Ni iki Glucagon Nasal Route: Ibikoresho, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Glucagon nasal route ni umuti w'ubuzima utabara mu gihe cy'ihutirwa uza mu ishusho ya spray yo mu mazuru yo kuvura isukari nkeya ikabije mu maraso (hypoglycemia) ku bantu barwaye diyabete. Uyu mumisemburo ukora vuba ufasha kuzamura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe igihe utazi ibikubaho cyangwa udashobora kumira ibinini bya glucose cyangwa ibinyobwa birimo isukari.

Bitekerezeho nk'umugambi wawe w'ubutabazi bwihutirwa igihe diyabete igufashe utiteguye. Spray yo mu mazuru itanga glucagon yinjira mu mazuru yawe, bigatuma byorohereza abagize umuryango cyangwa inshuti kugufasha mu gihe cy'ihutirwa rya diyabete.

Ni iki Glucagon Nasal Route ari cyo?

Glucagon nasal route ni verisiyo ya sintetike ya glucagon, umusemburo umubiri wawe ukora mu buryo busanzwe wo kuzamura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Iza mu gikoresho cya spray yo mu mazuru cyiteguye gukoreshwa kitasaba kuvanga cyangwa guterwa inshinge.

Ubusanzwe umubiri wawe ureka glucagon igihe isukari mu maraso igabanutse cyane. Uyu muti wigana uwo murongo w'umubiri usanzwe ukora wo kubwira umwijima wawe kurekura glucose yabitswe mu maraso yawe. Spray yo mu mazuru ikora mu minota 15, bituma ikwiriye cyane mu bihe by'ihutirwa igihe buri segonda ryose ribarwa.

Bitandukanye na glucagon iterwa mu nshinge isaba gutegurwa, spray yo mu mazuru yuzuye mbere kandi yiteguye gukoreshwa. Ibi bituma byorohereza cyane abagize umuryango bashobora kumva bafite impungenge zo gutanga inshinge mu gihe cy'ihutirwa.

Glucagon Nasal Route ikoreshwa mu iki?

Uyu muti uvura hypoglycemia ikabije (isukari nkeya mu maraso) ku bantu barwaye diyabete batazi ibikubaho cyangwa badashobora gufata isukari mu kanwa. Yagenewe by'umwihariko ibihe by'ihutirwa igihe umuntu adashobora kwifasha.

Ushobora gukenera spray ya glucagon yo mu mazuru niba isukari yawe mu maraso imanuka munsi ya 70 mg/dL kandi ukagira urujijo, ibibazo byo mu bwonko, cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo ufata insuline nyinshi, ukareka kurya, ukora imyitozo irenze ibisanzwe, cyangwa ukanywa inzoga udafite ibiryo bihagije.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa kandi iyo umurwayi wa diyabete agize urujijo rwinshi cyangwa agahagarara kubera isukari nke mu maraso ku buryo yanga kurya cyangwa kunywa ikintu icyo aricyo cyose gishira. Muri ibyo bihe, uyu muti wo mu mazuru ushobora kuba igisubizo cyiza kuruta kugerageza gushyira ibiryo cyangwa amazi mu kanwa ke ku ngufu.

Ni gute Glucagon yo mu mazuru ikora?

Glucagon yo mu mazuru ikora itegeka umwijima wawe gusenya glycogen yabitswe ikayihindura glucose ikayisuka mu maraso yawe. Iyi nzira isanzwe izamura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso mu minota 15 nyuma yo kuyikoresha.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ufite imbaraga ziringaniye kandi ufite akamaro kanini mu bihe by'ubutabazi. Iyo uwuteye mu zuru ryawe, glucagon yinjira mu bice byo mu mazuru ikinjira mu maraso yawe vuba, itanyuze mu nzira yo mu gifu.

Umwijima wawe ukora nk'ikigo kibika glucose, kandi glucagon ni urufunguzo rufungura ayo masoko y'imbaraga. Uyu muti wo mu mazuru utanga glucagon ihagije kugira ngo itere iyi ntungamubiri, kabone niyo waba utazi ibikubaho cyangwa udashobora gusubiza mu buryo busanzwe.

Nagomba gute gufata Glucagon yo mu mazuru?

Umuti wa Glucagon wo mu mazuru ugomba gukoreshwa gusa mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bukomeye bwa hypoglycemic iyo udashobora gufata glucose mu kanwa. Umuntu ugufasha agomba gukuraho ikintu gipfuka umuti n'ikimenyetso cy'umutuku cy'umutekano, hanyuma ashyireho urubavu rw'igikoresho mu zuru rimwe.

