Icyo Galantamine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwayo, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Galantamine ni umuti wandikirwa abantu cyane cyane uvura ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bworoshye kugeza buringaniye buterwa n'indwara ya Alzheimer. Uyu muti ubarirwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa cholinesterase inhibitors, ikora ifasha selile zo mu bwonko kuvugana neza kurushaho.

Niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda yarandikiwe galantamine, birashoboka ko ushaka amakuru asobanutse kandi ashimishije yerekeye uko ikora n'icyo wakwitega. Reka tunyuremo ibyo byose ukeneye kumenya kuri uyu muti mu magambo yoroshye kandi akora.

Galantamine ni iki?

Galantamine ni umuti wo mu bwonko ufasha kugabanya gutakaza urwibutso n'ibibazo byo gutekereza ku bantu barwaye indwara ya Alzheimer. Ukomoka ku kintu gisanzwe kiboneka mu ndabo za snowdrop na daffodils, nubwo umuti ubona ukorerwa muri laboratori.

Uyu muti ntuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko ushobora gufasha gukomeza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no gukora imirimo ya buri munsi igihe runaka. Tekereza nk'uko uha sisitemu yo mu bwonko bwawe imbaraga zoroheje igihe ikeneye ubufasha bwihariye.

Galantamine iboneka mu buryo bw'ibinini bisanzwe, ibinini bifata igihe kinini, n'umuti w'amazi. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku byo ukeneye byihariye n'uburyo ushobora kumira imiti itandukanye.

Galantamine ikoreshwa mu iki?

Galantamine yandikirwa cyane cyane ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bworoshye kugeza buringaniye bufitanye isano n'indwara ya Alzheimer. Ifasha kunoza cyangwa gukomeza imikorere y'ubwenge nk'urwibutso, gutekereza, n'ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira galantamine igihe urimo guhura n'ibibazo by'urwibutso, urujijo, cyangwa ingorane mu mirimo ya buri munsi nko gucunga imari cyangwa gutegura amafunguro. Uyu muti ukora neza iyo utangiriye mu ntangiriro z'indwara ya Alzheimer.

Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga bashobora kwandikira galantamine kubera izindi ndwara zijyanye n'urwibutso, nubwo ibyo bidakunze kubaho. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi mbere yo kugusaba ubu buvuzi.

Galantamine ikora ite?

Galantamine ikora ibuza enzyme yitwa acetylcholinesterase, isanzwe isenya acetylcholine mu bwonko bwawe. Acetylcholine ni ubutumwa bwa chimique bufasha selile z'imitsi kuvugana, cyane cyane ku rwibutso no kwiga.

Muri indwara ya Alzheimer, akenshi ntihaboneka acetylcholine ihagije kugira ngo selile z'ubwonko zivugane neza. Mu kubuza enzyme isenya, galantamine ifasha kubungabunga iyi chimique y'ubwonko y'ingenzi.

Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ufite akamaro gakabije aho kuba uburyo bukomeye bwo kuvura. Muri rusange itanga impinduka ntoya mu mikorere y'ubwenge kandi ishobora gufasha kugabanya uko ibimenyetso bigenda mu mezi make cyangwa imyaka mike.

Nkwiriye gufata galantamine nte?

Fata galantamine nk'uko muganga wawe abikwandikira, akenshi kabiri ku munsi hamwe n'ifunguro rya mu gitondo n'irya nimugoroba. Kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bifasha kugabanya isesemi kandi bigateza imbere uburyo umubiri wawe wunguka umuti.

Ku mabuye asanzwe, uyumira yose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi. Ibikoresho birebire ntibigomba na rimwe gukubitwa, kuribwa, cyangwa gufungurwa. Niba ufata ifishi y'amazi, koresha igikoresho cyagenewe kugipima kugirango wemeze ko ufata urugero rukwiye.

Gerageza gufata imiti yawe mu gihe kimwe buri munsi kugirango ugumane urwego ruzigama mu mubiri wawe. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kwibuka imiti, tekereza gushyiraho alarme ya terefone cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti.

Birafasha kurya ikintu gikomeye mbere yo gufata galantamine, atari agafunguro gato gusa. Ibifite poroteyine cyangwa ibinure birashobora kuba byiza cyane mu gukumira uburibwe bwo mu gifu.

Nkwiriye gufata galantamine igihe kingana iki?

Abantu benshi bafata galantamine mu mezi menshi kugeza ku myaka myinshi, igihe cyose ikomeje gutanga akamaro kandi yihanganirwa neza. Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe uko umuti ukora neza niba ukwiye gukomeza kuwufata.

