Heparine ni iki: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo uyifashe n'ibindi

Heparine ni umuti ukomeye utuma amaraso atiyongera, ugakumira amaraso mabi kwibumbira mu mubiri wawe. Uyu muti w'urushinge ukora vuba kugira ngo uhagarike amaraso yawe kwibumbira byoroshye cyane, ibyo bishobora kurokora ubuzima mu bihe byinshi byo kwa muganga.

Abaganga bakoresha heparine iyo umubiri wawe ukeneye uburinzi bwihuse kuva ku bice bishobora guhagarika amaraso kujya mu ngingo z'ingenzi nk'umutima wawe, ibihaha, cyangwa ubwonko. Ni umwe mu miti wizewe cyane mu bitaro no mu mavuriro ku isi hose.

Heparine ni iki?

Heparine ni umuti utuma amaraso atiyongera, ukakumira amaraso yawe kwibumbira. Tekereza nk'ikizinga kirinda gituma amaraso yawe atembera neza mu miyoboro yawe iyo kwibumbira bishobora kuba byateza akaga.

Uyu muti ukomoka ku bintu bisanzwe kandi umaze imyaka myinshi ukoreshwa neza. Bitandukanye n'imiti ituma amaraso atiyongera ushobora kunywa, heparine ikora ako kanya iyo yatewe mu mubiri wawe. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rishobora kugenzura neza ingaruka zayo, bigatuma ikwiriye mu bihe hakenewe igikorwa cyihuse.

Heparine iza mu mbaraga zitandukanye no mu buryo butandukanye. Muganga wawe azahitamo ubwoko bukwiye bushingiye ku byo ukeneye mu buvuzi n'uburyo bakeneye gukurikirana urugero rwo kwibumbira kw'amaraso yawe.

Heparine ikoreshwa mu iki?

Heparine ivura kandi ikakumira amaraso yibumbiye ashobora kwangiza ubuzima bwawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kuyandika niba uri mu kaga ko kwibumbira gukomeye cyangwa niba umaze kubigira.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru abaganga bakoresha heparine, kandi gusobanukirwa ibi bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi ku buvuzi bwawe:

• Gukumira amaraso gupfundana mu gihe cyo kubagwa cyangwa igihe kirekire cyo kuruhuka ku gitanda
• Gufata neza indwara ya thrombose y'imitsi y'amaguru (amaraso yapfundanye mu mitsi yo mu maguru)
• Gufata neza embolism ya pulmonary (amaraso yapfundanye mu mitsi y'ibihaha)
• Kurinda amaraso gupfundana mu gihe cyo kubaga umutima nka angioplasty
• Gukumira amaraso gupfundana ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima runaka
• Gufata neza amaraso yapfundanye mu gihe cyo gukaraba impyiko
• Gufata neza amaraso yapfundanye akorera mu mitima y'ubwenge

Buri kimwe muri ibi birwara bisaba ubuvuzi bwitondewe, kandi heparin itanga uburinzi bwihuse umubiri wawe ukeneye. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizagukurikiranira hafi kugirango rimenye niba imiti ikora neza kubibazo byawe byihariye.

Heparin ikora ite?

Heparin ikora ibuza poroteyine zihariye mu maraso yawe zifasha gukora amaraso gupfundana. Mu by'ukuri, ishyira feri ku buryo umubiri wawe usanzwe ukoresha amaraso gupfundana igihe uwo murimo ushobora guteza akaga.

Amasi yawe asanzwe apfundana kugirango ahagarike kuva amaraso iyo wagize imvune. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe amaraso ashobora gupfundana imbere mu mitsi yawe igihe bitagakwiye. Heparin ibuza ibi ikoresheje kwivanga na poroteyine yitwa thrombin, ifite uruhare runini mu gukora amaraso gupfundana.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'umuti ukomeye urwanya amaraso gupfundana kuko ukora vuba kandi neza. Muminota mike nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, heparin itangira kukurinda amaraso akomeye. Ibyo bikorwa birahinduka kandi, bivuze ko abaganga bashobora guhangana n'umuti vuba niba bibaye ngombwa.

