Umuti w'inkingo ya virusi ya gripu (inzira ya intradermal na intramuscular): Imikoreshereze, urugero, ingaruka ziterwa n'umubiri n'ibindi

Umuti w'inkingo ya virusi ya gripu ni uburyo bwawe bwo kwirinda buri mwaka indwara ya gripu, indwara isanzwe ariko ishobora kuba ikomeye y'ubuhumekero. Uyu muti w'inkingo uza mu buryo bubiri bukuru: intradermal (itangwa mu ruhu) na intramuscular (itangwa mu misitsi), byombi bigamije gufasha urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya gripu mbere yuko zikwanduza indwara.

Gukingirwa buri mwaka ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe n'abo ukunda indwara ya gripu. Uyu muti w'inkingo ukora mugushyira virusi ya gripu itagira akamaro cyangwa yaracitse intege mu rwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa, bigatuma yubaka uburyo bwo kwirinda itateje indwara nyayo.

Umuti w'inkingo ya virusi ya gripu ni iki?

Umuti w'inkingo ya gripu ni urukingo rwa buri mwaka rurinda indwara zikunze kugaragara za virusi ya gripu zitezwe kuzenguruka buri gihembwe. Abahanga bavugurura formula y'urukingo buri mwaka hashingiwe ku byo bateganya ku bijyanye n'ubwoko bwa gripu buzaba bwinshi.

Urukingo rukubiyemo virusi ya gripu itagira akamaro (yapfuye) cyangwa virusi nzima ariko yaracitse intege idashobora gutera indwara mu bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Iyo wakiriye urukingo, urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rwigira kumenya ibi bice bya virusi kandi rugakora imibiri irwanya kugirango irwanye.

Hariho uburyo bubiri nyamukuru bwo gutanga uru rukingo. Uburyo bwa intradermal bukoresha urushinge ruto cyane kandi rugenda munsi y'uruhu rwawe, mugihe uburyo bwa intramuscular bukoresha urushinge rurerure kugirango rugere ku gice cy'imitsi mu kuboko kwawe.

Umuti w'inkingo ya virusi ya gripu ukoreshwa kubiki?

Intego nyamukuru y'urukingo rwa gripu ni ukurinda indwara ya gripu no kugabanya ubukana bw'ibimenyetso niba urwaye. Urukingo rurinda ubwoko butatu cyangwa bune butandukanye bwa virusi ya gripu abashakashatsi bateganya ko bizaba bisanzwe cyane mugihembwe kizaza cya gripu.

Uretse kwirinda ku giti cyawe, gukingirwa bifasha gushyiraho ubudahangarwa bw'abaturage, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro cyane mu kurinda abantu bafite ibibazo byihariye. Ibi bikubiyemo abana bato bari munsi y'amezi 6, abageze mu zabukuru, abagore batwite, n'abantu bafite indwara zidakira nk'umwuka mubi, diyabete, cyangwa indwara z'umutima.

Urwo rukingo rufasha kandi kugabanya umubare w'abarwayi mu gihe cy'icyorezo cy'ibicurane. Iyo abantu benshi bakingiwe, abantu bake nibo bakeneye ubuvuzi kubera ibibazo byatewe n'ibicurane, bishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bibangamira ubuzima.

Urukingo rw'icyorezo cy'ibicurane rukora gute?

Urukingo rw'ibicurane rukora mu kwigisha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi z'ibicurane zihariye. Iyo uhabwa urukingo, umubiri wawe uhura na poroteyine za virusi cyangwa virusi zoroheje zitera igisubizo cy'ubudahangarwa ntizitera indwara.

Ubudahangarwa bwawe bwisubiza butanga imisemburo, ari poroteyine zihariye zishobora kumenya no gukura virusi z'ibicurane vuba niba wahuye nazo nyuma. Iyi nzira ikunze gufata ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa kugirango itange uburinzi bwuzuye.

Urukingo rufatwa nk'urufite akamaro gakwiye, hamwe n'uburinzi butandukanye buri mwaka bitewe n'uko urukingo ruhuye neza n'ubwoko bw'ibicurane buriho. N'iyo bitagenda neza, gukingirwa akenshi bigabanya ubukana n'igihe cy'indwara niba urwaye.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rw'icyorezo cy'ibicurane gute?

