Ni iki cyitwa urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo

Urukingo rwa Haemophilus B polysaccharide ni urukingo rw'ingenzi rurinda indwara zikomeye ziterwa na bagiteri ya Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Urukingo rufasha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya izi bagiteri zangiza mbere yuko zishobora gutera indwara ziteye ubuzima bw'akaga. Kubona uru rukingo ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda ingorane zikomeye nka meningite, umusonga, n'indwara ziterwa n'amaraso ziterwa na bagiteri ya Hib.

Ni iki cyitwa urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide?

Urukingo rwa Haemophilus B polysaccharide ni urukingo rurinda rwigisha umubiri wawe kurwanya bagiteri ya Haemophilus influenzae type b. Izi bagiteri zishobora gutera indwara zikomeye, cyane cyane ku bana bato bari munsi y'imyaka 5. Urukingo rukubiyemo ibice byo hanze bya bagiteri, bifasha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurimbura bagiteri nyayo niba wigeze kuzihura.

Urukingo rukunze gutangwa nk'igice cy'inkingo zisanzwe z'abana. Bitangwa binyuze mu guterwa urushinge mu mutsi, akenshi mu kuboko cyangwa mu itako. Urukingo rwagabanije cyane imanza z'indwara ya Hib kuva rwatangira kuboneka cyane mu myaka ya za 1980.

Kumva kw'urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide rumeze gute?

Kubona urukingo rwa Haemophilus B rumeze nk'undi muti usanzwe uterwa. Uzumva urusaku ruto cyangwa urusaku iyo urushinge rwinjiye, rumara imyaka mike gusa. Abantu benshi barabisobanura nk'ibisa no guterwa urukingo rwa grip cyangwa izindi nkingo zisanzwe.

Nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, ushobora kubona ububabare buke, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahaterwa urushinge. Izi ngaruka ni ibisanzwe rwose kandi zerekana ko umubiri wawe usubiza urukingo. Ububabare busanzwe bumeze nk'igikomere gito kandi akenshi gishira mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje byo mu mubiri nk'umunaniro muke cyangwa umuriro muke. Ibi bimenyetso muri rusange biroroshye cyane kurusha indwara zikomeye urukingo rurinda kandi bikira vuba ku giti cyabyo.

Kuki hakenewe urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide?

Impamvu yo gukenera uru rukingo iterwa n'akaga gakomeye gaterwa na bagiteri ya Haemophilus influenzae yo mu bwoko b mu bidukikije byacu. Izi bagiteri zisanzwe zibaho kandi zishobora gukwirakwira kuva ku muntu ujya ku wundi binyuze mu matembabuzi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero iyo umuntu akoze, yitsamura, cyangwa avugana n'abandi hafi.

Mbere yuko urukingo ruboneka, Hib ni yo yari intandaro ya mbere ya meningite ya bagiteri mu bana bari munsi y'imyaka 5. Izi bagiteri zishobora kandi gutera izindi ndwara zikomeye mu mubiri wose. Abana bato barushaho kwibasirwa kuko imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwabo itaratera imbere neza kugira ngo barwanye izi bagiteri zihariye neza.

Urukingo rwakozwe kuko ubudahangarwa bwa kamere kuri Hib ntibitera imbere neza mu bana bato. N'iyo umwana yarokoka indwara ya Hib, ashobora kutagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye buhagije bwo kwirinda izindi ndwara zizaza. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bwizewe, burambye butashobora kwemezwa n'indwara ya kamere.

Urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide rurinda iki?

Uru rukingo rurinda cyane indwara zikomeye za Hib zishobora guteza akaga ku buzima cyangwa gutera ubumuga buhoraho. Ikibazo gikunze kandi gikomeye kirinda ni meningite ya bagiteri, ikaba ari indwara y'imvubura zirinda ubwonko n'umugongo.

Dore ibibazo nyamukuru uru rukingo rufasha kwirinda:

• Meningitis - indwara y'ubwonko n'imfunzo z'umugongo
• Pneumonia - indwara ikomeye y'ibihaha
• Sepsis - indwara y'amaraso ishobora kwibasira umubiri wose
• Epiglottitis - kubyimba gukomeye k'umuhogo gushobora guhagarika guhumeka
• Cellulitis - indwara zikomeye z'uruhu n'imitsi yoroshye
• Indwara z'ingingo - cyane cyane mu kibuno n'izindi ngingo nini

Mu buryo butavugwa cyane, urukingo rurinda kandi izindi ndwara ziterwa na Hib zirimo pericarditis (indwara y'umutima) na osteomyelitis (indwara y'amagufa). Izi ndwara zishobora gutera ingaruka zirambye zirimo kutumva, kwangirika k'ubwonko, gutinda mu mikurire, ndetse no gupfa mu bihe bikomeye.