Nkwiriye gufata heparin nte?

Heparin itangwa buri gihe binyuze mu nshinge, haba mu mitsi (intravenous) cyangwa munsi y'uruhu (subcutaneous). Ntushobora gufata uyu muti unywa kuko sisitemu yawe yo mu gifu yagutanya mbere yo gukora.

Niba uri mu bitaro, abaganga bazagusaba heparin binyuze mu muyoboro wa IV mu kuboko kwawe. Ibi bituma itangwa rikomeza kandi rigenzurwa neza. Ku bijyanye no guterwa inshinge munsi y'uruhu, umuti ujya mu bice by'ibinure munsi y'uruhu rwawe, akenshi mu nda yawe cyangwa mu itako.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizakwigisha cyangwa umuryango wawe uburyo bwo kwitera inshinge munsi y'uruhu niba ukeneye gukomeza kuvurwa uri mu rugo. Aho guterwa inshinge bigomba guhindurwa kugirango birinde uburakari, kandi uzahabwa amabwiriza arambuye yerekeye uburyo bukwiye.

Bitandukanye n'imiti imwe, heparin ntisaba ko urya mbere yo kuyifata. Ariko, ugomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yose yihariye itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rigutanga yerekeye igihe n'imyiteguro.

Nzagenda Mfata Heparin Igihe Kingana Gite?

Ubukana bwo kuvurwa na heparin buterwa rwose n'uburwayi bwawe n'uburyo witwara neza ku muti. Abantu bamwe barayikeneye iminsi mike gusa, mu gihe abandi bashobora gusaba ibyumweru byinshi byo kuvurwa.

Mugukingira amaraso mugihe cyo kubagwa, ushobora guhabwa heparin umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri gusa. Niba uvurwa kubera amaraso yamaze gukora, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba heparin iminsi myinshi kugeza ku byumweru mbere yo kuguha umuti unyobwa.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizagenzura amaraso yawe buri gihe hamwe n'ibizamini byitwa PTT cyangwa urwego rwa anti-Xa. Ibi bizamini bibafasha kumenya urugero rukwiye n'igihe cyo gukoresha kubyo ukeneye byihariye. Ntukigere uhagarika gufata heparin ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, kuko ibi bishobora kukugira mu kaga k'amaraso akomeye.

Ni Iyihe Miterere Ibyara Heparin?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, heparin irashobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo abantu benshi bayihanganira neza. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ukuva amaraso, kuko umuti utuma amaraso yawe atagomba gukora.

Dore ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo, kandi kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera birashobora kugufasha kuguma mu mutekano mugihe uvurwa:

• Kuva amaraso ku bikomere bitinda guhagarara
• Gukomereka byoroshye cyangwa ibikomere bitasobanutse
• Urubavu, umutuku, cyangwa kwaka ku hantu batera inshinge
• Umuvumo w'amazuru ukunda cyane cyangwa bigoye guhagarara
• Amara so mu nkari cyangwa mu musarani
• Kuva amaraso bidasanzwe mu ishinya iyo ukora amenyo
• Iminsi mikuru y'abagore iremereye

Ibi bimenyetso rusange bikunda gucungwa kandi ntibisaba guhagarika umuti. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizagufasha gushyira mu gaciro inyungu zo kwirinda amaraso akomeye ugereranije n'ibi byago byoroshye.

Ingaruka zikomeye ziraboneka ariko zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba uhuye no kuva amaraso menshi, ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso imbere nk'umusarani w'umukara, cyangwa kubabara umutwe bikomeye bya hato na hato.

Uburwayi bukomeye ariko butaboneka cyane bita heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) bushobora kubaho. Ibi bibaho iyo umubiri wawe wanga heparin, bigatuma umubare wawe w'amaraso ugabanuka cyane. Muganga wawe azagenzura umubare w'amaraso yawe buri gihe kugira ngo arebe ibi.