Urukingo rw'ibicurane rutangwa nk'urushinge rumwe, akenshi mu kaboko kawe k'igice cyo hejuru. Ntabwo ukeneye kwiyiriza cyangwa gukora imyiteguro yihariye mbere yo guhabwa urukingo.

Ku bwoko bwo mu misitsi, umuganga wawe azatera urukingo mu gice cy'umubiri wawe cyitwa deltoid akoresheje urushinge rusanzwe. Ubwoko bwo mu ruhu bukoresha urushinge ruto cyane rwinjira mu bice byo hejuru by'uruhu gusa, bigatuma biba uburyo bwiza ku bantu bafite ubwoba bw'urushinge.

Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe mbere na nyuma yo gukingirwa. Abantu bamwe basanga bifasha kurya agafunguro gato mbere kugira ngo birinde kumva umutwe, nubwo ibyo bidakenewe kuri benshi.

Nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo, ni byiza kuguma aho watewe urukingo mu gihe cy'iminota 15 kugira ngo wemeze ko nta ngaruka zihutirwa ugira. Urashobora gukomeza ibikorwa bisanzwe nyuma yo gukingirwa, nubwo ushobora kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye ukoresha ukuboko kwatewe urukingo umunsi wose.

Nzakira Urukingo rw'Ubukana bw'Ubwoko bwa Influenza Mugihe Kingana Gite?

Urukingo rwa gripu ni urukingo rwa buri mwaka, bivuze ko ugomba kuruhabwa buri mwaka. Uburinzi butangwa n'urukingo bugenda bugabanuka uko igihe gihita, kandi virusi ya gripu ihinduka umwaka ku wundi, bituma gukingirwa buri mwaka biba ngombwa.

Igihe cyiza cyo gukingirwa ni mu ntangiriro z'igihe cya gripu, akenshi hagati ya Nzeri na Ukwakira. Ariko, gukingirwa nyuma y'icyo gihe biracyatanga uburinzi bw'agaciro, kuko ibikorwa bya gripu bishobora gukomeza kugeza mu mpeshyi.

Ugomba gukomeza guhabwa urukingo rwa gripu buri mwaka mu buzima bwawe bwose, keretse muganga wawe abiguhayeho inama bitewe n'uburwayi bwihariye. Inama z'urukingo ziguma zihuje ku bantu bakuru benshi, nubwo imiterere ishobora guhinduka gato ku bantu barengeje imyaka 65 bashobora kungukirwa n'ubwoko bwa doze nyinshi.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Ziterwa n'Urukingo rw'Ubukana bw'Ubwoko bwa Influenza?

Abantu benshi bagira ingaruka nto gusa ziterwa n'urukingo rwa gripu, kandi ingaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane. Ingaruka zisanzwe ni ingaruka zigaragara ahatewe urukingo n'ibimenyetso byoroheje by'umubiri bikemuka mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo, wibuke ko abantu benshi batagira ingaruka na gato:

• Kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo
• Urubavu ruto
• Kubabara umutwe gake
• Kubabara imitsi
• Kunanirwa
• Isesemi

Ibi bimenyetso ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe ukora neza ku rukingo. Bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'amasaha 6 kugeza kuri 12 nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi bigakira mu minsi 1 kugeza kuri 2.

Urukingo rwo mu ruhu rushobora gutera ibimenyetso byo ku ruhu byinshi ugereranyije n'urwo mu mikaya, harimo umutuku, kubyimba, no kuribwa ahaterwa urukingo. Ibi bimenyetso muri rusange biroroshye kandi bikira byonyine.

Ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kutitabira urukingo ni gake cyane ariko bishobora kwerekanamo ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura. Ibi nibyo bituma abaganga bagira inama yo kuguma aho urukingo rwatangiwe iminota 15 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibimenyetso byihuse.

Ninde utagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa virusi ya grip?

Nubwo urukingo rwa grip ruteje umutekano kuri benshi, hari abantu bamwe bagomba kurwanya cyangwa bakabanza kugisha inama abaganga babo. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kutitabira urukingo ni allergie ikomeye ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose kigize urukingo.

