri wirinda indwara urimo gukora akazi kawo.

Abana bamwe bahura n'ingaruka zikwirakwira mu mubiri wose, aho kugira ngo zigarukire ahantu batererwa urukingo. Izi zishobora kuba gushyuha gake, umujinya, cyangwa kugabanya ubushake bwo kurya uko umubiri wirinda indwara ukora mu mubiri wose kugira ngo ukore ubwirinzi.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Abana benshi bahura n'ingaruka zoroheje gusa zikagenda zonyine mu minsi mike. Kumva icyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi utagira impungenge z'uburyo umwana wawe yakira urukingo.

Ingaruka zisanzwe abana benshi bahura nazo zirimo:

• Kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu batererwa urukingo
• Gushyuha gake (muri rusange munsi ya 101°F)
• Umujinya cyangwa umujinya muke
• Kugabanya ubushake bwo kurya umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri
• Gusinzira gake cyangwa kwifuza gusinzira cyane
• Gutakaza igihe gito inyungu yo gukina

Ibi bisubizo mubisanzwe bitangira mu masaha 24 nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi bigakira mu minsi 2-3. Mu by'ukuri ni ibimenyetso byiza byerekana ko urugero rw'umubiri rw'umwana wawe rurimo kubaka ubwirinzi ku ndwara zikomeye.

Ingaruka zitavugwa cyane ariko zikiri ibisanzwe zirimo:

• Urugero ruciriritse rw'umuriro (101-103°F)
• Ukubura gukomeye ahatewe urushinge
• Kurira cyane cyangwa guhararukwa birenze ibisanzwe
• Kuruka cyangwa guhitwa gake
• Uruhu ruto ruzenguruka ahatewe urushinge

Ingaruka zitavugwa cyane ariko zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihuse. Nubwo ibi bibaho gake cyane, ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitaho:

• Umuriro mwinshi urenze 104°F
• Urugero rukomeye rwo kwivumbura ku bintu bituma umuntu arwara bigatuma umuntu ahumeka nabi cyangwa kubyimba mu maso no mu muhogo
• Kurira bidasanzwe kumara amasaha arenga 3
• Gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi
• Gusinzira cyane cyangwa kugorwa no kubyutsa umwana wawe
• Ukubura gukomeye kw'ukuboko kose cyangwa ukuguru

Izi ngaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane, zibaho ku bana batarenze 1 kuri 10,000. Ariko, kumenya ibi bimenyetso bifasha gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib zishobora gukira zonyine?

Yego, ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'uru rukingo zikira rwose zonyine mu minsi 2-3. Umubiri w'umwana wawe mu buryo busanzwe ukoresha ibice by'urukingo kandi igisubizo cy'umubiri kigabanyuka uko imibiri irwanya indwara ikorwa.

Ingaruka zoroheje nk'ububabare ahatewe urushinge, umuriro muke, no guhararukwa mubisanzwe bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu masaha 24 ya mbere nyuma yo gukingirwa. Nyuma yaho, ibi bimenyetso bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi bikazima nta kuvurwa byihariye.

N'ingaruka ziciriritse, nk'umuriro mwinshi cyangwa umujinya wiyongereye, mubisanzwe zikira mu minsi 3-5. Irari ry'umwana wawe risanzwe, urwego rw'imbaraga, n'imitekerereze bisubira uko byari bimeze uko urugero rw'umubiri rurangiza inzira yo kubaka ubudahangarwa.

Ni gute ibimenyetso biterwa n'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib bivurwa mu rugo?

Ushobora gufasha umwana wawe kumva amerewe neza mu gihe umubiri we wubaka ubudahangarwa ukoresheje imiti yoroheje kandi itekanye yo mu rugo. Ubu buryo bworoshye bushobora koroshya kutumva neza bitabangamiye imikorere y'urukingo.

Ku bijyanye no kutumva neza ahatewe urukingo, ushobora gushyira igitambaro cyiza gikonje ahantu hagaragara ibimenyetso mu gihe cy'iminota 10-15 inshuro nyinshi ku munsi. Ibi bifasha kugabanya umubyimbirwe kandi bitanga uburyo bwo kwivuza. Irinde gushyira urubura ku ruhu, kuko bishobora kuba bikonje cyane ku bana bato.

Niba umwana wawe arwaye umuriro, mumwambike imyenda yoroheje, ituma umwuka uhumeka kugira ngo afashe umubiri we kugenzura ubushyuhe. Mutange amazi menshi nka amata y'ibere, ifu, cyangwa amazi kugira ngo birinde kumuka amazi mu mubiri. Koga mu mazi ashyushye nabyo bishobora gufasha kugabanya umuriro mu buryo busanzwe.

