Urukingo rwa Virus ya Grippe (Rufashwa): Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'ibindi

Urukingo rwa virus ya grippe (rufashwa) ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'urukingo rwa grippe rugamije gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara. Bitandukanye n'inkingo zisanzwe za grippe, uru ruvuguruye rukubiyemo ikintu gifasha - igikoresho gifasha gikomeza uburyo umubiri wawe witwara ku rukingo, bigatuma rukora neza mu kukurinda grippe.

Urukingo rwavuguruwe rufite akamaro cyane cyane ku bantu bafite uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara butashobora gusubiza neza ku nkingo zisanzwe za grippe. Ni nko guha umubiri wawe uburyo bwo kwitondera cyane no gukora uburinzi bukomeye kandi burambye kurwanya virusi ya grippe.

Urukingo rwa Virus ya Grippe (Rufashwa) ni iki?

Urukingo rwa grippe rufashwa ni uruvuguruye rukomeye rw'urukingo rwa grippe rusanzwe rukubiyemo umufasha wo kurwanya indwara witwa adjuvant. Uyu adjuvant ufasha uburyo bwawe bwo kurwanya indwara kumenya no kwibuka virusi ya grippe neza, bigatuma habaho uburinzi bukomeye kandi burambye.

Urukingo rwa grippe rufashwa rukoreshwa cyane rukoresha MF59, amavuta mu mazi yashyizwe mu rukingo rwakoreshejwe mu buryo bwizewe mu nkingo mu myaka myinshi ishize. Iyo yatewe mu mikaya yawe, itera uburyo buto bwo kurwanya indwara butuma selile zirwanya indwara zikururwa ahatewe urukingo, zikazifasha kwiga kurwanya virusi ya grippe neza.

Tekereza adjuvant nk'urumuri rufasha uburyo bwawe bwo kurwanya indwara kwibanda ku bice byingenzi by'urukingo. Uku kwitondera kwongerewe bituma habaho kwibuka neza uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara, bivuze ko umubiri wawe uzaba witeguye neza niba uhuye na virusi ya grippe nyayo nyuma.

Urukingo rwa Virus ya Grippe (Rufashwa) rukoreshwa mu iki?

Urukingo rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda grippe y'igihembwe mu bantu bakuru, cyane cyane abafite imyaka 65 n'abarenzeho uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara butashobora gusubiza neza ku nkingo zisanzwe za grippe. Birinda ubwoko bwa grippe abashakashatsi bavuga ko bazazenguruka mu gihembwe kizaza cya grippe.

Ubwoko bufashwa ni bwiza cyane cyane ku bantu bakuze kuko gusaza bishobora kunaniza ubudahangarwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu barengeje imyaka 65 bakoresha urukingo rufashwa bagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye ugereranije n'abakoresha inkingo zisanzwe za grip.

Abaganga kandi basaba uru rukingo ku bantu bakuru bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira nka indwara z'umutima, diyabete, cyangwa ibibazo by'ibihaha. Izi ndwara zishobora gutuma grip iba mbi cyane, bityo kurindwa kwongerewe kuva ku rukingo rufashwa bitanga umutekano wihariye mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya grip.

Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe (Rufashwa) Rukora Gute?

Uru rukingo rukora mu kwigisha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya gripe mbere yuko urwara. Uru rukingo rukubiyemo ibice bya virusi ya gripe itagira ubushobozi bwo gutera indwara ariko yigisha umubiri wawe icyo ugomba gushaka.

Urufashanyo rukora nk'umutoza w'ubudahangarwa, rukongerera urukingo ubushobozi. Iyo ruterwa, rutera igisubizo cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe kigenga gikurura imisemburo y'ubudahangarwa ahaterwa urukingo. Iyi misemburo noneho yiga ibice bya virusi ya gripe neza kandi ikabibuka neza.

Ubu buryo bwo kwiga bwongerewe bufasha umubiri wawe gukora imisemburo myinshi kandi bugateza imbere ubudahangarwa bukomeye. Niba nyuma uhuye na virusi ya gripe nyayo, umubiri wawe uyimenya vuba kandi ugatangiza uburyo bwo kwirinda bwihuse kandi bukomeye kugirango wirinde kurwara.

