Ethambutol ni iki: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo kuyifata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Ethambutol ni umuti wica mikorobe wagenewe kurwanya mikorobe ya igituntu (TB). Ikora ibi ibuza izo mikorobe zangiza kubaka urukuta rwazo rw'ingabo, ibyo bikaziteza intege nke kandi bigafasha umubiri wawe kurwanya ubwandu neza.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa buri gihe hamwe n'indi miti ya TB kuko mikorobe ya igituntu zikunda gukomera kandi zishobora kwigiriza ubudahangarwa ku miti imwe. Utekereze nk'igice cy'uburyo bwo gufatanya aho buri muti utera mikorobe mu buryo butandukanye, bigatuma ubwandu butabasha kubaho.

Ethambutol ikoreshwa mu iki?

Ethambutol ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura indwara ya igituntu ikora mu muhogo wawe cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Ifatwa nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo kuvura TB busanzwe abaganga ku isi hose bishingikirizaho kugira ngo bakize iyi ndwara ikomeye iterwa na mikorobe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugutera ethambutol kugira ngo wirinde TB mu gihe wahuye n'ubwoko bwa mikorobe burwanya imiti. Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya TB ikora.

Mu bindi bihe, ethambutol ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe zitari iz'igituntu ziterwa na mikorobe, ziterwa na mikorobe zifitanye isano na TB ariko zitari kimwe. Izi ndwara zishobora kwibasira ibihaha byawe, imitsi ya lymph, cyangwa izindi ngingo, cyane cyane niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe butameze neza.

Ethambutol ikora ite?

Ethambutol ifatwa nk'umuti wica mikorobe ukomeye ukora mu kubuza mikorobe ya igituntu kubaka urukuta rwazo rw'ingabo. Ikomereza cyane cyane ku kintu cyitwa arabinosyl transferase, mikorobe ikeneye kugira ngo yubake igice cyayo cy'ingabo cyo hanze.

Iyo bagiteri itashoboye kubaka inkuta zikwiye z'uturemangingo, zihinduka ibintu byoroshye kandi zikazapfa. Iyi nzira ifata igihe, ni yo mpamvu kuvura igituntu bisaba amezi menshi. Imiti ntikora ako kanya, ariko igenda icogora bagiteri mu byumweru n'amezi yo kuyikoresha buri gihe.

Igituma ethambutol ifite agaciro cyane ni uko itera bagiteri mu buryo butandukanye n'imiti yindi ivura igituntu nka isoniazid cyangwa rifampin. Ubu buryo bwo gufata ibintu mu buryo bwinshi butuma bagiteri itagira ubwirinzi kandi ikemeza ko ikurwaho rwose kwandura.

Nkwiriye Gufata Ethambutol Nte?

Fata ethambutol uko muganga wawe abikwandikiye, akenshi rimwe ku munsi hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi. Urashobora kuyifata hamwe cyangwa utayifatanije n'ibiryo, nubwo kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bishobora kugufasha kugabanya isesemi mu gihe wumva utameze neza mu gifu.

Ni byiza gufata urugero rwawe ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urwego rwa medicament mu maraso yawe. Abantu benshi basanga bifasha guhuza gufata imiti yabo n'ibikorwa bya buri munsi, nko gufata ifunguro rya mu gitondo cyangwa kumesa amenyo, kugira ngo birinde kutibagirwa gufata imiti.

Mimina ibinini byose utabinyanyaguye, utabishishimura cyangwa utabica. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, ganira na muganga wawe ku bindi bisubizo, ariko ntukagire icyo uhindura ku binini wenyine kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo imiti ikora.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata ethambutol ako kanya, kabone n'iyo utangiye kumva umeze neza. Bagiteri ya igituntu ishobora kubaho mu mubiri wawe mu mezi menshi, kandi guhagarika kuvurwa kare bishobora gutuma ugira ubwirinzi bw'imiti no gusubira kwandura.

Nkwiriye Gufata Ethambutol Igihe Kingana Gite?

Abantu benshi bafata ethambutol mu mezi 2 ya mbere yo kuvurwa igituntu, nubwo bamwe bashobora kuyikeneye mu gihe kirekire bitewe n'uko bimeze. Igihe cyose giterwa n'ibintu nk'aho wanduriye, uko witwara ku miti, niba ufite igituntu kirwanya imiti.

Muganga wawe azakurikiza uko urwaye urwara, akoresheje ibizamini bya buri gihe, ibizamini by'amacandwe, n'imirasire ya X yo mu gituza kugira ngo amenye igihe bizaba byemewe guhagarika imiti. Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya niba mikorobe zaravuye mu mubiri wawe mbere yo kurangiza kuvurwa.