Uburyo bwo kugabanya ububabare burimo:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) ku bana bato bafite amezi 2 n'abarenzeho
• Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) ku bana bato bafite amezi 6 n'abarenzeho
• Buri gihe ukurikize amabwiriza yo gutanga imiti bitewe n'uburemere bw'umwana wawe
• Ganira na muganga wawe mbere yo gutanga umuti uwo ari wo wose

Uburyo bwo gufasha umwana kumva amerewe neza bushobora gutuma umwana wawe yumva amerewe neza. Guhobera cyane, kumutegereza buhoro, no gukurikiza gahunda isanzwe yo kugaburira bifasha gutanga ubufasha bwo mu mutwe muri iki gihe.

Guma ku buryo umwana wawe asanzwe abaho, ariko umuhe akaruhuko kenshi niba asa n'uwacitse intege. Abana benshi bumva bameze neza bafite ibikorwa bisanzwe n'ibintu byoroheje nk'ibikinisho akunda cyangwa imyenda yo kwiyoroshya.

Ni iki cyakorwa mu buvuzi ku birebana n'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Ubuvuzi bukenewe iyo abana bahuye n'ingaruka zidasanzwe ariko zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo. Abaganga bafite ubushobozi bwo kumenya no kuvura ibi bibazo vuba kandi neza.

Ku birebana n'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa burimo inshinge za epinephrine (adrenaline) na antihistamines kugira ngo zirwanye uburyo umubiri wabyakiriye. Abaganga kandi bakurikirana imyuka yo mu mubiri kandi bagatanga umwuka wa oxygen niba bikenewe.

Urubavu rwo hejuru ya 104°F rusaba isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi kugira ngo hakurweho izindi mpamvu kandi hatangwe uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo imiti ikomeye igabanya umuriro no gukurikirana neza uko umwana wawe amerewe.

Niba hagize ibibazo bibaho, abaganga batanga ubuvuzi bwihuse kugira ngo bahagarike ikibazo kandi birinde gukomereka. Nanone barasuzuma niba ikibazo cyaratewe n'umuriro cyangwa izindi mpamvu, bagatanga ubuvuzi bukwiriye.

Kuba umwana yajyanwa mu bitaro bishobora gushyirwaho ku bana bagize ibibazo bikomeye. Ibi bituma abaganga bakurikirana uko umwana wawe akira kandi bagatanga ubuvuzi bwiyongera niba bikenewe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kubera ibibazo byatewe n'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe w'abana niba umwana wawe agize ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma yo gukingirwa. Nubwo ibibazo byinshi biba byoroheje kandi byitezwe, ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bisaba isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi ry'umwuga.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba umwana wawe agize:

• Urubavu rurenze 103°F
• Kurira buri gihe amasaha arenga 3
• Ukubura gukomeye ahantu hakorewe inshinge bikwira hanze y'aho byakorewe
• Ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitandukanye nk'imivumbi, kugorana guhumeka, cyangwa kubura mu maso
• Uko gusinzira bidasanzwe cyangwa kugorana gukanguka
• Kuruka bituma umubiri utabasha gukomeza amazi

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitandukanye bikomeye, agize ikibazo, cyangwa agize umuriro urenze 104°F. Ibi bibazo bisaba ubufasha bwihuse kugira ngo umutekano w'umwana wawe wizerwe.

Kwizera ubwenge bwawe bw'ababyeyi. Niba hari ikintu kigaragara ko gitandukanye cyane ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe cyangwa uko amerewe nyuma yo gukingirwa, buri gihe birakwiye kugisha inama umuganga wawe kugira ngo agufashe kandi aguhe icyizere.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ingaruka zo guhabwa urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe y'uko umwana wawe agira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo. Kumva ibyo bintu bifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye umumaro ku gihe cyo gukingira no kwitegura.

Uko umwana yari yifashe mbere yo guhabwa inkingo birashobora kugaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kugira ingaruka mu gihe kizaza. Niba umwana wawe yagize ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'inkingo zo hambere, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukurikiranira hafi cyangwa gutanga imiti mbere yo gukingira kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka.

Ibintu bifitanye isano n'imyaka nabyo bigira uruhare mu buryo abana bitwara ku nkingo. Abana bato bashobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye kuko imikorere y'ubwirinzi bwabo ikiri mu iterambere kandi yiga gusubiza ku nkingo.

