Efavirenz ni iki: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Efavirenz ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ufasha kuvura indwara ya SIDA mu kubuza virusi kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe. Uyu muti ubarirwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), ikora nk'urufunguzo rubuza virusi ya SIDA kwigana. Uyu muti ubusanzwe ufashwa rimwe ku munsi nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi buhuriweho n'indi miti ya SIDA kugira ngo ifashe kugenzura virusi no kurengera urugingo rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa.

Efavirenz ni iki?

Efavirenz ni umuti urwanya virusi wagenewe kurwanya SIDA-1, ubwoko bwa SIDA busanzwe. Ukora mu kwivanga mu kintu cyitwa reverse transcriptase virusi ya SIDA ikeneye kugira ngo yororoke imbere mu ngirangingo zawe. Tekereza nk'ugushyiraho urugi rubuza virusi kwinjira no kwigarurira ingirangingo zawe zifite ubuzima.

Uyu muti umaze gufasha abantu barwaye SIDA kubaho ubuzima bwiza mu myaka irenga makumyabiri. Ufatwa nk'umuti wa SIDA ufite imbaraga ziringaniye ukora neza iyo uhujwe n'indi miti irwanya virusi. Uzahora ufata efavirenz nk'igice cy'umugambi w'ubuvuzi buhuriweho, ntabwo wenyine, kuko gukoresha imiti myinshi hamwe bifasha cyane mu kugenzura SIDA.

Efavirenz ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Efavirenz ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya SIDA-1 mu bantu bakuru n'abana bapima nibura kiro 40 (hafi ibiro 88). Ni igice cy'icyo abaganga bita highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), ihuza ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ya SIDA kugira ngo ikore uburyo bwo kuvura bufite imbaraga.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira umuti wa efavirenz niba utangiye kuvurwa SIDA ku nshuro ya mbere cyangwa niba ukeneye guhindura umuti kubera ingaruka cyangwa kurwanya imiti. Bifitiye akamaro abantu bifuza koroherezwa no gufata umuti rimwe ku munsi. Intego ni kugabanya umubare wa virusi mu maraso yawe kugera ku rwego rutagaragara, bivuze ko virusi iba yaragabanutse ku buryo itashobora kwandura abandi.

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bashobora no kwandika efavirenz nk'igice cyo gukumira nyuma yo guhura (PEP) mu bihe by'ubutabazi aho umuntu yahuye na SIDA. Ariko, iyi mikoreshereze ntisanzwe kandi isaba kugenzurwa na muganga witonze.

Efavirenz ikora ite?

Efavirenz ikora yibanda ku ntambwe yihariye mu buryo SIDA yororokamo. Iyo SIDA yanduye selile zawe, bigomba guhindura ibikoresho byayo bya genetike kuva muri RNA bikajya muri DNA ikoresheje urusobe rwitwa reverse transcriptase. Efavirenz ifatana mu buryo butaziguye n'uru rusobe ikarubuza gukora neza.

Iyi ngamba yo kubuza irabuza SIDA kwishyira muri DNA ya selile yawe, ibi bikabuza virusi gukora kopi nshya zayo. Bimeze nk'uko uhagarika imashini ya virusi ikora kopi ku buryo itashobora kwororoka. Nubwo efavirenz itavura SIDA, igabanya cyane umubare wa virusi mu maraso yawe iyo ikoreshejwe buri gihe.

Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ufite imbaraga ziringaniye ugereranije n'imiti mishya ya SIDA, ariko uracyakora neza cyane iyo ufashwe nk'uko byategetswe. Bisaba ibyumweru byinshi kugirango ubone ingaruka zose ku mubare wa virusi mu maraso yawe, kandi uzakenera gukora ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe kugirango umenye uko bikora neza.

Nkwiriye gufata efavirenz nte?

Fata efavirenz nk'uko muganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi rimwe ku munsi ku gifu cyambaye ubusa. Igihe cyiza ni akenshi mbere yo kuryama, hafi isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri nyuma y'ifunguro ryawe rya nyuma, kuko iki gihe gishobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zimwe nk'iserebanya cyangwa inzozi zidasanzwe.

