Icyo Ezogabine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwayo, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Ezogabine ni umuti uvura ibibazo byo gufatwa n'indwara y'igicuri wahoze ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara y'igicuri mu bantu bakuru. Ariko, uyu muti wavanyweho kandi ntukiboneka ngo wandikirwe abantu bashya kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Niba uri gushakisha amakuru kuri ezogabine, ushobora kuba ushakisha amakuru yerekeye uburyo bwakoreshwaga mbere cyangwa ushakisha izindi nzira zo kuvura ibibazo byo gufatwa.

Kumenya imiti yavanyweho birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buryo uvurwa ubu. Reka dusuzume icyo ezogabine yari cyo, impamvu itagihari, n'icyo ibi bisobanuye ku kwita ku ndwara y'igicuri uyu munsi.

Ezogabine ni iki?

Ezogabine yari umuti uvura indwara y'igicuri wakoraga mu buryo butandukanye n'indi miti ivura ibibazo byo gufatwa. Yari yagenewe by'umwihariko kuvura ibibazo byo gufatwa bitangirira mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko mu bantu bakuru iyo indi miti itari gutanga umuti uhagije.

Uyu muti wari mu cyiciro cyihariye cy'imiti yitwa abafungura imiyoboro ya potasiyumu. Bitekereze nk'urufunguzo rwihariye rushobora gufungura imiyoboro yihariye mu ngirangingo z'ubwonko bwawe, rugafasha gutuza ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi birenze urugero bitera ibibazo byo gufatwa.

Ezogabine yemerejwe na FDA mu 2011 ariko yikurwaho ku bushake ku isoko mu 2017. Iki gikorwa cyabaye nyuma y'uko abashakashatsi bavumbuye ingaruka zikomeye zarenze akamaro k'uyu muti ku barwayi benshi.

Ezogabine yakoreshwaga mu kuvura iki?

Ezogabine yandikirwaga nk'umuti wongerwa ku bandi mu bantu bakuru bafite ibibazo byo gufatwa bitangirira mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko. Ibi ni ibibazo bitangirira ahantu hamwe mu bwonko bishobora cyangwa ntibishobore gukwira mu bindi bice.

Abaganga basanzwe batekereza kuri ezogabine iyo abarwayi batabonaga umuti uhagije w'ibibazo byo gufatwa mu miti bari gukoresha. Ntabwo yari igenewe gukoreshwa nk'umuti wa mbere, ahubwo nk'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura abantu bafite indwara y'igicuri itavurwa neza.

Umuti wemerejwe by'umwihariko abantu bakuru bafite imyaka 18 n'abarenzeho. Ntiwemerejwe abana, kandi abaganga basanzwe bawubikira ibibazo aho izindi mvura zageragejwe mbere.

Ezogabine yakoraga ite?

Ezogabine yakoraga ifungura imiyoboro yihariye ya potasiyumu mu turemangingo tw'ubwonko twitwa imiyoboro ya KCNQ. Iki gikorwa cyafashije guhagarika ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi muri neurone, bituma bidashoboka cyane ko bafata umuriro mu buryo budasanzwe no gutera ibibazo.

Ubu buryo bwari bwihariye ugereranije n'imiti yo guhangana n'ibibazo icyo gihe. Indi miti myinshi yo kurwanya ibibazo ikora ibuza imiyoboro ya sodium cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku zindi sisitemu za neurotransmitter, bityo ezogabine itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ibibazo.

Umuti wafashwe nk'ufite akamaro gakabije ku gikorwa cyagenewe. Ariko, inyungu zayo zidasanzwe ntizari zikomeye bihagije ngo zirengere ibyago bikomeye byagaragaye mu gihe cy'imyaka yari ku isoko.

Ezogabine yagombaga gufatwa ite?

Kuva ezogabine itagihari, iyi makuru atangwa kugira ngo yibukwe gusa. Uyu muti wasanzwe ufata gatatu ku munsi hamwe cyangwa nta funguro.