Ese urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide rushobora kugabanuka?

Urukingo rwa Haemophilus B akenshi rutanga uburinzi burambye bushobora kumara imyaka myinshi cyangwa se imyaka mirongo. Abantu benshi barangiza urukingo rwose mu bwana bagumana ubudahangarwa burinda neza mu bukure.

Ariko, urwego rw'ubudahangarwa rushobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro uko imyaka yigenda, cyane cyane ku bantu bamwe na bamwe. Abantu bafite uburwayi bw'ubudahangarwa, indwara zidakira, cyangwa abahawe urukingo rutuzuye bashobora kugabanya uburinzi. Abantu bakuru bamwe bashobora kungukirwa no kongera urukingo niba bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara ziterwa na Hib.

Inkuru nziza ni uko indwara ya Hib ubu idakunze kuboneka mu bihugu bifite urukingo rwinshi. Ubu burinzi bw'abaturage bufasha no kurinda abantu ubudahangarwa bwabo bwagabanutse uko imyaka yigenda.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide zishobora gucungwa mu rugo?

Ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Hib ni nto kandi zishobora gucungwa mu rugo hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo kwivuza. Igisubizo gikunze kugaragara ni kubabara cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo, ibyo bikunda gukira mu masaha 24-48.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo gucunga ingaruka zisanzwe:

• Shyira igitambaro gitose kandi gikanye ku gice cyatewe urushinge iminota 10-15 kugira ngo ugabanye umubyimbirwe
• Fata imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga yo kugabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen niba bikwiye
• Kora gahoro gahoro ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru watewemo urushinge kugira ngo wirinde umugaga
• Nywa amazi menshi kandi uruhuke bihagije
• Irinde imirimo ikomeye mu masaha 24 niba wumva unaniwe

Ku bana, kubaha ihumure ryinshi, gukanda gahoro ahatewe urushinge, no gukurikiza gahunda isanzwe yo kugaburira birashobora gufasha. Ibimenyetso byinshi ni bike kandi ntibibangamira imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mu buvuzi bwo gukingira Haemophilus B?

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu buvuzi bwo gukingira Hib bukurikiza gahunda zashyizweho zo gukingira zateganijwe n'inzobere mu buvuzi bw'abana n'ubuzima rusange. Ku bana bato n'abana bakiri bato, urukingo rukoreshwa nk'igice cy'urukurikirane rutangira ku mezi 2 y'amavuko.

Gahunda isanzwe yo gukingira irimo inkingo ku mezi 2, 4, 6, na 12-15 y'amavuko. Urukingo rumwe rurimo uburinzi bwa Hib rushobora kugira igihe gito gitandukanye. Umuganga wawe azagena gahunda nziza ishingiye ku myaka y'umwana wawe, uko ubuzima bwe bumeze, n'inkingo yahawe mbere.

Ku bana bakuze cyangwa abantu bakuru batabonye inkingo zabo mu bwana, gahunda zo gusubiramo ziraboneka. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe nka sickle cell, HIV, cyangwa abakuweho urwagashya bashobora gukenera doze zinyongera cyangwa ibitekerezo byihariye by'igihe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye no gukingirwa Haemophilus B?

Ukwiye kugisha inama umuganga wawe kugira ngo wemeze ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe yakira urukingo rwa Hib mu gihe gikwiye. Gusura umwana neza buri gihe ni amahirwe atunganye yo kugendana n'iyi nkingo y'ingenzi.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma yo gukingirwa. Nubwo ibimenyetso bikomeye biba gake cyane, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye:

• Urusazi rwinshi (rurenze 101°F cyangwa 38.3°C) rumara amasaha arenga 24
• Ukubura cyangwa gutukura cyane ahatewe urukingo bikomeza nyuma y'amasaha 48
• Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwivumbura nk'uguhumeka bigoranye cyangwa ibibara byose
• Kwiruka amarira bidahagarara ku bana bato barenze amasaha 3
• Gusinzira bidasanzwe cyangwa kugorwa no kubyuka

Vugana kandi n'umuganga wawe niba ufite ibibazo ku gihe cyo gukingirwa, cyane cyane niba umwana wawe yarwaye cyangwa niba utazi neza amateka yabo yo gukingirwa.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera urukingo rwa Haemophilus B?