Uku niko umuntu agomba kugufasha kuyikoresha mu gihe cy'ubutabazi:

1. Kura ikintu gipfuka umuti
2. Kura ikimenyetso cy'umutekano cy'umutuku kuva hasi
3. Shyira urubavu rw'igikoresho mu zuru ryawe kugeza intoki zabo zikoze hanze y'izuru ryawe
4. Kanda ku kintu gishushanya umuti cyane hasi na gatoki kabo
5. Kura igikoresho hanyuma uhamagare serivisi z'ubutabazi ako kanya

Ntabwo ukeneye guhumeka, kunukirwa, cyangwa gutegura igikoresho. Umuti ukora kabone n'iyo ufite izuru ryazibye cyangwa ibicurane. Nyuma yo gukoresha umuti wo mu mazuru, umuntu agomba kukuryamisha ku ruhande kugira ngo wirinde guhagarara guhumeka niba waruka, ibyo bishobora kubaho igihe isukari yo mu maraso yawe isubira mu buryo busanzwe.

Nzagomba kumara igihe kingana iki nkoresha Glucagon yo mu mazuru?

Glucagon yo mu mazuru yagenewe gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa gusa. Igikoresho kimwe kirimo urugero rumwe kandi ntigishobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa.

Umuti mubisanzwe ukora mu minota 15 kandi ukamara nk'isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri. Iyo ugaruye ubwenge kandi ushobora kumira neza, ugomba kurya ifunguro ririmo karubohidrate na poroteyine kugira ngo wirinde ko isukari yo mu maraso yawe yongera kugabanuka.

Ugomba gushaka ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga nyuma yo gukoresha umuti wa glucagon wo mu mazuru, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Muganga wawe akeneye gusuzuma impamvu isukari yo mu maraso yagabanutse cyane kandi ashobora gukenera guhindura imiti ya diyabete yawe kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bizaza.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Glucagon yo mu mazuru?

Ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa na glucagon yo mu mazuru zirimo isesemi, kuruka, kubabara umutwe, no kurakara mu nzira yo hejuru yo guhumeka. Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bibaho igihe urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso yawe rusubira mu buryo busanzwe kandi mubisanzwe bikemuka mu masaha make.

Abantu benshi bagira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nyuma yo gukoresha uyu muti, ibyo bikaba bisanzwe rwose. Isesemi no kuruka bibaho kuko glucagon igira ingaruka ku igogora ryawe mugihe ikora kugira ngo izamure urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso.

Dore ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo, zishyirwa mu matsinda ukurikije uburyo zikunda kubaho:

Ingaruka zisanzwe (ziboneka ku bantu benshi):

• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kubabara umutwe
• Izuru riva amazi cyangwa ryazibye
• Umutuku cyangwa kurakara mu zuru
• Amaso arira
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa ufite intege nke

Ingaruka zitagaragara cyane:

• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva uruhuka
• Umutima wihuta
• Kunyuguta
• Kubabara mu nda
• Kwiruka mu muhogo

Ingaruka zidakunze ariko zikomeye:

• Urugero rwo kwivumbura ku bintu (kubura umwuka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo)
• Isukari yo mu maraso yiyongera igihe kirekire
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa igihe kirekire

Izi ngaruka muri rusange ni iz'igihe gito kandi zerekana ko umuti uri gukora kugira ngo usubize isukari yo mu maraso mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, ugomba gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga nyuma yo gukoresha uyu muti kugira ngo wemeze umutekano wawe kandi wirinde ibindi bibazo mu gihe kizaza.

Ninde utagomba gufata Glucagon mu mazuru?

Ntugomba gukoresha glucagon mu mazuru niba ufite allergie izwi kuri glucagon cyangwa ibindi bintu byose biri muri uyu muti. Abantu bafite ibibyimba bidasanzwe byitwa pheochromocytoma cyangwa insulinoma bagomba kwirinda uyu muti.

Uyu muti ntushobora gukora neza niba umaze iminsi myinshi utarya, ufite isukari yo mu maraso iri hasi igihe kirekire, cyangwa urwaye indwara yo kutagira imisemburo ya adrenal. Muri ibi bihe, umwijima wawe ushobora kutagira isukari ihagije yo kurekura.

Dore ibihe glucagon mu mazuru itakwemerera:

Ibyo utagomba gukoresha (ntuzigere ukoresha):

• Allergie izwi kuri glucagon cyangwa ibindi bintu byose biri muri uyu muti
• Pheochromocytoma (igishyitsi gidasanzwe cyo mu ngingo ya adrenal)
• Insulinoma (igishyitsi gidasanzwe cyo mu gice cy'umwijima)

Koresha witonze cyane:

• Kuzinukwa igihe kirekire cyangwa inzara
• Hypoglycemia igihe kirekire
• Kutagira imisemburo ya adrenal
• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima
• Abantu bakuze bafite indwara z'umutima

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bibazo, korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo utegure gahunda zindi zihutirwa zo kuvura ibibazo bikomeye byo kugabanuka kwa isukari yo mu maraso.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Glucagon mu mazuru

Izina rikuru ry’umuti wa glucagon unyuzwa mu mazuru ni Baqsimi, ukorwa na Eli Lilly and Company. Ubu ni wo muti wa glucagon unyuzwa mu mazuru wemewe na FDA uboneka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Baqsimi iza mu gikoresho kimwe gishobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa, cyuzuzwa mbere y’igihe cyo kunyuzwa mu mazuru gitanga 3 mg ya glucagon mu ifu. Iki gikoresho cyateguwe ku buryo cyoroshye ku buryo abagize umuryango, inshuti, cyangwa abo mukorana bashobora kugikoresha mu gihe cy’uburwayi bwihutirwa.