Mimina ikinini cyangwa ikapsule yose hamwe n'amazi. Ntugasya, urume, cyangwa ufungure umuti kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe uwufata. Niba ufata umuti mu buryo bw'amazi, upime neza ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gupima cyatanzwe, ntabwo ukoresheje ikiyiko cyo mu rugo.

Kufata efavirenz ku gifu cyambaye ubusa ni ingenzi kuko ibiryo bishobora kongera umubare w'umuti umubiri wawe ufata, bishobora gutera ingaruka zindi. Ariko, niba ubonye indwara ikomeye mu gifu, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ikibazo cyawe.

Gerageza gufata urugero rwawe ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urwego ruzigama mu maraso yawe. Gushyiraho alarume ya buri munsi cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'ibinini birashobora kugufasha kwibuka. Niba ugenda mu turere tw'amasaha atandukanye, baze muganga wawe uko wakosora gahunda yawe yo gufata imiti.

Mbona Nk'Igihe Kirekire Nzagomba Kufata Efavirenz?

Muri rusange, uzakenera gufata efavirenz igihe cyose ikiri ingirakamaro mu kugenzura virusi yawe ya SIDA, bishobora kumara imyaka myinshi cyangwa ndetse n'iteka. Kuvura SIDA muri rusange ni ukwiyemeza kw'ubuzima bwose, kandi guhagarika imiti yawe bishobora korohereza virusi kwiyongera vuba kandi bishobora guteza imbere ubudahangarwa.

Muganga wawe azagenzura uko witwara binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso bisanzwe bipima umubare wa virusi yawe na CD4. Niba efavirenz ikomeza kugumana umubare wa virusi yawe ukumirwa kandi ukabyihanganira neza, ushobora kuguma kuri uyu muti imyaka myinshi. Abantu bamwe bafashe efavirenz neza mu gihe kirenga imyaka icumi.

Ariko, ushobora gukenera guhindura imiti niba ubonye ingaruka zidakira, niba virusi iteye ubudahangarwa, cyangwa niba hari uburyo bushya, bworoshye kuboneka. Ntukigere uhagarika gufata efavirenz mu buryo butunguranye utabanje kubaza muganga wawe, kuko ibi bishobora gutera virusi gusubira inyuma no guteza ubudahangarwa.

Niba uteganya gutwita cyangwa ufite ingaruka zikomeye, ganira n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima ku gihe cyo guhindura imiti. Bazagufasha guhindura neza ku zindi miti niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Ziterwa na Efavirenz?

Kimwe n'indi miti yose, efavirenz ishobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo atari buri wese uzigira. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi ziba iz'igihe gito kandi zikagenda uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti, akenshi mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'imiti.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Inzozi zikabije cyangwa inzozi mbi
• Urugero cyangwa kumva "umutwe"
• Kugorwa no gusinzira cyangwa guhinduka mu buryo bwo gusinzira
• Isesemi cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Umutwe
• Umunaniro cyangwa kumva unaniwe cyane
• Uruhu (akenshi rworoshye kandi rw'igihe gito)

Izi ngaruka akenshi zigaragara cyane mu kwezi kwa mbere kw'imiti kandi akenshi zigenda zigabanuka uko igihe kigenda. Gufata urugero rwawe mu masaha yo kuryama bishobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'urugero n'ingaruka zijyanye no gusinzira.

Abantu bamwe bahura n'ingaruka zikomeye ariko zitagaragara cyane zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga:

• Uruhu rukabije cyangwa uruhu rwakwiriye hose
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima (guhinduka umuhondo kw'uruhu cyangwa amaso, inkari z'umukara, kuribwa mu nda bikabije)
• Umunaniro ukabije cyangwa gutekereza kwikomeretsa
• Kuvurungana guhoraho cyangwa ibibazo by'urwibutso
• Guhinduka kw'imitekerereze cyangwa ubugome bukabije

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba uhuye n'ikimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose muri ibi bikomeye. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, efavirenz ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe cyangwa gutera ibibazo byo gufatwa, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite amateka y'indwara zo mu mutwe.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Efavirenz?