Abana bose bafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Hib, niyo mpamvu gukingira abantu bose byemewe. Ariko, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye niba umuntu yanduye mikorobe ya Hib.

Abana bato bari munsi y'imyaka 5 bafite ibyago byinshi kuko imikorere y'ubwirinzi bwabo ikiri mu iterambere. Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 2 bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye nk'ubwonko n'ubwandu bwo mu maraso.

Ibindi bintu byongera ibyago birimo:

• Kujya mu ishuri ry'incuke cyangwa kuba hafi y'abandi bana
• Kugira ubwirinzi bw'umubiri butameze neza kubera indwara cyangwa imiti
• Gutura ahantu huje abantu benshi cyangwa ahantu hadafite isuku ihagije
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira nk'indwara ya selile
• Gukurwaho urwagashya cyangwa kugira urwagashya rudakora neza
• Kuba wahuye n'umwuka w'itabi, ushobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura

N'abana bafite ubuzima bwiza n'abantu bakuru bashobora kurwara indwara zikomeye za Hib, niyo mpamvu gukingirwa byemewe kuri buri wese hatitawe ku bintu byabo byongera ibyago.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa no kutakingirwa Haemophilus B?

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane cyo kutikingiza Hib ni ukurwara indwara ya Hib yica. Mbere y’uko urukingo ruboneka, Hib yari ishinzwe ibihumbi by’abarwayi barwara indwara zikomeye n’amagana y’abana bapfa buri mwaka.

Meningite ya bagiteri iterwa na Hib ishobora gutera ibibazo bihoraho kabone n’iyo umuntu yarokotse. Ibi bishobora kuba ukutumva, gutinda mu mikurire, indwara ziterwa no gufatwa n’ibihungabanyo, no kudashobora gutekereza neza. Abana bamwe bashobora guhura n’ingorane zo kwiga cyangwa impinduka mu myitwarire zibagiraho ingaruka mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Izindi ngorane zikomeye ziterwa n’indwara ya Hib zirimo:

• Ubumuga buhoraho bw’ubwonko buturutse kuri meningite
• Ukutumva bisaba ibikoresho byo kumva cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu matwi
• Ubumuga mu mikurire bugira ingaruka ku mvugo n’ubuhanga bwo kugenda
• Indwara ziterwa no gufatwa n’ibihungabanyo bihoraho
• Kutagira urugingo cyangwa ubumuga buturutse ku ndwara zikomeye z’uruhu n’imitsi yoroshye
• Ingorane zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ziterwa na nyumoniya ikomeye

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, indwara ya Hib yica ishobora kwica nubwo umuntu avuwe vuba. Ibyago byo gupfa ni byinshi cyane ku bana bari munsi y’amezi 6 n’abantu bafite ubudahangarwa butameze neza.

Ese urukingo rwa Haemophilus B ni rwiza cyangwa ni rubi ku mikurire y’ubudahangarwa?

Urukingo rwa Haemophilus B ni rwiza cyane ku mikurire y’ubudahangarwa n’ubuzima muri rusange. Aho kugabanya ubudahangarwa, inkingo zifasha mu kubutoza no kubukomeza zirwigisha kumenya no kurwanya bagiteri zangiza.

Iyo uhabwa urukingo rwa Hib, ubudahangarwa bwawe buriga gukora imisemburo irinda bagiteri ya Hib hatabayeho kurwara indwara nyirizina. Ubu buryo burizewe cyane kuruta gukura ubudahangarwa binyuze mu ndwara isanzwe, ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa urupfu.

Urukingo ntirusumbiriza cyangwa ngo rucishe intege urugingo rwawe rw’umubiri rukora ubwirinzi. Mubyukuri, abana bahura n’ibintu byinshi bishya (ibintu bidasanzwe) buri munsi binyuze mu bikorwa bisanzwe nk’kurya, guhumeka, no gukina. Ibyo bintu bishya biri mu nkingo bigaragara nk’igice gito cyane cy’ibyo urugingo rwawe rw’ubwirinzi rukora buri gihe.

