Gefitinib ni iki: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Gefitinib ni umuti w'indwara ya kanseri ugamije guhagarika proteyine zihariye zifasha kanseri zimwe na zimwe zo mu bihaha gukura. Ni kimwe mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ikora nk'imfunguzo zihariye zijyana mu nkingi z'uturemangingo twa kanseri kugira ngo zihagarike gukura kwazo. Uyu muti unyobwa mu kanwa wabaye uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura abantu bafite ubwoko bwihariye bwa kanseri yo mu bihaha idafite uturemangingo duto, bitanga icyizere binyuze mu buryo bwihariye.

Gefitinib ni iki?

Gefitinib ni umuti wandikirwa n'abaganga ugamije kuvura kanseri yo mu bihaha idafite uturemangingo duto (NSCLC). Iherereye mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Tekereza nk'umuti uhagarika molekile zibuza uturemangingo twa kanseri kwakira ibimenyetso bakeneye kugira ngo byororoke kandi bikwire.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo bw'ibinini binyobwa mu kanwa, bituma byoroha kurusha imiti myinshi ya kanseri isaba gusura ibitaro kugira ngo iterwe. Gefitinib yihariye igamije uturemangingo twa kanseri dufite impinduka zihariye za genetike, cyane cyane impinduka za EGFR, ziboneka muri 10-15% bya kanseri zo mu bihaha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika na 50% mu baturage bamwe bo muri Aziya.

Gefitinib ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Gefitinib ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura kanseri yo mu bihaha idafite uturemangingo duto yimuka mu bandi bantu bafite ibibyimba bifite impinduka zihariye za EGFR. Muganga wawe azagerageza igice cya kanseri yawe kugira ngo yemeze ko izo mpinduka zihari mbere yo kwandika uyu muti. Ubu buryo bwo kugerageza ni ingenzi kuko gefitinib ikora neza iyo izi mpinduka zihariye za genetike zibonetse mu turemangingo twa kanseri yawe.

Uyu muti akenshi wandikirwa iyo kanseri y'ibihaha yafashe ibindi bice by'umubiri cyangwa igihe kubagwa bidashoboka. Akenshi ukoreshwa nk'umuti wa mbere ku bantu bafite kanseri y'ibihaha ya EGFR-positive, bivuze ko ushobora kuba ari wo muti wa mbere muganga wawe agushyiriraho. Abaganga bamwe bashobora no kuwandika nyuma y'uko izindi nshuti zitagize icyo zikora neza.

Gefitinib ikora ite?

Gefitinib ikora ibara ikingira poroteyine ya EGFR, ikora nk'ikimenyetso cyo gukura imbere mu turemangingo twa kanseri. Iyo iyi poroteyine ikora cyane kubera impinduka za genetike, yohereza ibimenyetso bihoraho byo "gukura no kwiyongera" ku turemangingo twa kanseri. Gefitinib mu by'ukuri izimya iki kimenyetso, igafasha kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika gukura kwa kanseri.

Uyu muti ufata nk'umuti wa kanseri ukomeye mu buryo buciriritse ufite uburyo bwihariye. Bitandukanye na shimi ya gakondo igira ingaruka ku turemangingo twombi twuzuye n'uturwaye kanseri, gefitinib yihariye yibanda kuri poroteyine zahindutse mu turemangingo twa kanseri. Iki gikorwa cyihariye akenshi gisobanura ingaruka nke ugereranije na shimi yagutse, nubwo uyu ari umuti ukomeye ugomba gukurikiranwa neza.

Iki gikorwa cyo gukinga kibera ku rwego rw'uturemangingo, aho gefitinib ihanganye n'ibintu bisanzwe byo gukura kubera ahantu ho guhura kuri poroteyine ya EGFR. Iyo gefitinib ihuriye n'ibi bice ahubwo, birinda uturemangingo twa kanseri kwakira ibimenyetso byo gukura, bishobora gutuma bahagarika kwiyongera cyangwa no gupfa.

Nkwiriye gufata Gefitinib nte?

Fata gefitinib nk'uko byategetswe na muganga wawe, akenshi rimwe ku munsi ku gihe kimwe buri munsi. Urashobora kuyifata hamwe cyangwa udafite ibiryo, ariko kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bishobora gufasha kugabanya indwara yo mu gifu niba hari icyo ubona. Mimina ikinini cyose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi, kandi ntukoreshe, ntukore cyangwa uyimenagure.

Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, urashobora gushonga gefitinib mu mazi asanzwe. Jya uta ikinini mu gice kimwe cy'ikirahure cy'amazi, uvange kugeza gishonze rwose, hanyuma unywe urwo ruvange ako kanya. Sukura ikirahure n'andi mazi hanyuma unywe nabyo kugira ngo wemeze ko ubonye urugero rwose.