Ninde utagomba gufata Heparin?

Abantu bamwe ntibashobora gufata heparin kubera ibyago byiyongereye byo kuva amaraso cyangwa izindi ndwara. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo gutanga uyu muti.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata heparin niba ufite kuva amaraso ahantu hose mu mubiri wawe. Ibi birimo kuva amaraso mu bwonko bwawe, mu gifu, cyangwa izindi ngingo. Uyu muti wazatuma uku kuva amaraso kurushaho kandi bishobora guteza akaga ku buzima.

Abantu bafite umubare muto cyane w'amaraso ntibashobora gufata heparin neza. Amaraso afasha amaraso yawe gukora, bityo kugira make yayo hamwe na heparin bitera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Dore izindi ndwara zishobora kugutera kutagira heparin neza:

• Kubagwa vuba aha mu bwonko, umugongo, cyangwa amaso
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso mwinshi udakontrolwa cyane
• Indwara ya peptic ulcer ikora
• Indwara ya kibazo gikomeye cyane cy'umwijima
• Uburwayi bwo kwanga heparin bwo hambere
• Amateka ya thrombocytopenia yatewe na heparin
• Umutsi watewe n'amaraso yavuye mu bwonko vuba aha

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizagereranya ibyo byago n'inyungu zo kwirinda amaraso akomeye ateje akaga. Rimwe na rimwe, ibyago byo gukomera kw'amaraso ni byinshi cyane ku buryo gukoresha heparin witonze bikiri uburyo bwiza, nubwo hari ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Amazina ya Heparin Brand

Heparin iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi ya brand, nubwo ibitaro byinshi na za clinique bikoresha verisiyo rusange. Amazina ya brand asanzwe arimo Hep-Lock, HepFlush, na Monoject Prefill.

Ubwoko bwose bwa heparin bukora kimwe, haba urimo kubona izina rya brand cyangwa verisiyo rusange. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukubona urugero rukwiye n'ubwoko bukwiye bw'ibyo ukeneye mu buvuzi, atari izina ryihariye rya brand.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizagena uburyo bukwiye bushingiye ku bintu nk'umubare, gupakira, n'uburyo bateganya gutanga imiti yawe.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Heparin

Imiti myinshi ishobora kwirinda amaraso gukomera niba heparin itagukwiriye. Izi nzira zisimburana zikora mu buryo butandukanye ariko zikora ibintu bisa no kukurinda amaraso ateje akaga.

Heparins yoroheje ya molekile nka enoxaparin (Lovenox) ifitanye isano rya hafi na heparin isanzwe ariko ikora igihe kirekire kandi ikeneye gukurikiranwa gake. Ibi birashobora kuba byiza niba ukeneye kuvurwa murugo cyangwa ukunda inshinge zitavugwa kenshi.

Imiti mishya yitwa direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) irimo apixaban (Eliquis), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), na dabigatran (Pradaxa). Izi pilule zikora mu buryo butandukanye na heparin ariko zirashobora kwirinda amaraso neza kuburyo bwinshi.

Muganga wawe azagufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo bwiza bushobora gukora neza ku miterere yawe. Guhitamo biterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye, imiti yindi ufata, n'ubuzima bwawe.

Ese Heparine iruta Warifarine?

Heparine na warifarine zombi ni imiti myiza ituma amaraso atavura, ariko zikora mu bihe bitandukanye. Heparine ikora ako kanya iyo yatewe, naho warifarine bitwara iminsi myinshi kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka zose nyuma yo gutangira gufata ibinini.

Kugira ngo wirinde amabuye y'amaraso ako kanya, heparine akenshi ni yo nziza. Niba ugiye kubagwa, ufite amabuye y'amaraso akora, cyangwa ukeneye gukoresha imiti ituma amaraso atavura vuba, heparine itanga igikorwa cyihuse ukeneye.