Urukingo rufashwa rufatwa nk'urukomeye ruringaniye - rukomeye kurusha inkingo zisanzwe za gripe ariko rukaba rukiri umutekano. Abantu benshi bagira ubwirinzi bwiza mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa, kandi uru rurinda rukunda kumara igihe cyose cy'icyorezo cya gripe.

Nkwiriye Gukoresha Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe (Rufashwa) Nte?

Uyu muti uzahabwa nk'urushinge rumwe mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe, akenshi rutangwa n'umuganga mu biro by'abaganga, farumasi, cyangwa ivuriro. Urukinge ubwarwo rufata amasegonda make kandi rutangwa hakoreshejwe urushinge ruzira umwanda n'urushinge.

Ntabwo ukeneye kwiyiriza cyangwa kwirinda kurya mbere yo guhabwa urukingo. Mubyukuri, kurya ifunguro rito mbere bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza mugihe cyo gukingirwa. Kunywa amazi menshi mbere na nyuma yo guterwa urushinge birashobora kandi kugufasha kuguma ufite amazi ahagije mumubiri.

Nta myiteguro idasanzwe ikenewe, ariko kwambara ishati ifite amaboko yoroshye bituma umuganga agera kubice by'ukuboko kwawe byoroshye. Niba wumva utameze neza ufite umuriro cyangwa indwara yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye, biruta gutegereza kugeza wumva umeze neza mbere yo gukingirwa.

Nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, akenshi uzasabwa gutegereza iminota 15-20 kugirango wemeze ko nta ngaruka zihuse ufite. Iki gihe cyo gutegereza ni ingamba zisanzwe zo kwirinda zifasha abaganga gukemura vuba ingaruka zose zidasanzwe zo kwivumbura.

Nzagenda Ndege Urukingo rwa Virus ya Grippe (Adjuvanted) Mugihe Kingana Gite?

Ukeneye guhabwa uru rukingo buri mwaka, byaba byiza mbere yuko igihe cya gripu gitangira mu gihe cy'imvura. Urukingo rwa gripu ni urukingo rwa buri mwaka kuko virusi ya gripu ihinduka buri gihe, kandi urukingo rwa buri mwaka ruvugururwa kugirango rurinde ubwoko bwitezwe kuzenguruka.

Uburinzi buva murukingo rwawe rwa gripu bugabanuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe gihita, ikindi kintu gituma urukingo rwa buri mwaka ari ingenzi. Urwibutso rw'umubiri wawe rwo kurukingo rw'umwaka ushize ntirushobora kuba rukomeye bihagije kugirango rugukingire kuri virusi ya gripu yuyu mwaka.

Abenshi mu baganga b’ubuzima basaba ko urukingo rwa buri mwaka rwa gripu ruboneka mbere y’uko Ukwakira kurangira, nubwo kwikingiza nyuma y’igihembwe bitanga uburinzi bw’agaciro. Urukingo rufata ibyumweru bibiri kugirango rutange uburinzi bwuzuye, bityo kwikingiza kare bituma ugira uburinzi bwiza mu gihembwe cya gripu.

Niba utarigeze urikingiza gripu mbere cyangwa niba utazi neza amateka yawe yo kwikingiza, urukingo rumwe rurakwiriye. Bitandukanye n’izindi nkingo, ntugomba gukingirwa inshuro nyinshi - urukingo rumwe rwa buri mwaka rutanga uburinzi bwuzuye bw’umwaka wose.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Ku Rukingo Rwa Virus ya Grippu (Rufite Adjuvanted)?

Abantu benshi bagira ibikorwa bigaragara byoroheje bigaragaza ko umubiri wawe urimo gusubiza urukingo. Ibi bikorwa bigaragara muri rusange kurusha uko biba ku nkingo zisanzwe za gripu kubera adjuvante, ariko muri rusange biracyari byoroheje kandi ntibiramba.

Ibikorwa bigaragara cyane ushobora guhura nabyo birimo kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo. Ibi bikorwa byo mu gace bikunda kugaragara nyuma y’amasaha make kandi bigakira mu minsi 2-3. Ushobora kandi kumva umubiri urimo kubabara cyangwa ukumva unaniwe igihe umubiri wawe urimo gutunganya urukingo.