Ibintu bisanzwe bishobora gutera ingaruka harimo:

• Uko umwana yari yifashe mbere (ingorane zikomeye) ku rukingo urwo arirwo rwose
• Amateka y'umuryango y'ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo
• Uburwayi bucye cyangwa umuriro
• Ukuvuka imburagihe (nubwo gukingira bikiri ngombwa)
• Uburyo bwo kwirinda butameze neza
• Uburwayi bwa vuba cyangwa umunaniro

Ariko, kugira ibintu bishobora gutera ingaruka ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe azagira ingaruka. Abana benshi bafite ibyo bintu bahabwa inkingo nta ngorane, kandi inyungu zo gukingira ziruta cyane ingaruka ku bana benshi.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kutahabwa urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Indwara zirindwa n'uru rukingo zishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye ndetse no gupfa ku bana batakingiwe. Kumva izo ngaruka bifasha gushyira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo mu buryo bwiza kandi bigashimangira impamvu gukingira ari ngombwa cyane.

Difteriya ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima, ubumuga, no guhumeka bigoranye bitewe n'ibishishwa byinshi mu muhogo. Mbere yo gukingira, iyi ndwara yahitanye hafi 1 kuri 10 mu bana bayirwaye.

Tetanus itera imitsi gukomera cyane bishobora gukomera bihagije bigatuma amagufa avunika. Iyi ndwara irakomeye cyane kuko iboneka mu butaka kandi ishobora kwinjira binyuze mu gikomere icyo aricyo cyose, bigatuma bidashoboka kwirinda kuyirwara.

Ingorane za Pertussis zikomeye cyane ku bana bato kandi zirimo:

• Kugorana cyane guhumeka no guhinduka ubururu
• Umuriro wo mu bihaha usaba kuvurirwa mu bitaro
• Ubwoba bwo mu bwonko buturutse ku kubura umwuka wa oxygen
• Urupfu, cyane cyane ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 6
• Amagufa yo mu rubavu avunika bitewe no gukorora cyane

Polio ishobora gutera ubumuga buhoraho, cyane cyane bugira ingaruka ku maguru, amaboko, n'imitsi ifasha guhumeka. Nubwo bidakunze kubaho uyu munsi bitewe no gukingira, iyi ndwara yigeze guhagarika ibihumbi by'abana buri mwaka.

Infesiyo ya Hib ishobora gutera meningitis itera ubuzima, itera ububyimbirwe mu bwonko kandi ishobora gutera kutumva, ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, cyangwa urupfu. Iyi mikorobe kandi ishobora gutera umuriro mwinshi wo mu bihaha no kwandura mu maraso.

Izi ngorane zibaho kenshi cyane ku bana batakingiwe kurusha uko ibisubizo bikomeye byo gukingira bibaho ku bana bakingiwe, bituma gukingira ari uburyo bwiza cyane.

Ese urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib ni rwiza cyangwa rubi ku buzima bw'umwana wanjye?

Urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib rufitiye akamaro kanini cyane ubuzima bw'umwana wawe kandi rutanga uburinzi bukomeye ku ndwara eshanu zikomeye. Urukingo rwakorewe igeragezwa ryinshi kandi rwagaragaye ko rutekanye kandi rufite akamaro mu kurinda indwara zahoze ziteza indwara n'urupfu byinshi.

Urukingo rutanga ubwirinzi bukomeye, rukarinda hafi 95% by'indwara zifashwe uru rukingo rukoreshwa neza nk'uko byategetswe. Uburinzi rutanga bumara imyaka myinshi, rugaha umwana wawe uburinzi burambye mu myaka ye y'ubuzima yoroshye.

Inyungu ziruta cyane ibyago ku bana hafi ya bose. Nubwo ingaruka zishobora kubaho, akenshi ziba nto kandi zikamarana igihe gito, mu gihe indwara zirindwa zishobora gutera ubumuga buhoraho cyangwa urupfu. Urukingo kandi rugira uruhare mu kurinda abaturage rugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry'izo ndwara.

Ibyago bidasanzwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku myanzuro yo gukingira, nk'ibibazo bikomeye by'ubudahangarwa cyangwa ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwanga urukingo. Ariko, ibi biba gake, kandi abana benshi bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima bungukirwa no gukingirwa kurusha abana bazima.

Ni ikihe gishobora kwitiranywa n'ingaruka z'urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib?