Abantu batagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa grip barimo abafite allergie ikomeye ku magi, gelatin, imiti yica mikorobe, cyangwa ibindi bigize urukingo. Niba waragize allergie ikomeye ku rukingo rwa grip rwo hambere, ugomba kuganira ku zindi nzira zishoboka n'umuganga wawe.

Abantu barwaye indwara yo hagati kugeza ku ikomeye irimo umuriro bagomba gutegereza kugeza bakize mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi ntibiterwa n'uko urukingo ruteye akaga mu gihe cy'indwara, ahubwo ni uko bishobora kugora gutandukanya ibimenyetso byo kutitabira urukingo n'ibimenyetso by'indwara.

Abantu bafite amateka ya Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) mu byumweru bitandatu nyuma yo gukingirwa grip rwo hambere bagomba kugisha inama abaganga babo mbere yo kongera gukingirwa. Nubwo ibyago bya GBS biturutse ku gukingirwa grip biri hasi cyane, muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gupima ibyago n'inyungu.

Abana bari munsi y'amezi 6 ntibashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa gripe, ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko abagore batwite n'abantu basanzwe bafitanye umubano wa hafi n'impinja bikingizwa kugira ngo batange uburinzi butaziguye.

Amazina y'Urukingo rwa Virusi ya Gripe

Ibigo bitandukanye by'imiti bikora inkingo za gripe, buri kimwe gifite amazina yacyo bwite. Ubwoko bwihariye wakira bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuganga wawe n'ibiboneka mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya gripe.

Amazina asanzwe y'inkingo za gripe ziterwa mu mikaya harimo Fluzone, Fluvirin, Fluarix, na FluLaval. Ku bwoko bwo guterwa mu ruhu, Fluzone Intradermal ni yo isanzwe iboneka cyane, nubwo igenewe amatsinda y'imyaka yihariye.

Urukingo ruterwa mu ruhu rukunze gukundwa ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 18 kugeza kuri 64, mu gihe inkingo ziterwa mu mikaya ziboneka ku bantu bafite imyaka itandukanye. Umuganga wawe azahitamo urukingo rukwiye cyane bitewe n'imyaka yawe, uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, n'ibyo ukeneye ku giti cyawe.

Nubwo izina ry'urukingo ryaba ari irihe, inkingo zose za gripe zemerewe gukoreshwa zujuje amahame amwe yo kurengera ubuzima no gukora neza. Guhitamo hagati y'ubwoko butandukanye bikunze gushingira ku kuboneka kw'urukingo no ku byo umuganga wawe akunda kurusha ibindi aho gutandukana cyane mu buryo bwo kurengera ubuzima.

Uburyo bwo gusimbura Urukingo rwa Virusi ya Gripe

Nubwo urukingo rwa gripe ruterwa mu rushinge ari rwo rukoreshwa cyane mu gukingira, hari uburyo bumwe bwo gusimbura: urukingo rwa gripe ruterwa mu mazuru, ruzwi kandi nka FluMist. Uru rukingo rwa gripe rukoresha virusi zifite intege nke ziterwa mu mazuru aho guterwa mu rushinge.

Urukingo ruterwa mu mazuru rukubiyemo virusi za gripe zifite intege nke ariko zitashobora gutera indwara ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Rwemerewe abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza bafite imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 49 batatwite kandi badafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zishingiye ku buzima.

Abantu bamwe bakunda umuti uterwa mu mazuru kuko ntukoresha urushinge, bikaba bishimisha cyane abana cyangwa abantu bakuru bafite ubwoba bw'urushinge. Ariko, ntibikwiriye kuri buri wese, cyane cyane abafite uburwayi budakira bw'umubiri cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira.

Ku bantu batabasha guhabwa urukingo urwo arirwo rwose rwa gripe kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi, ibitekerezo byimurirwa ku zindi ngamba zo gukumira. Izi zirimo gukaraba intoki kenshi, kwirinda guhura n'abarwayi, no kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange binyuze mu mirire myiza no gusinzira bihagije.

Ese urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe ruruta urukingo rwa pneumococcal?