Ibikorwa Bigaragara Cyane

Dore ibikorwa bigaragara abantu benshi bahura nabyo nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa gripu rufite adjuvanted:

• Kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo
• Kubabara umubiri byoroheje
• Urubavu ruto (muri rusange munsi ya 101°F)
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa utameze neza umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri
• Kubabara umutwe byoroheje
• Ubugororokere cyangwa kubabara mu ngingo

Ibi bikorwa ni ibimenyetso byiza byerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo kubaka uburinzi bwo kurwanya gripu. Abantu benshi basanga ibi bikorwa bishobora gucungwa kandi muri rusange bikira mu minsi 2-3 nta kuvurwa.

Ibikorwa Bigaragara Bitari Byinshi Ariko Bikomeye

Nubwo bidasanzwe, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n’ibikorwa bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi:

• Uburwayi bukomeye (buri hejuru ya 102°F) bumara amasaha arenga 24
• Urubavu rukomeye rwangiza imirimo ya buri munsi
• Umutwe udacogora hamwe no gukakara kw'ijosi
• Umunaniro udasanzwe cyangwa ububabare mu maboko cyangwa amaguru
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa guhagarara mu gituza
• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwivumbura (imivumbi, kubyimba, kugorana kumira)

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba na bwangu. Nubwo izi ngaruka zitamenyerewe, zirashobora kuvurwa neza n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ingaruka zidakunze kubaho cyane

Hariho ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zidakunze kubaho cyane zaratanzweho raporo, nubwo isano n'urukingo itajya igaragara neza:

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (ubunaniro bw'imitsi bw'agateganyo no guhagarara kw'ingingo)
• Urukerereza rukomerekeye mu gukingira (SIRVA)
• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwivumbura (anaphylaxis)
• Udukorwa tw'umuriro (cyane cyane mu bana bato, nubwo uru rukingo rukunda gutangwa ku bantu bakuru)

Ubu burwayi bukomeye bubaho ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri 100,000 bakira urukingo. Ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye biturutse ku cyorezo cy'ibicurane ni byinshi cyane kurusha ibyago byo guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye z'urukingo.

Ninde utagomba gufata urukingo rw'icyorezo cy'ibicurane (Adjuvanted)?

Abantu bakuru benshi bashobora gufata urukingo rw'ibicurane rwa adjuvanted mu mutekano, ariko hariho ibihe bimwe na bimwe bitagomba gukoreshwa. Abantu bafite allergie ikomeye ku bintu bigize urukingo cyangwa abantu bagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nkingo z'ibicurane zabanje bagomba kwirinda uru rukingo.

Niba urwaye indwara ikomeye ifite umuriro mwinshi, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutegereza kugeza ugarutse mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi ntibiterwa n'uko urukingo rufite akaga iyo urwaye, ahubwo ni uko bigoye kumenya niba ibimenyetso byose biturutse ku ndwara yawe cyangwa urukingo.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe bagomba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko mbere yo gukingirwa. Muganga wawe azareba amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze ubu kugira ngo amenye niba uru rukingo rukwiriye kuri wowe.

Abantu batagomba guhabwa uru rukingo

Dore amatsinda y'ingenzi agomba kwirinda urukingo rwa gripe rufite adjuvant:

• Umuntu wese ufite allergie ikomeye ku bintu bigize urukingo (harimo amagi, nubwo abantu benshi bafite allergie y'amagi bashobora guhabwa inkingo za gripe nta kibazo)
• Abantu bagize ibibazo bikomeye ku nkingo za gripe zabanje
• Abafite indwara ikomeye, ikora kandi ifite umuriro mwinshi
• Abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 65 (keretse iyo byemejwe n'umuganga wabo)
• Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'umubiri zikeneye isuzuma ryitondewe
• Umuntu wese uri gufata imiti ikandamiza cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri

Niba kimwe muri ibi bibazo bikureba, ganira n'umuganga wawe ku bindi bisubizo. Bashobora kugusaba urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripe cyangwa bagasaba gutegereza kugeza igihe ubuzima bwawe buhindutse.