Ubushakashatsi buhora bwerekana ko abana bakingiwe bafite urugingo rw’ubwirinzi rukomeye kandi ruzima rushobora kurwanya neza indwara bakingiwe n’izindi ndwara bashobora guhura nazo.

Ni iki urukingo rwa Haemophilus B rushobora kwitiranywa nacyo?

Rimwe na rimwe abantu bavanga urukingo rwa Haemophilus B n’izindi nkingo, cyane cyane izisa cyangwa zitangwa icyarimwe. Ikintu gikunze kwitiranywa ni urukingo rwa hepatite B, kuko zombi zikunze kwitwa mu magambo make kandi zitangwa ku bana bato.

Abantu kandi rimwe na rimwe bavanga urukingo rwa Hib n’urukingo rwa gripe (umutwe). Nubwo izina risa “Haemophilus influenzae,” bagiteri ya Hib itandukanye rwose na virusi zitera umutwe w’igihe. Urukingo rwa Hib ntirurinda umutwe, kandi inkingo za gripe ntizirinda indwara ya Hib.

Ababyeyi bamwe bibaza niba urukingo rwa Hib arirwo rumwe n’urukingo rwa pneumococcal kuko zombi zirinda indwara ya meningite iterwa na bagiteri. Nubwo inkingo zombi zifite akamaro mu kurinda indwara zikomeye ziterwa na bagiteri, zirinda ubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri kandi zombi zirakenewe kugira ngo zikore ubwirinzi bwuzuye.

Urukingo rwa Hib rimwe na rimwe rutangwa nk’igice cy’inkingo zivanga zirimo ubwirinzi ku zindi ndwara nka difiteri, tetanusi, na pertussis. Ibi bishobora gutuma abantu batamenya neza inkingo umwana yahawe.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa Haemophilus B Polysaccharide

I.1: Umwana wanjye ashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Hib niba arwaye ibicurane cyangwa arwaye indwara yoroheje?

Yego, umwana wawe akenshi ashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Hib nubwo afite ibicurane byoroheje cyangwa indwara ntoya. Umuriro muto, amazuru aviruka, cyangwa inkorora yoroheje akenshi ntibibuza gukingirwa. Ariko, niba umwana wawe afite indwara ikomeye cyangwa ikabije hamwe n'umuriro mwinshi, biruta gutegereza kugeza akize. Buri gihe ganira ku buzima bw'umwana wawe na muganga wawe mbere yo gukingirwa.

Q.2: Urukingo rwa Haemophilus B rufite akamaro kangana iki mu kurinda indwara?

Urukingo rwa Hib rufite akamaro gakomeye cyane, rukarinda hafi 95-100% by'indwara zatewe na Hib iyo rutanzwe hakurikijwe gahunda isabwa. Kuva igihe gukingira byagutse byatangiye, imanza z'indwara ya Hib mu bana zagabanutseho 99%. Iri tsinda ry'intsinzi rituma riba rimwe mu nkingo zifite akamaro cyane ziboneka uyu munsi.

Q.3: Abantu bakuru bashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Haemophilus B niba barwaranye bakiri bato?

Abantu bakuru benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza ntibakeneye urukingo rwa Hib kuko indwara ya Hib ikabije idakunze kuboneka mu bantu bakuru bafite imikorere isanzwe y'umubiri. Ariko, abantu bakuru bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe nka selile ya sickle, SIDA, cyangwa abantu bakuyemo urwagashya bashobora kungukirwa no gukingirwa. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya niba ukeneye urukingo bitewe n'ubuzima bwawe bwite.

Q.4: Hariho abantu batagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa Haemophilus B?

Abantu bake cyane ntibashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Hib. Abantu bagize allergie ikabije ku rugero rwa mbere cyangwa ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose cy'urukingo ntibagomba kuruhabwa. Abantu barwaye cyane bagomba gutegereza kugeza bakize. Muganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi kugirango yemeze ko urukingo rufite umutekano kuri wewe.

Q.5: Ubudahangarwa buturuka ku rukingo rwa Hib bumara igihe kingana iki?

Urukingo rwa Hib akenshi rutanga ubudahangarwa burambye bushobora kumara imyaka myinshi. Abantu benshi barangiza urukurikirane rw'inkingo mu bwana bagumana urwego rwo kurinda umubiri rw'abasirikare b'umubiri rugeza mu gihe cy'ubukure. Ariko, abantu bafite uburwayi bw'umubiri cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira bashobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi bashobora kungukira mu doze zinyongera.