Rimwe na rimwe ababyeyi bahangayika ko ibimenyetso by'umwana wabo nyuma yo gukingirwa bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikintu gikomeye. Kumva uko ingaruka zisanzwe z'urukingo zisa bifasha gutandukanya ibisubizo byitezwe n'indwara zitandukanye.

Urubavu ruto nyuma yo gukingirwa ni ibisanzwe kandi byitezwe, ariko rushobora kwitiranywa n'intangiriro y'ibicurane cyangwa izindi ndwara. Umuriro ufitanye isano n'urukingo akenshi ugaragara mu masaha 24 nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi ugakira mu minsi 2-3 nta bindi bimenyetso by'ibicurane.

Umutima mubi no kugabanya ubushake bwo kurya nyuma yo gukingirwa ni ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kugaragara nk'intangiriro y'uburwayi. Ariko, umujinya ufitanye isano n'urukingo akenshi urushaho gukira vuba kandi ntujyana n'ibindi bimenyetso by'uburwayi nk'amazuru aviruka cyangwa inkorora.

Ingaruka ziterwa n'aho urukingo ruterwa rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwitiranywa na:

• Cellulitis (ubwandure bw’uruhu buterwa na bagiteri) - ariko ibimenyetso byatewe n’urukingo ntibigira imitsi itukura cyangwa ubushyuhe bwiyongera hanze y’aho urukingo rwakorewe
• Ubwivumbagatanyo ku bindi bintu - ariko ibimenyetso byatewe n’urukingo bigarukira aho urukingo rwakorewe
• Ukwikomeretsa guterwa no kugwa cyangwa gukubitwa - ariko ababyeyi akenshi bibuka niba habayeho ikibazo

Niba utazi neza niba ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe bifitanye isano n’urukingo cyangwa ikindi kintu, hamagara muganga w’abana. Bashobora kugufasha gutandukanya ibimenyetso bisanzwe byatewe n’urukingo n’izindi ndwara zishobora gukenera ubuvuzi butandukanye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib

Mbese ibimenyetso byatewe n’urukingo rwa DTaP-IPV-Hib bimara igihe kingana iki?

Ibimenyetso byinshi byatewe n’uru rukingo bimara iminsi 2-3. Kubabara no gutukura ahakorewe urukingo bikunze gukira mu masaha 24-48, mugihe umuriro muke no kwitotomba bikunze gukira mu minsi 2-3. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeje kurenza icyumweru cyangwa bisa nkibiyongera aho gukira, hamagara muganga w’abana kugirango agufashe.

Mbese umwana wanjye arashobora kurwara izo ndwara nyuma yo gukingirwa?

Nubwo urukingo rufite akamaro kanini, nta rukingo rutanga 100% y’ubwirinzi. Ariko, abana bakingiwe baramutse barwaye izo ndwara, akenshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane kandi n’ibibazo bike ugereranije n’abana batakingiwe. Uru rukingo rutanga ubwirinzi bungana na 95% ku ndwara iyo zitanzwe hakurikijwe gahunda isabwa.

Mbese nkwiriye guha umwana wanjye umuti ugabanya umuriro mbere yo gukingirwa kugirango nwirinde ibimenyetso?

Muri rusange ntibisabwa gutanga imiti igabanya umuriro mbere yo gukingira kuko bishobora kubangamira uburyo umubiri w’umwana wawe witwara ku rukingo. Ariko, urashobora gutanga imiti igabanya umuriro nyuma yo gukingira niba umwana wawe agize kutumva neza cyangwa umuriro. Buri gihe jya inama na muganga w’abana ku buryo bwiza bwo gufasha umwana wawe.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba umwana wanjye yabuze urukingo rwatanzwe ku gihe?

Niba umwana wawe yasiba urukingo rwatanzwe, vugana na muganga w'abana bawe kugira ngo murutegure vuba bishoboka. Bashobora kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gusubiza inkingo hashingiwe ku myaka y'umwana wawe n'amateka y'inkingo. Gusiba urukingo ntibisobanura gutangira bundi bushya - umwana wawe ashobora gukomeza urukurikirane aho yari ageze.

Ese hari abana batagomba guhabwa uru rukingo?

Abana bake cyane ntibashobora guhabwa uru rukingo. Abatagomba kuruhabwa harimo abana bafite ibibazo bikomeye by'ubudahangarwa, abagize ibibazo by'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwivumbura ku rukingo rwa mbere, cyangwa abafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwonko. Muganga w'abana bawe azasuzuma amateka y'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe kugira ngo yemeze ko urukingo rukwiye kandi rutekanye kuri bo.