Urukingo rwa gripe n'urukingo rwa pneumococcal bifite ibyo bikora bitandukanye kandi birinda indwara zitandukanye, bityo ntibigereranywa mu buryo butaziguye. Inkingo zombi ni ingenzi kugira ngo zirinde indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.

Urukingo rwa gripe rurinda by'umwihariko virusi ya gripe, itera ibyorezo bya gripe bya buri gihe. Urukingo rwa pneumococcal rurinda bagiteri ya Streptococcus pneumoniae, ishobora gutera umusonga, meningitis, n'izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Abaganga benshi b'ubuzima basaba ko abantu bamwe na bamwe bahabwa inkingo zombi, cyane cyane abantu bakuze n'abafite indwara zidakira. Guhabwa inkingo zombi bitanga uburinzi bwagutse ku bwoko bubiri butandukanye bw'indwara zikomeye zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.

Igihe n'uburyo izi nkingo zitangwa nabyo biratandukanye. Urukingo rwa gripe rukenewe buri mwaka, naho inkingo za pneumococcal zitangwa rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu buzima bwose, bitewe n'urukingo rwashyizweho, imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa virusi ya gripe

Ese urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe rufitiye umutekano abantu barwaye indwara zidakira?

Yego, urukingo rwa gripu ntabwo ari rwo rwonyine rufite umutekano, ahubwo ni ingenzi cyane ku bantu barwaye indwara zidakira nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, asima, n'indwara z'impyiko. Izi ndwara zituma ugira ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingorane zikomeye za gripu, bigatuma urukingo ruba uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda.

Abantu bafite indwara zidakira akenshi bagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku rukingo kandi bashobora kungukirwa n'imiti ifite urugero rwo hejuru niba barengeje imyaka 65. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ubwoko bw'urukingo bukwiye bushingiye ku buzima bwawe bwihariye.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mbonye urukingo rwa virusi ya gripu rwinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Biragoye cyane kubona urukingo rwa gripu rwinshi mu buryo butunganye, kuko buri dose ipimwa mbere kandi itangwa ku giti cyawe. Ariko, niba ubonye urukingo rwa gripu ebyiri mu gihe kimwe, ibi mubisanzwe ntibitera ingaruka.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe niba ufite impungenge zo kubona inkingo ebyiri. Barashobora kugukurikiranira ibimenyetso bidasanzwe kandi bagatanga ubuyobozi niba hari izindi ngamba zikenewe.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ntasinze urukingo rwa gripu hakiri kare mu gihembwe?

Niba utasinze urukingo hakiri kare mu gihembwe cya gripu, ugomba gufata urukingo vuba bishoboka. Ibikorwa bya gripu birashobora gukomeza kugeza mu mpeshyi, kandi gufata urukingo nyuma bitanga uburinzi bw'agaciro.

Bitwara ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo urukingo rutange uburinzi bwuzuye, bityo gufata urukingo kabone niyo byaba muri Ukuboza, Mutarama, cyangwa nyuma birashobora kugufasha kwirinda mu gihe gisigaye cy'igihembwe cya gripu.

Nshobora kureka gufata inkingo za gripu buri mwaka ryari?

Abaganga benshi basaba gukomeza gufata urukingo rwa gripu buri mwaka mu buzima bwawe bwose, kuko ibyago byo guhura n'ingorane za gripu bishobora kwiyongera uko imyaka igenda yiyongera. Nta myaka yihariye ugomba kureka gufata urukingo.

Icyemezo cyo gukomeza cyangwa guhagarika urukingo rwa grip, kigomba gufatirwa mu biganiro na muganga wawe, ushobora gusuzuma uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze muri rusange, imyaka yo kubaho, n'ibyo ukunda.

Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa grip niba ndimo gufata imiti yica mikorobe?

Gufata imiti yica mikorobe ntibibuza guhabwa urukingo rwa grip, kuko imiti yica mikorobe irwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu gihe urukingo rurinda indwara ziterwa na virusi. Ubu buvuzi bukora ku bwoko butandukanye bw'utunyangingo duto.

Ariko, niba urimo gufata imiti yica mikorobe kuko urwaye indwara yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye irimo umuriro, akenshi birasabwa gutegereza kugeza wumva umeze neza mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi bifasha kumenya neza itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibimenyetso by'indwara n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'urukingo.