Ubwishingizi bwawe bushobora kwishyura Baqsimi, ariko uko byishyurwa bitandukana bitewe na gahunda. Uruganda rukora uyu muti rutanga gahunda zo gufasha abarwayi zishobora gufasha kugabanya ibiciro niba wujuje ibisabwa.

Uburyo bwo gusimbura Glucagon unyuzwa mu mazuru

Hariho ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kuvura hypoglycemia ikaze, nubwo buri kimwe gifite inyungu n'intege nke zitandukanye. Glucagon itera mu rushinge yari imiti gakondo yo kuvura ibibazo byihutirwa, ariko bisaba kuvanga kandi bishobora gutera ubwoba abagomba kuyikoresha.

Dore uburyo nyamukuru bwo gusuzuma:

Uburyo bwo gutera glucagon mu rushinge:

• Glucagon Emergency Kit (bisaba kuvanga ifu n'amazi)
• Gvoke (ikaramu yuzuzwa mbere y'igihe, ntibisaba kuvanga)
• Zegalogue (urushinge rwuzuzwa mbere y'igihe, rwiteguye gukoreshwa)

Uburyo butari imiti yo kuvura ibibazo byihutirwa:

• Gel ya glucose cyangwa ibinini (niba wumva kandi ushobora kumira)
• Icyo bita cake frosting cyangwa ubuki munsi y'ururimi (niba utazi neza)
• Serivisi z'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa hamwe na glucose ya IV

Umuti unyuzwa mu mazuru utanga inyungu zidasanzwe kuko ntusaba guterwa inshinge kandi ukora niba utazi. Ariko, uburyo bwo gutera mu rushinge bushobora gukwira abantu bafite imihumekere ihoraho cyangwa abakunda uburyo gakondo.

Ese Glucagon unyuzwa mu mazuru iruta Glucagon iterwa mu rushinge?

Uburyo bwo kunyuzamo glucagon mu mazuru butanga inyungu nyinshi ugereranije na glucagon iterwa mu nshinge, cyane cyane mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha no gufasha abaganga. Uwo muti wo mu mazuru ntusaba kuvangwa, ntusaba inshinge, kandi ushobora gutangwa vuba mu gihe cy'ibibazo byihutirwa.

Uwo muti wo mu mazuru ukora neza kimwe na glucagon iterwa mu nshinge mu kuzamura isukari mu maraso. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko uburyo bwombi busanzwe busubiza ubwenge mu minota 15, bigatuma byizewe kimwe mu kuvura ibibazo byihutirwa.

Dore uko bigereranwa mu bice by'ingenzi:

Inyungu z'umuti wo mu mazuru:

• Nta nshinge cyangwa inshinge zisabwa
• Yateguwe mbere kandi yiteguye gukoreshwa
• Byoroshye kubaganga gutanga
• Ntibitera ubwoba ku bagize umuryango
• Ikora kabone niyo utazi
• Igikoresho gito, gishobora gutwarwa

Inyungu za glucagon iterwa mu nshinge:

• Amateka maremare yo gukoresha
• Bishobora kumenyera abaganga
• Rimwe na rimwe bihendutse
• Ntabwo bigirwaho ingaruka no gufungana mu mazuru

Gu hitamo hagati ya glucagon yo mu mazuru n'iterwa mu nshinge akenshi biterwa n'icyo umuntu yifuza n'urwego rwo gufasha umuganga. Imiryango myinshi isanga umuti wo mu mazuru woroshye gukoresha neza mu gihe cy'ibibazo byihutirwa.

Ibice bibazwa kenshi ku bijyanye na Glucagon yo mu mazuru

Ese Glucagon yo mu mazuru irakwiriye indwara z'umutima?

Glucagon yo mu mazuru muri rusange irakwiriye abantu bafite indwara z'umutima, ariko irashobora kongera umuvuduko w'umutima n'umuvuduko w'amaraso by'igihe gito. Muganga wawe agomba gusuzuma uko umutima wawe umeze mbere yo gutanga uyu muti.