Akamaro ka galantamine akenshi kagaragara cyane mu mezi atandatu ya mbere kugeza ku myaka ibiri y'ubuvuzi. Nyuma yaho, umuti ushobora gufasha kugabanya ikibazo kurusha gutanga impinduka zigaragara.

Muganga wawe ashobora guteganya ibizamini bisanzwe buri mezi atatu cyangwa atandatu kugirango agenzure uko witwara ku muti. Uru ruzinduko rufasha kumenya niba galantamine igifasha kandi niba hari ibikenewe guhindurwa ku rugero rw'umuti.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata galantamine ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. Niba guhagarika ari ngombwa, muganga wawe ashobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rw'umuti wawe kugirango agabanye ingaruka zishobora guterwa no guhagarika umuti.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Galantamine?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, galantamine irashobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo atari buri wese uzibona. Ingaruka nyinshi ziba zoroheje kugeza hagati kandi akenshi zirushaho gukira uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo ibibazo byo mu gifu no kutumva neza muri rusange. Ibi nibyo abantu benshi babona iyo batangira gufata galantamine:

• Isesemi no kuruka
• Impiswi cyangwa imyanda yoroshye
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugabanya ibiro
• Urugero cyangwa kubabara umutwe
• Kunanirwa cyangwa intege nke
• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa kutagira igifu cyiza

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe akenshi zibaho mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuvuzi kandi akenshi zigabanya umubabaro uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti.

Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye ariko zitagaragara cyane zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bwa muganga. Nubwo bidasanzwe, ni ngombwa kubimenya:

• Umutima utera gahoro cyangwa utagenda neza
• Urubavu rubabaza cyangwa guhumeka bigoye
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa kumagara umubiri
• Guta igihagararo cyangwa kuribwa cyane umutwe
• Amaguru acika intege cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi
• Udukorwa tw'umubiri cyangwa gufatwa n'indwara y'igicuri
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima nk'uruhu cyangwa amaso by'umuhondo

Niba ubonye izi ngaruka zikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Ninde utagomba gufata Galantamine?

Galantamine ntikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi umuganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyikwandikira. Indwara zimwe na zimwe n'imiti irashobora gutuma galantamine idatekanye cyangwa idatanga umusaruro.

Ntugomba gufata galantamine niba uyirwaye cyangwa wigeze kugira ibibazo bikomeye byatewe n'imiti isa nayo mu bihe byashize. Umuganga wawe azitonda kandi niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Abantu bafite ibi bikurikira bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa byihariye cyangwa ntibashobore gufata galantamine mu buryo butekanye:

• Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Ibibazo by'umutima cyangwa umutima utera gahoro
• Ibibazo by'igifu cyangwa indwara zituma amaraso ava
• Asima cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka
• Indwara zifata ubwonko cyangwa igicuri
• Ibibazo by'urugingo rw'inkari cyangwa inzira y'inkari

Buri gihe bwire umuganga wawe imiti yose ufata, harimo n'imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga n'ibyongerera imbaraga, kuko bimwe bishobora gukurura ibibazo hamwe na galantamine.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Galantamine

Galantamine iboneka mu mazina atandukanye y'ubwoko, Razadyne ikaba ariyo ikoreshwa cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Ushobora kandi kubona igurishwa nka Razadyne ER kubera uburyo ikoreshwa igihe kirekire.

Andi mazina y'ubwoko arimo Reminyl, ryari izina ry'ubwoko rya mbere mbere yo guhindurwa Razadyne. Ubwoko bwa galantamine busanzwe buraboneka kandi bukora neza kimwe n'ubwoko bw'amazina.

Farumasi yawe ishobora gusimbuza umuti rusange keretse muganga wawe asabye by'umwihariko izina ry'urugero. Galantamine rusange ikubiyemo ibintu bikora kimwe kandi bikora kimwe, akenshi ku giciro gito.

Izindi nshingano za Galantamine

Niba galantamine itagukundiye cyangwa ikagutera ingaruka zikomeye, muganga wawe afite izindi nzira nyinshi zo gusuzuma. Izindi cholinesterase inhibitors zikora kimwe na galantamine ariko zishobora kwihanganirwa neza nabantu bamwe.

Donepezil (Aricept) ni indi cholinesterase inhibitor akenshi igeragezwa mbere kuko ikeneye gufatwa rimwe gusa ku munsi. Rivastigmine (Exelon) iboneka nk'ibinini, amazi, cyangwa ibishishwa byo ku ruhu, bishobora gufasha abantu bagorwa no kumira.