Ku barwayi ba TB barwanya imiti, ushobora gukenera gufata ethambutol mu gihe cy'amezi 6 cyangwa arenga. Ubu buvuzi bwongereweho ni ngombwa kuko mikorobe zirwanya imiti bigoye kuzikuraho kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bukaze, burebure kugira ngo birinde ko ubwandu bugaruka.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Ethambutol?

Abantu benshi bafata ethambutol neza, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitondera ni impinduka mu mbono yawe, kuko iyi ni ingaruka ikomeye ishobora guterwa n'uyu muti.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo mugihe ufata ethambutol:

• Urubavu ruto rwo mu nda cyangwa isesemi
• Umutwe
• Urugero
• Urubavu rwo mu ngingo cyangwa gukakara
• Urujijo cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge
• Uruhu rurashya cyangwa kurigata

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe zikunda kuba nto kandi akenshi zikagenda uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Ariko, ntugatinye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba zikomeye cyangwa zikomeza.

Ingaruka ikomeye yo kwitondera ni optic neuritis, igira ingaruka ku mbono yawe. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera imbono itajegajega, kugorana kubona amabara (cyane cyane umutuku n'icyatsi), cyangwa ahantu hatabona mu mbono yawe. Nubwo bidakunze kubaho, bikaba bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 1-2% bafata ethambutol, ni ngombwa kumenyesha muganga wawe impinduka zose zigaragara mu mbono yawe ako kanya.

Izindi ngaruka zikomeye ariko zitabaho cyane zirimo allergie zikomeye, ibibazo by'umwijima, na peripheral neuropathy (ubugumba cyangwa kurigata mu ntoki no mu birenge). Muganga wawe azakugenzura buri gihe kugira ngo amenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Ninde utagomba gufata Ethambutol?

Ethambutol ntabwo ikwiriye buri wese, kandi hariho ibintu byinshi aho muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo umuti utandukanye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni ukumenya niba ufite ibibazo by'amaso byari bisanzweho cyangwa ibibazo byo kureba.

Ntabwo ukwiriye gufata ethambutol niba ufite allergie kuri uwo muti cyangwa niba ufite optic neuritis. Abantu bafite ibibazo by'impyiko bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero rw'umuti kuko uwo muti usohoka binyuze mu mpyiko, kandi kwiyongera bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti.

Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 13 muri rusange ntibahabwa ethambutol kuko bashobora kutabasha kuvuga neza impinduka zo kureba. Ariko, mu gihe cy'igituntu kirwanya imiti, abaganga rimwe na rimwe barayandika ku bana bato bafite ubugenzuzi bwitondewe.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, ganira ku byago n'inyungu n'umuganga wawe. Nubwo ethambutol muri rusange ifatwa nk'umutekano kurusha indi miti imwe na imwe y'igituntu mu gihe cyo gutwita, muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu n'ibyago byose bishobora kukubaho na umwana wawe.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Ethambutol

Ethambutol iboneka mu mazina y'ubwoko butandukanye, Myambutol ikaba ariyo izwi cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Andi mazina y'ubwoko arimo Etibi na Servambutol, bitewe n'aho uherereye n'uruganda rukora imiti.

Ubwoko bwa ethambutol busanzwe buboneka kandi bukora neza nk'ubwoko bw'amazina. Farumasi yawe ishobora gusimbuza ubwoko busanzwe keretse muganga wawe asabye by'umwihariko umuti w'izina ry'ubwoko.

Bitewe n'ubwoko wakira, ibikoresho bikora n'ubushobozi biracyasa. Niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye no guhindura hagati y'ubwoko bw'amazina n'ubwoko busanzwe, ganira kuri ibi na farumasi yawe cyangwa muganga.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Ethambutol

Niba udashobora gufata ethambutol kubera ingaruka zayo cyangwa ibiyirwanya, imiti myinshi ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura igituntu. Guhitamo biterwa n'ibintu nk'uburyo umuti urwanya indwara, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uburyo wihanganira imiti itandukanye.

Streptomycin ni umuti umwe ushobora gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane mu gihe ethambutol itakwemerera. Ariko, bisaba guterwa urushinge kandi bifite ingaruka zabyo zishobora guteza ibibazo, harimo ibibazo byo kumva no kwangirika kw'impyiko.