Izina ry'urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe (Adjuvanted)

Izina risanzwe ry'urukingo rwa gripe rufite adjuvant ni Fluad, rukorwa na Seqirus. Uru rukingo rumaze imyaka myinshi rukoreshwa neza i Burayi kandi rwemejwe gukoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika mu mwaka wa 2015.

Fluad ikubiyemo adjuvant ya MF59, ikaba ari amavuta mu mazi atuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwiyongera. Muganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiti bazamenya uru rukingo ku izina ryarwo, bityo ushobora gusaba by'umwihariko Fluad igihe uteganya guhabwa urukingo rwa gripe.

Izindi nkingo za gripe zifite adjuvant zishobora kuboneka mu gihe kizaza, ariko Fluad iracyariyo ihitamo ryibanze rikoreshwa muri serivisi z'ubuzima nyinshi. Uru rukingo ruzanwa mu nshinge zujujwe mbere kandi rubikwa muri firigo kugeza igihe rukoreshejwe.

Izindi nkingo za virusi ya gripe (Adjuvanted)

Niba urukingo rwa gripu ruzuzanya rutagukwiriye, hari izindi nzira nyinshi zishobora gutanga uburinzi bwiza ku muriro wa gripu. Urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu rutuma umubiri utagira ubwirinzi (urukingo ruterwa) ni rwo rukingo rukoreshwa cyane kandi rukwiriye abantu benshi bafite amezi arenga 6.

Ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 65 n'abarenzeho, urukingo rwa gripu rufite urugero rwo hejuru (Fluzone High-Dose) ni indi nzira itanga uburinzi bwongerewe. Urukingo rukubiyemo inshuro enye z'umubare wa antigen nk'urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu ariko ntirukoresha uruzuzanya.

Urukingo rwa gripu rukorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (Flublok) ni uburyo bwiza ku bantu bafite allergie y'amagi kuko rukorwa hatifashishijwe amagi. Urukingo rwemejwe ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 18 n'abarenzeho kandi rutanga uburinzi busa n'urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu.

Ku bantu bakunda kutajomba inshinge, urukingo rwa gripu rutera mu mazuru (FluMist) ruboneka ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 2 na 49. Ariko, iyi nzira ntikwiriye abantu bakuze cyangwa abafite indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Ese Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripu (Ruzuzanya) Ruruta Urukingo Rusanzwe rwa Gripu?

Ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 65 n'abarenzeho, urukingo rwa gripu ruzuzanya akenshi rutanga uburinzi bwiza kuruta urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bakuze bakira urukingo ruzuzanya bagira ubwirinzi bukomeye kandi bagira uburinzi bwiza bwo kutagira gripu.

Urukingo ruzuzanya rwagaragaye ko rufite akamaro ka 24% kurusha urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu mu kurinda indwara ya gripu ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 65 n'abarenzeho. Ibi bisobanura ko habaho ibibazo bike bya gripu, abantu bake barwara bikajyanwa mu bitaro, n'indwara idakaze cyane iyo indwara zigaragaye.

Ariko, ku bantu bakiri bato bafite ubudahangarwa bwiza, urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu akenshi rutanga uburinzi buhagije. Urugero ruzuzanya rwateguwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo rutsinde ubwirinzi bugabanutse bukunze kuza no gusaza.

Ubwoko bw'urukingo ruterwa buterwa n'imyaka yawe, uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha guhitamo urukingo rukwiranye rukurinda neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa ku bijyanye n'urukingo rwa virusi ya grip (ifite imiti yongera ubudahangarwa)

Ese urukingo rwa virusi ya grip (ifite imiti yongera ubudahangarwa) rworohereza abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Yego, urukingo rwa grip ifite imiti yongera ubudahangarwa ntirugira ingaruka mbi ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima gusa, ahubwo birasabwa cyane. Indwara z'umutima zituma ugira ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye za grip, kandi kurindwa neza biva ku rukingo rufite imiti yongera ubudahangarwa bifite akamaro kanini.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko guterwa urukingo rwa grip rushobora kugabanya ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo by'umutima n'izindi ndwara z'umutima mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya grip. Virus ya grip ishobora gutera umubiri kubyimba bigatuma umutima wawe ukora cyane, bityo kwirinda indwara ya grip bifasha kurengera ubuzima bw'umutima wawe.