Kubantu bafite indwara ya Alzheimer ikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma memantine (Namenda), ikora muburyo butandukanye na galantamine kandi rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na cholinesterase inhibitors.

Uburyo butari ubw'imiti nka cognitive therapy, imyitozo ya buri gihe, no kwifatanya nabandi nabyo bishobora kuba ibintu byingirakamaro byongerwa muri gahunda iyo ariyo yose yo kuvura ibibazo byo kwibuka.

Ese Galantamine iruta Donepezil?

Galantamine na donepezil ni imiti ikora neza indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko nta n'imwe iruta iyindi. Guhitamo hagati yabo biterwa nuburyo wabyakiriye, ingaruka ziterwa, no gukunda kw'imiti.

Galantamine ishobora gukora muburyo butandukanye gato kuko ifite uburyo bwongereyeho bwo gukora uretse gusa guhagarika acetylcholinesterase. Ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko bushobora gutanga inyungu zihwanye, ariko itandukaniro muri rusange ni rito.

Donepezil ifite akamaro ko gufata umuti rimwe ku munsi, bishobora koroha kwibuka no gucunga. Galantamine isaba gufata umuti kabiri ku munsi ariko ishobora gutera ibibazo bito byo gusinzira kubantu bamwe.

Umuganga wawe azatekereza ku bintu nk'imiti yindi ufata, indwara ufite, n'uko wihanganira buri muti igihe agushyiriraho umuti. Rimwe na rimwe kugerageza umuti umwe mbere bifasha kumenya uwo ukora neza kuri wowe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Galantamine

Q1. Ese Galantamine ifite umutekano ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Galantamine ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima n'umuvuduko wawo, bityo abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima bakeneye gukurikiranwa by'umwihariko igihe bafata uyu muti. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma neza ubuzima bw'umutima wawe mbere yo kugushyiriraho galantamine.

Niba ufite ibibazo by'umutima, umuganga wawe ashobora gutegeka gukora electrocardiogram (ECG) mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa kandi akagenzura umuvuduko w'umutima wawe igihe runaka. Abantu benshi bafite indwara z'umutima zidakuka bashobora gufata galantamine mu buryo bwizewe hamwe n'ubugenzuzi bw'abaganga bukwiye.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye galantamine nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba unyweye galantamine nyinshi, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa uhamagare abashinzwe ubutabazi. Kunywa umuti mwinshi bishobora gutera isesemi ikabije, kuruka, umuvuduko w'umutima ugenda gake, umuvuduko w'amaraso muke, ndetse n'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero bishobora guteza akaga.

Ntugategereze kureba niba ibimenyetso bigaragara - shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ucyeka ko wanyweye umuti mwinshi. Zana icupa ry'umuti kugira ngo bifashe abaganga gusobanukirwa neza icyo wanyoye n'ingano yacyo.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije gufata galantamine?

Niba wibagiwe gufata umuti, uwufate ako kanya wibukire, ariko niba hashize amasaha make gusa uhereye igihe wari wateganyirijwe. Niba igihe cyo gufata umuti ukurikira kigeze, reka gufata umuti wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata imiti ibiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usubize umuti wibagiwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa gufata imiti, vugana n'umuganga wawe kuri gahunda zagufasha kwibuka.

Q4. Nshobora kureka gufata galantamine ryari?

Icyemezo cyo guhagarika galantamine kigomba gufatirwa inama na muganga wawe. Ushobora gutekereza guhagarika niba ubonye ingaruka zidakira, niba umuti usa nkutagifasha, cyangwa niba uburwayi bwawe bwifashe nabi cyane.

Muganga wawe azagufasha gupima inyungu n'ibibazo byo gukomeza cyangwa guhagarika umuti. Niba uhagaritse, muganga wawe ashobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rwawe aho guhagarika ako kanya.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba mfata Galantamine?

Nibyiza kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda inzoga mugihe ufata galantamine. Inzoga irashobora gukomeza ingaruka za galantamine, cyane cyane isereri, gusinzira, n'ibibazo byo guhuza ibintu.

Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, bikore mu rugero ruto kandi witondere cyane kugwa cyangwa impanuka. Buri gihe ganira ku mikoreshereze yawe y'inzoga na muganga wawe kugirango batange inama zihariye zishingiye ku buzima bwawe muri rusange.