Ku gituntu kirwanya imiti, imiti mishya nka bedaquiline, delamanid, cyangwa pretomanid ishobora kuba amahitamo. Iyi miti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gihe cy'indwara zikomeye aho imiti isanzwe itagira umumaro cyangwa idashobora gukoreshwa.

Muganga wawe azakorana n'inzobere mu bijyanye n'igituntu kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yawe. Intego ni ukubona umuti uvura neza indwara yawe mugihe ugabanya ingaruka zayo.

Ese Ethambutol iruta Streptomycin?

Ethambutol na streptomycin byombi ni imiti ivura igituntu neza, ariko bifite ibyiza n'ibibi bitandukanye. Ethambutol ikunda gukoreshwa kuko ifatirwa mu kanwa, bigatuma byoroha cyane mugihe cyo kuvurwa igihe kirekire.

Streptomycin isaba guterwa urushinge buri munsi, bishobora kurya ububabare kandi bikaba bigoye, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kuvurwa amezi menshi igituntu gisaba. Nanone bitera ibyago byinshi byo gutakaza kumva no kwangirika kw'impyiko ugereranije n'ikibazo gikomeye cya ethambutol cyo guhinduka kw'amaso.

Ariko, streptomycin ishobora guhitwamo mu bihe byihariye, nk'igihe umuntu adashobora kwihanganira ethambutol cyangwa afite igituntu kirwanya imiti ikoresha streptomycin neza. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku miterere yawe bwite mugihe afata icyemezo cy'umuti ukwiriye kuri wowe.

Imiti yombi ifite ubushobozi bungana iyo ikoreshejwe mu buryo bukwiye bwo kuvura igituntu. Guhitamo hagati yayo akenshi biterwa n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikoresha, uko bigaragara ku ngaruka zayo, n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwifashe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri Ethambutol

Q1. Ese Ethambutol irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, ethambutol muri rusange irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete, ariko gukurikiranwa byimbitse birakenewe. Diyabete irashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi y'amaboko n'amaguru, kandi ibyo byago bishobora kwiyongera gato iyo ufata ethambutol.

Muganga wawe azitaho cyane ibimenyetso byose byo gucika intege cyangwa kuribwa mu ntoki no mu birenge. Barashobora kandi gukurikirana urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe cyane, kuko imiti imwe yo kuvura igituntu ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugenzura isukari, nubwo ethambutol akenshi ntigira impinduka zikomeye ku isukari yo mu maraso.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashe ethambutol nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Niba ufata ethambutol nyinshi ku buryo butunganye kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya uburozi ako kanya. Gufata nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byo mu maso n'izindi ngaruka.

Ntugerageze gusubiza inyuma urugero rurenze urwo wahawe ukoresheje urugero rukurikira. Ahubwo, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe yo gusubira ku rugero rwawe rusanzwe rwo gufata imiti. Bika amakuru y'igihe wafatiye urugero rurenze urwo wahawe kugirango ushobore gutanga aya makuru ku muganga wawe.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije gufata urugero rwa ethambutol?

Niba wirengagije gufata urugero rwa ethambutol, ifate ako kanya wibukira, keretse igihe cyo gufata urugero rukurikira kigeze. Muricyo gihe, irengagize urugero wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata urugero ebyiri icyarimwe kugirango usubize inyuma urugero wibagiwe, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa gufata imiti, tekereza gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti kugirango ugufashe kuguma ku murongo.

Q4. Nshobora kureka gufata ethambutol ryari?

Reka gukoresha ethambutol gusa igihe muganga wawe akubwiye ko bitekanye kubikora. Iyi myanzuro ishingiye ku buryo witwara ku miti, ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko mikorobe zimaze gukurwaho, n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa TB ufite.

Abantu benshi bashobora kureka ethambutol nyuma y'amezi 2 ya mbere yo kuvurwa, ariko bamwe bashobora kuyikenera igihe kirekire. Muganga wawe azakoresha ibizamini by'amacandwe, imirasire ya X yo mu gituza, n'izindi nzira zo gukurikirana kugirango amenye igihe gikwiye cyo guhagarika umuti.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkorera ethambutol?

Nibyiza kwirinda inzoga mugihe ukoresha ethambutol n'indi miti ya TB. Inzoga irashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara umwijima, cyane cyane iyo ivanze n'indi miti ya TB nka isoniazid na rifampin akenshi ifatwa hamwe na ethambutol.

Inzoga irashobora kandi gukomeza ibindi bibazo nk'isazi n'urujijo. Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, banza ubiganireho na muganga wawe hanyuma ugabanye ibyo unywa kugirango ugabanye imikoranire n'ibibazo bishoboka.