Gerageza gufata gefitinib ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urugero ruzigama mu mubiri wawe. Abantu benshi babona ko bifasha guhuza gufata imiti yabo n'ibikorwa bya buri munsi, nk'ifunguro rya mu gitondo cyangwa kumesa amenyo. Ibi bigenda neza bifasha kwemeza ko umuti ukora neza.

Mbonye Gefitinib Mvuga Ryari?

Igihe cyo kuvura na gefitinib gitandukanye cyane ku muntu ku muntu kandi biterwa n'uburyo kanseri yawe yitwara neza ku muti. Abantu bamwe barashobora kuyifata amezi menshi, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukomeza kuvurwa imyaka myinshi. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko witwara binyuze mu masomo asanzwe n'ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo amenye igihe cyiza cyo kuvura kuri wowe.

Ubusanzwe uzakomeza gufata gefitinib igihe cyose ikora kugenzura kanseri yawe kandi wihanganira ingaruka zayo neza. Muganga wawe azasuzuma buri gihe niba umuti ugikora neza binyuze mu masomo yerekana nk'amasomo ya CT cyangwa PET, mubisanzwe buri mezi 2-3 mbere na mbere.

Niba kanseri yawe ihagaritse gusubiza kuri gefitinib cyangwa niba ugize ingaruka zikomeye, muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo ahindure gahunda yawe yo kuvura. Ibi bishobora gufata guhindura urugero, gufata akaruhuko ko kuvura, cyangwa guhindurira ku muti utandukanye. Intego ni ukubona uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura kanseri yawe no gukomeza ubuzima bwawe.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Ziterwa na Gefitinib?

Kimwe n'imiti yose ivura kanseri, gefitinib ishobora gutera ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, nubwo abantu benshi bayihanganira neza kurusha imiti gakondo ya kanseri. Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zikunze gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku murwayi no kumukurikirana. Kumenya ibyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite icyizere ku buvuzi bwawe.

Dore ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti zikunze kugaragara zikunze kugaragara ku bantu benshi bafata gefitinib:

• Ibibazo byo ku ruhu: Uruhu rumeze nk'ibibyimba, uruhu rwumye, cyangwa kuribwa kw'uruhu, cyane cyane ku maso no hejuru y'umubiri
• Ibibazo byo mu gifu: Impiswi, isesemi, kuruka, cyangwa kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Impinduka z'inzara: Inzara zicikagurika, zacitse, cyangwa zanduye
• Ibibazo byo mu kanwa: Ibisebe bito cyangwa kuribwa imbere mu kanwa
• Umunaniro: Kumva urushye kurusha uko bisanzwe cyangwa kubura imbaraga
• Ibibazo by'amaso: Amaso yumye, kuribwa, cyangwa kwiyongera kw'ubwumvikane ku rumuri

Inyinshi muri izi ngaruka zisanzwe ziterwa n'imiti zoroheje kugeza ku ziciriritse kandi akenshi zikongera gukira uko umubiri wawe ukimenyereza umuti. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rishobora gutanga ingamba zihariye zo gucunga neza buri kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso.

Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'imiti zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Nubwo ibi bidakunze kugaragara, ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitaho:

• Ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka: Kugufiha gushya cyangwa gukomera, inkorora, cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Ibibazo by'umwijima: Uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo, inkari z'umukara, cyangwa kuribwa cyane mu nda
• Uruhu rukomeye: Uruhu rwakwiriye hose, ibibyimba, cyangwa uruhu rwiruka
• Ibibazo by'umutima: Umutima utera nabi, kuribwa mu gituza, cyangwa kubyimba amaguru cyangwa ibirenge
• Impiswi zikomeye: Imyanda irenga 6 idafashe ku munsi cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kumuka amazi mu mubiri

Niba wumva ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa. Ibi bimenyetso, nubwo bitajya bibaho kenshi, bisaba kwitabwaho vuba kugira ngo umutekano wawe n'imibereho yawe byizwe.

Hariho kandi ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe ariko bishobora kuba bikomeye bibaho ku gice gito cy'abantu. Ibi birimo kubyimba bikomeye kw'ibihaha (indwara y'ibihaha byo hagati), kwangirika gukomeye kw'umwijima, cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye by'amaso bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iyerekwa. Umuganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso n'ibizamini byo kureba uko umeze kugira ngo amenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Ninde utagomba gufata Gefitinib?

Gefitinib ntibereye buri wese, kandi ibibazo by'ubuzima cyangwa ibihe runaka bishobora gutuma bidatekanye ko ufata uyu muti. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze ubu mbere yo kugutera gefitinib. Iri suzuma ryimbitse rifasha kumenya neza ko umuti utekanye kandi ukwiriye kubera uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Ntugomba gufata gefitinib niba ufite allergie izwi ku muti cyangwa ibikoresho byawo byose. Ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'allergie birimo uruhu rukomeye, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa kubyimba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo. Niba waragize allergie ku miti isa n'iyi mu gihe gishize, menya kubibwira umuganga wawe.