Efavirenz ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyandika. Ntugomba gufata efavirenz niba urwaye allergie cyangwa wigeze kugira ibibazo bikomeye byayo.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe bagomba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko cyangwa bashobora kwirinda efavirenz rwose:

• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima cyangwa hepatite B cyangwa C
• Amateka y'indwara zo mu mutwe nk'agahinda gakabije cyangwa psychosis
• Indwara ziterwa no gufatwa n'indwara cyangwa epilepsi
• QT yamenyekanye ko yongerewe (indwara y'umutima)
• Gusama (cyane cyane mu gihembwe cya mbere)

Niba ufite amateka yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, muganga wawe azagereranya neza ibyago n'inyungu, kuko efavirenz rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutuma ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe birushaho. Abantu bafite ibibazo by'impyiko mubisanzwe bashobora gufata efavirenz, ariko bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero.

Bwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga n'imiti y'ibyatsi. Efavirenz ishobora guhura n'indi miti myinshi, harimo imiti imwe yo kurwanya depression, imiti yo gufata n'imiti ya St. John's wort.

Amazina ya Efavirenz

Efavirenz iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, nka Sustiva akaba ariyo izwi cyane ifite ikintu kimwe. Ubu bwoko bwari bumwe mu bicuruzwa bya mbere bya efavirenz byari bihari kandi byafashije gushyiraho izina ry'uyu muti mu kuvura SIDA.

Urashobora kandi guhabwa efavirenz nk'igice cy'ibinini bifatanye birimo indi miti ya SIDA. Ubwoko bukunzwe bwo guhuza harimo Atripla (efavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine) na Symfi (efavirenz + tenofovir + lamivudine). Ibi binini bifatanye bishobora koroshya imiti mugihe bigabanya umubare w'ibinini ukeneye gufata buri munsi.

Imiti rusange ya efavirenz ubu iraboneka kandi ikora neza nk'imiti y'amazina y'ubwoko. Ubuvuzi bwawe bushobora gukunda uburyo rusange, bushobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga y'imiti yawe. Buri gihe jya ureba umuganga wawe w'imiti niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye n'uburyo urimo kubona.

Izindi miti isimbura Efavirenz

Niba efavirenz itagukundira, imiti itandukanye ya HIV ishobora gutanga inyungu zisa. Muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza kuguhererekanya ku zindi NNRTI nka rilpivirine (Edurant) cyangwa doravirine (Pifeltro), zikunda kugira ingaruka nke zo mu mutwe.

Abahagarika integrase bahagarariye ikindi cyiciro cy'imiti ya HIV abaganga benshi ubu bakunda nk'ubuvuzi bwa mbere. Ibi birimo dolutegravir (Tivicay), bictegravir (iboneka muri Biktarvy), na raltegravir (Isentress). Iyi miti akenshi igira ingaruka nke kandi ntishobora gutera ibibazo byo gusinzira cyangwa guhinduka kw'imitekerereze.

Kubantu bakeneye imiti rimwe ku munsi, ibinini by'imiti ihuriweho nka Biktarvy, Triumeq, cyangwa Dovato bishobora kuba ibisubizo byiza. Izi nshya zihuza akenshi zihanganirwa cyane kandi zikora neza mu guhagarika HIV.

Guhitamo izindi miti biterwa n'ibintu nk'indi miti yawe, imikorere y'impyiko, imikoranire y'imiti ishoboka, n'ibyo ukunda. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango abone uburyo bwiza niba efavirenz itariyo.

Efavirenz iruta Dolutegravir?

Efavirenz na dolutegravir ni imiti ya HIV ikora neza, ariko ikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi ifite inyungu zihariye. Dolutegravir, umuhagarika integrase, akenshi yabaye uburyo bukundwa nabaganga benshi kuko ikunda gutera ingaruka nke kandi ifite inzitizi nyinshi zo kurwanya.

Efavirenz imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa kandi ifite amateka maremare y'ubushobozi, hamwe n'imyaka myinshi yo gukoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe yerekana imikorere yayo. Iracyari uburyo bwiza kuri benshi, cyane cyane abayihanganira neza kandi bakunda koroherezwa no gufata umuti rimwe ku munsi.