Abarwayi basanzwe batangira n'urugero ruto rwagendaga ruzamuka buhoro buhoro mu byumweru byinshi. Iyi nzamuka itinda yafashije kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti mugihe haboneka urugero ruzana umusaruro mwinshi kuri buri muntu.

Umuti wazaga mu buryo bw'ibinini kandi byari ngombwa ko bimirwa byose. Gukata cyangwa gukanda ibinini byashoboraga kugira ingaruka ku buryo umuti winjizwa kandi bishobora gutera ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Ezogabine?

Ezogabine yateje ingaruka nyinshi ziteye impungenge zatumye ikurwa ku isoko. Ibibazo bikomeye byari bifitanye isano n'imihindukire ya retina mu jisho no guhinduka kw'uruhu rwa blue-gray burundu.

Dore ingaruka zateje impungenge zikomeye mu gihe ezogabine yari ku isoko:

• Ubumuga bwo mu jisho bushobora kugira ingaruka ku miyoborere y'amaso
• Ibara ry'uruhu, iminwa, n'inzara byahindutse ubururu-buseruka
• Ibara ry'umweru w'amaso ryahindutse ubururu-buseruka
• Isazi n'urujijo
• Umunaniro n'intege nke
• Ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa no kugendera neza
• Kugorana kwibuka no kwibanda ku bintu
• Kugorana gusohora inkari (kugorana gusohora inkari zose mu mpyisi)

Ibara ry'uruhu n'amaso ryari rishyizeho impungenge zidasanzwe kuko ryagaragaraga nk'irihoraho mu bihe byinshi. Izi mpinduka ntizagarukaga nubwo bahagaritse imiti, ibyo bikaba byarateye icyemezo cyo gukuraho ezogabine ku isoko.

Ni bande batagombaga gufata Ezogabine?

Amatsinda menshi y'abantu yagiriwe inama yo kutafata ezogabine kubera ibyago byiyongereye. Umuntu wese ufite ibibazo by'amaso cyangwa amateka y'indwara yo mu jisho muri rusange ntiyabonwaga nk'umuntu ukwiriye gufata uyu muti.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima, ibibazo by'impyisi, cyangwa indwara y'umwijima nabo bahuraga n'ibibazo byinshi na ezogabine. Uyu muti washoboraga gukomeza ibi bibazo cyangwa ukagira uruhare mu bundi buvuzi.

Abagore batwite n'abateganya gutwita muri rusange bagiriwe inama yo kutafata ezogabine keretse inyungu zigaragaza neza ko ziruta ibyago. Uyu muti washoboraga kwangiza umwana ukiri mu nda.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Ezogabine

Ezogabine yagurishwaga ku izina rya Potiga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Mu bindi bihugu, yari izwi ku izina rya Trobalt, nubwo yahagaritswe ku isi yose.

Amazina yombi yerekezaga ku muti umwe ufite ikintu kimwe gikora. Amazina atandukanye yatewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwamamaza mu turere dutandukanye.

Kuva uyu muti wavanyweho ku isi yose, nta zina na rimwe ry'ubwoko ririho ryo kwandikwa ku miti mishya ahantu hose ku isi.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Ezogabine

Hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bukora ku bantu bashoboraga kuba barakoreshaga ezogabine. Imiti ya none ivura ibibazo byo gufatwa n'indwara ifite umutekano mwinshi kandi igafasha neza mu guhangana no gufatwa n'indwara igice.

Uburyo bumwe bukoreshwa cyane burimo:

• Lacosamide (Vimpat) - ikora ku miyoboro ya sodium ifite ingaruka nke
• Perampanel (Fycompa) - igamije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwakira ubwonko
• Brivaracetam (Briviact) - ifitanye isano na levetiracetam ariko ifite imitungo itandukanye
• Eslicarbazepine (Aptiom) - indi miti ifunga imiyoboro ya sodium
• Cenobamate (Xcopri) - uburyo bushya bufite uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa

Umuvuzi w'imitsi yawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bushobora gukora neza ku kibazo cyawe. Guhitamo biterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ifata umuntu, indi miti urimo gufata, n'amateka yawe bwite y'ubuzima.