Warifarine ikora neza mu gihe kirekire cyo kwirinda amabuye y'amaraso kuko ushobora kuyifata nk'ikibazo cya buri munsi mu rugo. Abantu benshi batangira na heparine mu bitaro hanyuma bagahindukirira warifarine kugira ngo bakomeze kwirinda.

Itsinda ry'ubuvuzi ryawe rizaganira ku bintu nk'uko ukeneye kwirinda vuba, igihe uzakenera kuvurwa, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe mugihe uhitamo hagati yiyi miti.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Heparine

Ese Heparine irakwiriye ku bagore batwite?

Yego, heparine muri rusange irakwiriye mugihe cyo gutwita mugihe izindi miti ituma amaraso atavura itari yo. Bitandukanye na warifarine, heparine ntinyura muri plasenta, bityo ntizagira ingaruka ku mwana wawe ukura.

Abagore batwite rimwe na rimwe bakeneye imiti ituma amaraso atavura kubera ibibazo nk'amaraso y'imitsi yimbitse cyangwa ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'umutima. Heparine itanga uburinzi bukora neza mugihe ikingira umwana wawe ingaruka z'imiti.

Muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi mugihe utwite kugirango yemeze ko urimo kubona urugero rukwiye. Umubare wa heparine ukeneye urashobora guhinduka uko utwite.

Nigute nzakora niba nifashishije heparine nyinshi?

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba utekereza ko wakiriye heparin nyinshi cyane. Nubwo bishobora guteza impungenge, gukoresha heparin nyinshi cyane birashobora kuvurwa neza n'ubuvuzi bukwiriye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora guterwa no gukoresha heparin nyinshi cyane ni ukuva amaraso. Reba ibimenyetso nk'uburibwe budasanzwe, kuva amaraso kudahagarara, amaraso mu nkari cyangwa mu musarani, cyangwa kubabara umutwe cyane. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Niba bibaye ngombwa, abaganga barashobora kuguha imiti yo guhindura ingaruka za heparin. Protamine sulfate ni umuti ushobora guhindura vuba ingaruka za heparin niba ukuva amaraso gukomeye kubayeho.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nsimbukiye urugero rwa Heparin?

Niba usimbukiye urugero rwa heparin, vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo akuyobore aho kugerageza kwikorera. Igihe n'urugero rwa heparin ni ngombwa ku mutekano wawe.

Ntukongere urugero cyangwa ugerageze gusubiza inshinge wasimbukiye. Ibi bishobora gutuma ufata imiti myinshi mu mubiri wawe kandi bikongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gusubira mu murongo w'igihe cyo gufata imiti neza.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Heparin?

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata heparin utabiherewe uburenganzira n'umuganga wawe, n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Guhagarara ako kanya bishobora kukugira mu kaga k'amaraso akomeye.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizafata icyemezo cyo guhagarika igihe bizaba bitekanye hashingiwe ku buzima bwawe, ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'amaraso, n'ubuzima muri rusange. Abantu bamwe bahindukirira imiti ituma amaraso atavura, mu gihe abandi bashobora guhagarika neza imiti yose ituma amaraso atavura.

Icyemezo cyo guhagarika giterwa n'impamvu wari ukeneye heparin mbere na mbere niba ibyago byawe byo gupfuka amaraso byaragabanutse bihagije ku buryo bitekanye.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba mfata Heparin?

Nibyiza kwirinda inzoga cyangwa kuzigabanya cyane niba ufata heparin. Inzoga irashobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso kandi ikabangamira uburyo imiti ikora neza.

Ubusinzi n'umuti wa heparin byombi bigira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso yawe akama, bityo kubivanga birashobora guteza akaga. N'ubwo wasoma inzoga nkeya bishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku birebana no kunywa inzoga mu gihe uvurwa na heparin. Bazaguha inama zihariye zishingiye ku buzima bwawe n'igihe uzamara uvurwa.