Ibibazo by'ubuzima runaka bisaba kwitonderwa cyangwa bishobora gutuma gefitinib itakwiriye kuri wowe. Ibi bibazo bisaba isuzuma ryitondewe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima:

• Indwara ikomeye y’umwijima: Umwijima wawe utunganya gefitinib, bityo ibibazo bikomeye by’umwijima bishobora guteza akaga
• Indwara ikomeye y’impyiko: Nubwo bitajyenda bibaho kenshi, ibibazo by’impyiko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ukoresha imiti
• Udukoko dukora mu bihaha: Ibi bishobora kwitiranywa cyangwa bikongerwa n’ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku bihaha
• Ibibazo bikomeye by’umutima: Gefitinib rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima cyangwa imikorere yawo
• Udukoko dukora mu maso: Uyu muti ushobora gutera ibibazo by’amaso, bishobora kuzahazwa n’indwara zisanzwe zihari

Kugira inda no konsa bisaba kwitondera cyane iyo utekereza gukoresha gefitinib. Uyu muti ushobora kwangiza abana bakiri bato, bityo niba utwite cyangwa ufite gahunda yo gutwita, bigomba kuganirwaho neza na muganga wawe. Abagabo n’abagore bakoresha gefitinib bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo kuboneza urubyaro mu gihe bavurwa no mu mezi make nyuma yo guhagarika imiti.

Niba uri konsa, birashoboka ko uzagomba kubihagarika mbere yo gutangira gukoresha gefitinib, kuko uyu muti ushobora kujya mu mata kandi bikaba byangiza umwana wawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gupima ibyago n’inyungu no kuganira ku gihe niba ufite gahunda yo konsa mu gihe kizaza.

Amazina y’ubwoko bwa Gefitinib

Gefitinib ikunze kuboneka ku izina ry’ubwoko rya Iressa. Iri ni ryo zina ry’ubwoko ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere igihe uyu muti wemezwaga bwa mbere kandi riguma kuba izina rizwi cyane rya gefitinib ku isi hose. Iyo muganga wawe aguhaye gefitinib, birashoboka ko uzabona "gefitinib" cyangwa "Iressa" ku icupa ry’umuti wawe.

Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, gefitinib ishobora kuboneka mu mazina y'ubucuruzi atandukanye cyangwa mu buryo bwa rusange. Niba uri mu rugendo cyangwa ufata imiti mu bice bitandukanye, birafasha kumenya izina rusange (gefitinib) n'izina ry'ubucuruzi (Iressa) kugirango wirinde urujijo. Buri gihe genzura na farumasi yanyu ko murimo guhabwa umuti ukwiye.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Gefitinib

Imiti itandukanye ikora kimwe na gefitinib mu kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ya EGFR-positive. Ubu buryo bwo gusimbuza bushobora gutekerezwa niba gefitinib itagikora neza, niba urwanya umuti, cyangwa niba ugira ingaruka zidakira. Muganga wawe azagufasha kumenya uburyo bwo gusimbuza bwiza bushingiye ku miterere yihariye ya kanseri yawe n'amateka y'imivurire.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza busanzwe burimo izindi inhibitors za EGFR nka erlotinib (Tarceva) na afatinib (Gilotrif). Iyi miti ikora hakoreshejwe uburyo busa ariko ishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora butandukanye. Abantu bamwe batitabira gefitinib bashobora kugira intsinzi nziza hamwe n'ubu buryo bwo gusimbuza.

Ku bantu kanseri yabo irwanya inhibitors za EGFR z'uruvange rwa mbere nka gefitinib, imiti mishya nka osimertinib (Tagrisso) ishobora gushyirwaho. Uyu muti wa EGFR inhibitor wo mu gisekuru cya gatatu akenshi ushobora gutsinda ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo kurwanya buterwa no kuvurwa na gefitinib.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bundi bushobora kuba burimo imiti gakondo ya chemotherapy, immunotherapy, cyangwa imiti ihuriweho, bitewe n'imiterere yihariye ya kanseri yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu by'indwara z'umubiri azakorana nawe kugirango akore gahunda yuzuye yo kuvura izirikana uburyo bwose buhari.

Ese Gefitinib iruta Erlotinib?

Gefitinib na erlotinib zombi ni imiti ikora neza mu guhagarika EGFR, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko zifite ubushobozi bungana mu kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ya EGFR-positive. Guhitamo hagati yazo akenshi biterwa n'ibintu by'umuntu ku giti cye nk'uburyo umubiri wihanganira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, uburyo bwo kuyifata, n'imiterere yihariye ya kanseri aho kuba imwe iruta iyindi.

Ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko hari itandukaniro rito mu ngaruka ziterwa n'imiti. Gefitinib ishobora gutera impiswi nkeya n'ibibazo byo ku ruhu ku bantu bamwe, mugihe erlotinib ishobora gufatanya n'uburyo butandukanye bw'ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti. Ariko, itandukaniro riri hagati yazo ni rito, kandi uburyo umuntu abyakira buratandukanye cyane.

Icyemezo cyo guhitamo hagati ya gefitinib na erlotinib gikunze guterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, harimo imiterere ya kanseri yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, izindi miti urimo gufata, n'ibyo wowe wifuza. Muganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri azatekereza kuri ibi byose igihe agushakira umuti ukwiriye.

Imiti yombi yagaragaje ko ifite akamaro mu kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ya EGFR-positive, kandi yombi irashobora kuzamura cyane ubuzima bw'abantu bafite ubu bwoko bwa kanseri. Guhitamo

Abaganga bawe bazashaka gukurikirana urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe cyane iyo utangiye gufata gefitinib, cyane cyane mu byumweru bya mbere by'imiti. Niba ubonye isesemi ikomeye cyangwa impinduka mu rwego rw'amavuta, ushobora gukenera guhindura imiti ya diyabete yawe cyangwa gahunda y'ifunguro ryawe kugira ngo ugumane urugero rwiza rw'isukari mu maraso.

Q2. Nzakora iki niba nifashishije gefitinib nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba ufashishije gefitinib nyinshi mu buryo butunganye kurusha uko byategetswe, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubumara ako kanya, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Gufata gefitinib nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane impiswi ikabije, ibibazo byo ku ruhu, cyangwa ibibazo by'umwijima. Ntuzategereze kureba niba ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere yo gushaka ubufasha.

Iyo uhamagaye usaba ubufasha, ujyane icupa ry'imiti yawe kugira ngo ushobore gutanga amakuru nyayo yerekeye urugero wafashe n'igihe. Niba bishoboka, ujyane kandi urutonde rw'indi miti yawe. Ntukagerageze na rimwe "gusubiza" ku kirenze urugero rwa dose ukoresheje kwirengagiza dose yawe ikurikira keretse niba byategetswe na muganga wawe.

Q3. Nzakora iki niba nirengagije dose ya gefitinib?

Niba wirengagije dose ya gefitinib, yifate ako kanya wibuka, keretse niba biri mu masaha 12 mbere ya dose yawe iteganyijwe. Muri icyo gihe, irengagize dose yirengagijwe hanyuma ufate dose yawe ikurikira ku gihe gisanzwe. Ntukigere ufata dose ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usubize dose yirengagijwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa dose, tekereza gushyiraho alarume ya buri munsi cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'ibinini kugira ngo ugufashe kwibuka. Kugumana urugero rwa gefitinib mu mubiri wawe ni ngombwa kugira ngo imiti ikore neza, bityo gukora gahunda igukwiriye ni ngombwa kugira ngo uvurwe neza.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata gefitinib?

Ugomba guhagarika gufata gefitinib gusa uyobowe n'umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri. Umwanzuro wo guhagarika biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, harimo uburyo umuti urimo kugenzura kanseri yawe, ingaruka zikubaho, niba kanseri yawe yaragize ubudahangarwa ku buvuzi. Ntukigere uhagarika gufata gefitinib ku giti cyawe, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza.

Muganga wawe azajya akurikirana uko umubiri wawe witwara kuri gefitinib binyuze mu bipimo byerekana ishusho y'umubiri, ibizamini by'amaraso, n'ibizamini by'umubiri. Niba kanseri yawe itagikora ku muti cyangwa niba ugize ingaruka zikomeye zitashobora gucungwa, muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo agushyire mu buryo bwo kuvurwa butandukanye mu buryo bwizewe.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa gefitinib?

Nubwo nta mikoranire ya gefitinib n'inzoga, muri rusange birasabwa kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda inzoga mugihe cyo kuvurwa kanseri. Zombi gefitinib n'inzoga bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe, kandi kuzivanga bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umwijima. Byongeye kandi, inzoga zirashobora gutuma ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zirushaho kuba mbi nk'isuka, umunaniro, cyangwa kumva umubiri wumye.

Niba uhisemo kunywa inzoga rimwe na rimwe, banza ubiganireho na muganga wawe. Bashobora gutanga ubujyanama bwihariye bushingiye ku buzima bwawe muri rusange, imikorere y'umwijima, n'uburyo wihanganira gefitinib. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kwirinda inzoga rwose cyangwa kuzigabanya ku bwinshi gake.