Ese hari uburyo bwiza kurusha ezogabine?

Yego, ubu hari imiti myinshi ivura indwara ifata umuntu ifatwa nk'ifite umutekano mwinshi kandi akenshi ikora neza kurusha uko ezogabine yigeze gukora. Uburyo bushya ntibugira ibyago bimwe byo guhinduka kw'uruhu cyangwa kwangirika kw'amaso.

Imiti nka lacosamide na perampanel yagaragaje ibisubizo byiza mu igeragezwa ryo kuvura indwara ifata umuntu igice. Muri rusange, ifite ingaruka zoroshye kandi ntisaba gukurikiranwa cyane nk'uko ezogabine yabisabaga.

Gukuraho ezogabine byafunguye rwose inzira y'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigo bikora imiti byateje imbere imiti myinshi mishya ivura indwara ifata umuntu mu myaka yashize itanga umutekano mwinshi n'uburyo bwo gukora neza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri Ezogabine

Ese ezogabine irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Ezogabine ntikiboneka, ariko igihe yandikwaga, abantu barwaye diyabete bari bashobora kuyifata neza. Ariko, izindi ngaruka zikomeye z'iyo miti zatumye ikurwa ku isoko hatitawe ku ndwara ya diyabete.

Niba urwaye diyabete na epilepsi, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti ya none ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ibihungabanyo ifitiye abafite diyabete umutekano kandi ikagufasha kugenzura ibihungabanyo.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye umuti wa ezogabine mwinshi ku buryo butunguranye?

Kubera ko ezogabine itagikorwa, ibi ntibigomba kubaho ku miti mishya. Niba waba ufite uko wabona inyunganizi za ezogabine za kera, ubwo buryo bwo kunywa umuti mwinshi ku buryo butunguranye bwaba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi gisaba kwitabwaho mu bitaro ako kanya.

Ibimenyetso byo kunywa umuti wa ezogabine mwinshi ku buryo butunguranye bishobora kuba harimo urujijo rukabije, kutagira ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa, kugorwa no guhumeka, no gutakaza ubwenge. Ubuvuzi bwihutirwa bwaba ari ngombwa.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije kunywa urugero rwa ezogabine?

Ibi bisobanuro ni ibya kera kubera ko ezogabine itagikorwa. Mbere, abarwayi bagirwaga inama yo kunywa urugero baretse kunywa mu gihe babyibukaga, keretse igihe cyari hafi cyo kunywa urugero rukurikira.

Itegeko rusange ryari ukutagwiza urugero rwo kunywa kugira ngo hashyirweho urugero rwarenganyijwe. Niba uri kunywa umuti uwo ari wo wose wo kurwanya ibihungabanyo, kurikiza amabwiriza yihariye ya muganga wawe ku rugero rwarenganyijwe.

Abantu bashoboraga kureka kunywa ezogabine ryari?

Abarwayi bari bafata ezogabine igihe yavanywe ku isoko bakoranaga na ba muganga babo kugira ngo bahindure buhoro buhoro bakoresheje imiti isimbura. Guhagarika umuti uwo ari wo wose wo kurwanya ibihungabanyo mu buryo butunguranye bishobora gutera ibihungabanyo byateza akaga.

Iyo mpinduka yari isanzwe ikubiyemo kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rwa ezogabine mu gihe icyarimwe hatangizwa umuti usimbura. Ubu buryo bwakundaga gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo birangire neza.

Kuki koko ezogabine yavanywe ku isoko?

Ezogabine yavanyweho kubera ingaruka zikomeye, zihoraho zagaragaye nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa. Guhinduka kw'uruhu rw'ubururu-buserutse n'impinduka zo mu jisho ntizahindutse igihe abantu barekaga kunywa umuti.

Izi mpinduka zihoraho, zifatanyije no kuboneka kw'ibindi bisimbura byizewe, byatumye uruganda rukura ezogabine ku bushake. Ibiza byari byarushijeho kuba byinshi ugereranije n'akamaro k'uyu muti watangaga.