Niba urwaye indwara z'umutima, ganira n'umuganga w'umutima wawe ku gihe cyo guterwa urukingo, cyane cyane niba uri gukira ibibazo by'umutima. Mu bihe byinshi, guterwa urukingo vuba bishoboka bitanga uburinzi bwiza.

Ninkora iki niba niterwa inkingo ebyiri za grip mu gihe kimwe?

Kuterwa inkingo ebyiri za grip mu gihe kimwe ntibiteje akaga, nubwo bitari ngombwa kandi bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye kurusha uko byari bisanzwe. Ibi nibiba, ushobora guhura no kuribwa cyane, kunanirwa, cyangwa izindi ngaruka zoroheje, ariko ingorane zikomeye ntizishoboka.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe umumenyeshe iby'urukingo rwakubayeho. Barashobora kuvugurura amakuru yawe kandi bakagukurikiranira ingaruka zidasanzwe. Abantu benshi bahawe inkingo ebyiri za grip bazana ingaruka ntoya zinyongera.

Mu gihe kizaza, andika urutonde rw'inkingo zawe kugira ngo wirinde iki kibazo. Sisitemu nyinshi z'ubuzima ubu zifite inyandiko za elegitoroniki zifasha kwirinda inkingo zikubye kabiri, ariko kugira urutonde rwawe rutanga uburinzi bwihariye.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urukingo rwa buri mwaka rwa gripu?

Niba ucikanwe no guhabwa urukingo rwa gripu mbere yuko igihe cya gripu gitangira, biracyakwiriye guhabwa urukingo nyuma y'igihe. Ibikorwa bya gripu mubisanzwe bikomeza kugeza mu mpeshyi, bityo gukingirwa nyuma bishobora gutanga uburinzi bw'agaciro.

Habwa urukingo rwawe rwa gripu vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kumenya ko warucikanywe. Urukingo rutwara ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo rwubake uburinzi bwuzuye, ariko nubwo uburinzi butuzuye buruta ubwo nta na kimwe mu gihe cya gripu ikora.

Ntugategereze umwaka utaha niba waracikanwe n'igihe cyo gukingirwa. N'iyo igihe cya gripu kigeze, gukingirwa biracyashobora kwirinda indwara no kugabanya ubukana bw'ibimenyetso niba urwaye.

Nshobora kureka ryari gufata urukingo rwa virusi ya gripu (ifite adjuvant)?

Ukwiye gukomeza guhabwa inkingo za gripu buri mwaka mu buzima bwawe bwose, kuko virusi ya gripu ihinduka buri gihe kandi uburinzi bwa sisitemu yawe y'ubudahangarwa bugabanuka uko igihe gihita. Nta myaka ushobora kureka guhabwa inkingo za gripu.

Mu by'ukuri, icyifuzo cyo gukingirwa gripu akenshi kiba ingenzi cyane uko ushaje, kuko abantu bakuze bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingorane zikomeye za gripu. Urukingo rufite adjuvant rwateguwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo rutange uburinzi bwiza kuri ibi byago byiyongereye.

Reka gukingirwa gripu gusa niba umuganga wawe aguciye intege zo gukingirwa kubera indwara zihariye cyangwa allergie. Kubantu benshi, gukingirwa gripu buri mwaka bikomeza kuba byiza mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa gripu rufite adjuvant niba ntwite?

Urukingo rwa gripe rufite ibiyongerwaho ntirusanzwe rutangwa ku bagore batwite, kuko ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwo kureba umutekano bwashyizwe ku bantu bakuze kurusha abagore batwite. Ariko, gukingirwa gripe igihe utwite ni ibintu by'ingenzi kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe.

Niba utwite, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripe rutagira ubuzima, rufite amakuru menshi y'umutekano ku bagore batwite. Urukingo rukurinda cyane indwara ya gripe igihe utwite.

Ganira ku buryo bwo gukingirwa n'umuganga wawe wita ku nda cyangwa undi muganga. Bashobora kugusaba urukingo rwa gripe rufite umutekano kandi rukwiriye kubera uko umeze n'igihe utwite.