Dolutegravir akenshi itera ingaruka nke zo mu mutwe nk'inzozi zidasanzwe cyangwa impinduka z'amarangamutima zimwe na zimwe abantu bahura nazo bakoresha efavirenz. Ariko, dolutegravir ishobora gutera kongera ibiro kuri bamwe, ibyo bikaba bitajyenda cyane kuri efavirenz.

Uburyo "bwiza" buterwa n'imimerere yawe bwite, harimo amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, imiti yindi ukoresha, n'uko witwara ku miti. Imiti yombi ifatwa nk'ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru iyo ifashwe nk'uko byategetswe, kandi yombi irashobora kugufasha kugera ku gipimo cy'agakoko gashobora kugaragara.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Efavirenz

Efavirenz Yaba Itekanye Ku Bantu Bafite Umwijima?

Abantu bafite umwijima wa B cyangwa C akenshi bashobora gufata efavirenz, ariko bakeneye gukurikiranwa cyane kubera ibibazo by'umwijima. Muganga wawe azagenzura imikorere y'umwijima wawe buri gihe akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso kandi ashobora guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa niba bibaye ngombwa.

Niba ufite indwara ikomeye y'umwijima, efavirenz ishobora kutaba uburyo bwiza, kuko ishobora gushimangira ibibazo by'umwijima kuri bamwe. Ariko, abantu benshi bafite umwijima woroshye kugeza ku wuringaniye bafata efavirenz neza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukorana bya hafi n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ukurikirane ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe mu gihe cyose uvurwa.

Nkwiriye Gukora Iki Niba Nifashe Efavirenz Nyinshi Kubw'impanuka?

Niba ufata by'impanuka umuti mwinshi kuruta uko wategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa urwego rushinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya. Gufata efavirenz nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye nk'izunguzika rikomeye, urujijo, cyangwa ibibazo by'umutima.

Ntugerageze "gusimbura" urugero rurenzeho wirinda urugero rukurikira rwatanzwe. Ahubwo, subira ku ngengabihe yawe isanzwe yo gufata imiti kandi umenyeshe umuganga wawe icyabaye. Barashobora kukugira inama y'uko wakomeza neza.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa Efavirenz?

Niba waciwe urugero kandi hashize amasaha atarenze 12 kuva igihe cyagenwe, urufate uko wibuka vuba. Niba hashize amasaha arenga 12, reka urugero rwaciwe kandi ufate urugero rukurikira rwatanzwe ku gihe gisanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata urugero ebyiri icyarimwe kugirango usimbure urugero rwaciwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa urugero, ganira na muganga wawe kubyerekeye ingamba zo kugufasha kwibuka, nko gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Efavirenz?

Ugomba guhagarika gufata efavirenz gusa ukurikije ubuyobozi bw'abaganga. Ntukigere uhagarara ako kanya wenyine, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma virusi yongera gukura kandi bishobora gutuma virusi ya SIDA ikora ubushake bwo kurwanya imiti.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhagarika efavirenz niba ugize ingaruka zikomeye, niba virusi irwanya, cyangwa niba wimukiye ku buryo bwo kuvura butandukanye. Impinduka zose z'imiti zigomba gutegurwa neza kugirango zemeze ko virusi ikomeza guhagarikwa mugihe cyose cyo guhinduka.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa Efavirenz?

Nubwo nta mikoranire itaziguye iri hagati ya efavirenz na alukolo, kunywa inzoga birashobora gukomeza ingaruka zimwe nk'izuru, urujijo, cyangwa impinduka z'amarangamutima. Alukolo irashobora kandi kubuza gusinzira kwawe, bishobora kongera ingaruka za efavirenz ku buryo bwo gusinzira.

Niba uhisemo kunywa, bikore mu rugero kandi witondere cyane ibikorwa bisaba ubushishozi, nko gutwara imodoka. Witondere uko alukolo ikugiraho ingaruka mugihe ufata efavirenz, kuko ushobora kuba woroshye cyane ku ngaruka zayo kurusha uko byari bisanzwe.