Umuti ukora vuba mu kuzamura isukari mu maraso, bishobora gushyira igitutu gito ku mikorere y'imitsi yawe. Ariko, hypoglycemia ikomeye ubwayo nayo ni akaga ku mutima wawe, bityo inyungu zikunda kurenga ibyago mu gihe cy'ibibazo byihutirwa.

Niba ufite indwara zikomeye z'umutima nk'uko umutima wawe uherutse guhagarara, angina itajegajega, cyangwa kunanirwa gukomeye k'umutima, ganira n'abaganga b'umutima na endocrinologist ku bijyanye n'ingamba zindi z'ubutabazi.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nshoboye gukoresha glucagon nyinshi mu buryo bwo mu mazuru?

Buri gikoresho cya glucagon cyo mu mazuru kigizwe n'urugero rumwe gusa, bityo ntushobora gukoresha nyinshi ku buryo butunguranye ukoresheje igikoresho kimwe. Ariko, niba hari umuntu ukoresha ibikoresho byinshi cyangwa wakira glucagon yiyongereyeho iturutse ku batabazi, isukari yawe mu maraso ishobora kuzamuka cyane.

Ibimenyetso bya glucagon nyinshi birimo isesemi ihoraho, kuruka, umutima utera cyane, n'isukari mu maraso irenze 300 mg/dL. Genzura isukari yawe mu maraso neza kandi usabe ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso.

Abakozi bo mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bashobora gutanga amazi ya IV na insuline niba bikenewe kugira ngo isukari yawe mu maraso isubire ku gipimo gisanzwe. Ntukagerageze kuvura isukari nyinshi mu maraso iturutse kuri glucagon nyinshi wenyine.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ntabashije kubona glucagon yanjye yo mu mazuru?

Niba udafite glucagon yawe yo mu mazuru igihe cyo kugabanuka gukomeye kw'isukari mu maraso, hamagara 911 ako kanya. Abakozi b'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa bashobora gutanga glucose ya IV n'ubundi buvuzi burokoraho ubuzima.

Ntuzigere ugerageza gusimbuza imiti yindi cyangwa imiti yo mu rugo glucagon igihe cyo kugabanuka gukomeye kw'isukari mu maraso. Niba wumva neza ku buryo ushobora kumira, ibinini bya glucose cyangwa ibinyobwa birimo isukari bishobora gufasha kugabanuka gake kw'isukari mu maraso, ariko ntibizakora niba utazi cyangwa wibeshye cyane.

Buri gihe ujye ubika glucagon yawe yo mu mazuru ahantu hafunguye kandi wemeze ko abagize umuryango bazi aho bayisanga. Tekereza kubika ibikoresho mu rugo, ku kazi, no mu modoka yawe niba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugabanuka gukomeye kw'isukari mu maraso.

Nshobora kureka gutwara glucagon yo mu mazuru ryari?

Ukwiye gukomeza gutwara glucagon yo mu mazuru igihe cyose ukiri mu kaga ko kugira hypoglycemia ikabije. Ibi mubisanzwe bisobanura ko uzayikeneye mu buzima bwawe bwose niba ufata insuline cyangwa imiti imwe na rimwe ya diyabete ishobora gutera isukari yo mu maraso iri hasi cyane.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugabanya icyo ukeneye glucagon yihutirwa niba wimukiye ku miti ya diyabete ifite ibyago bike bya hypoglycemia, ukagera ku kugenzura neza isukari yo mu maraso, cyangwa ugakoresha sisitemu zigendanwa zo gupima isukari mu maraso zitanga imiburo hakiri kare.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gutwara glucagon yihutirwa utabanje kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe. N'abantu bafite diyabete igenzurwa neza bashobora guhura n'ibihe bitunguranye byo kugira isukari yo mu maraso iri hasi cyane bitewe n'indwara, impinduka z'imiti, cyangwa ibintu bidasanzwe.

Nshobora gukoresha inzira ya glucagon yo mu mazuru niba mfite ibicurane cyangwa izuru ryazibye?

Yego, urashobora gukoresha glucagon yo mu mazuru kabone niyo waba ufite ibicurane, izuru ryazibye, cyangwa umwuka mubi wo mu mazuru. Uyu muti winjira mu bice byo mu mazuru kandi ntusaba inzira yo guhumeka neza kugira ngo ukore neza.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko izuru ryazibye ntirigira ingaruka zigaragara ku buryo glucagon yinjira cyangwa uko ikora vuba. Uyu muti utanga umuti uhagije wo kuzamura urugero rwa isukari mu maraso hatitawe ku izuru ryazibye.

Ariko, ushobora guhura n'uburibwe bwiyongera mu mazuru cyangwa kutumva neza iyo ukoresha uyu muti ufite izuru ryazibye. Ibi ni iby'igihe gito kandi ntibigabanya imikorere y'uyu muti mu kuvura ibihe byawe byihutirwa byo kugira isukari yo mu maraso iri hasi.