Urushinge rwa virusi ya gripe ikoreshwa mu mazuru: Ibikoreshwa, urugero rwo gukoresha, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa virusi ya gripe ikoreshwa mu mazuru ni urushinge rwa gripe rutagira urushinge ruzana nk'umuti uvuzwa mu mazuru. Urasuka gusa mu mazuru yawe aho guhabwa urushinge mu kuboko kwawe. Uru rukingo rukubiyemo virusi ya gripe ikiriho yoroshye ifasha umubiri wawe kubaka ubudahangarwa ku burwayi bwa gripe utagutera kurwara.

Abantu benshi bakunda ubu buryo kuko bwihuta, butababaza, kandi ntibukoresha inshinge. Uwo muti uvuzwa mu mazuru ukora mu kwigana uburyo uhura na virusi ya gripe mu buryo busanzwe unyuze mu mazuru no mu muhogo wawe, bishobora guteza urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwirinda.

Ni iki urushinge rwa virusi ya gripe ikoreshwa mu mazuru?

Uru rukingo ni urugero rwa virusi ya gripe ikiriho, yoroshye itangwa unyuze mu mazuru yawe nk'umuti uvuzwa. Virus ziri muri urwo rukingo zihindurwa mu buryo bwihariye ku buryo zitashobora gutera indwara ya gripe ikomeye ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Ahubwo, zikomeye bihagije kugira ngo zigishe urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa uburyo bwo kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya gripe nyayo.

Urukingo rwo mu mazuru kandi rwitwa LAIV, risobanura urukingo rwa gripe ikiriho yoroshye. Bitandukanye n'urushinge rwa gripe rwa kera, rukubiyemo virusi yapfuye, uru rugero rukoresha virusi nzima zorohejwe muri laboratori. Ubu buryo rimwe na rimwe bushobora gutanga uburinzi bwagutse kuko bwiganisha cyane indwara isanzwe.

Urukingo rukunze kurinda ku bwoko bune butandukanye bwa gripe abahanga bavuga ko buzaba busanzwe cyane mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya gripe kigiye kuza. Izo nteganyanyigisho zivugururwa buri mwaka, bityo uzakenera urukingo rushya buri gihe cy'icyorezo cya gripe kugira ngo ukomeze kurindwa.

Urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe ikoreshwa mu mazuru rukoreshwa mu iki?

Urukingo rwo mu mazuru rwa gripe rubuza gripe y'igihembwe mu bantu bazima bafite imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 49. Rugamije kukurinda kurwara gripe cyangwa kugabanya ubukana bw'ibimenyetso uramutse urwaye. Urukingo rukora neza iyo virusi ya gripe mu baturage ihuye n'ubwoko burimo mu rukingo rwo muri uwo mwaka.

Abaganga bakunda gushishikariza uru rukingo abantu batinya inshinge cyangwa bagiye bagira ibibazo byinshi byatewe n'inkingo. Binakwiriye ku babyeyi bafite abana bato bashobora kugira impungenge z'inkingo. Urukingo rwo mu mazuru rushobora koroshya inkingo za gripe ku muryango wose.

Urukingo rufitiye akamaro kanini mu muryango nk'amashuri, aho uburyo bwo mu mazuru butuma byoroha gukingira abantu benshi vuba. Abantu bamwe kandi barubona kuko bemera ko inzira yo mu mazuru itanga ubudahangarwa bwa kamere.

Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe Rutwara Rute mu Nzira y'Amazuru?

Urukingo rwa gripe rwo mu mazuru rukora rutera virusi ya gripe yacitse intege mu mazuru no mu muhogo wawe, aho indwara ya gripe isanzwe itangirira. Izi virusi zacitse intege zigwira mu gihe gito mu bushyuhe bukonje bw'inzira yawe yo mu mazuru ariko ntizishobora kubaho mu bushyuhe bushyushye bw'ibihaha byawe n'inzira yo mu myuka yo hasi.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara bwawe bumenya izi virusi zacitse intege nk'abashyitsi kandi bukarema imbaraga zo kuzirwanya. Ubu buryo kandi butuma imitsi yo kwirinda indwara yitwa T-cells ikora, yibuka uburyo bwo kurwanya virusi ya gripe mu gihe kizaza. Inzira yo mu mazuru ishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bwaho mu mazuru no mu muhogo, hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wose.

Ubu burinzi bubiri busobanura ko umubiri wawe witeguye kurwanya virusi ya gripe haba aho yinjirira no mu mubiri wawe wose. Urukingo rufatwa nk'urukomeye ruciriritse, rutanga uburinzi bwiza iyo ubwoko bw'urukingo buhuye neza na virusi ya gripe izunguruka.

Nkwiriye Gufata Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe Rutwara Rute mu Nzira y'Amazuru?

Uzakira urukingo rwa gripe mu mazuru nk'umuti utera mu mazuru, utangwa n'umuganga mu zuru rimwe. Iki gikorwa gifata amasegonda make kandi ntigisaba gutegura byihariye. Ntabwo bisaba kurya cyangwa kwirinda kurya mbere yo guhabwa urukingo, kandi urashobora kurufata hamwe cyangwa utarufatanye n'indi miti mu bihe byinshi.

Mugihe cyo gutanga urukingo, uzicara wicaye neza mugihe umuganga ashyira agafuka gato mu zuru rimwe. Urashobora kumva umwuka muto, woroshye mugihe amazi yinjira mu zuru rwawe, ariko ntigomba kubabaza. Abantu bamwe baragira amazuru yiruka cyangwa gufungana mu mazuru ako kanya nyuma, ibyo bisanzwe.

Nta kintu na kimwe ugomba gukora nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo. Urashobora kurya, kunywa, no gukomeza ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe ako kanya. Urukingo rutangira gukora ako kanya, ariko bifata ibyumweru bibiri kugirango wubake uburinzi bwuzuye kuri gripe.

Nzagenda Ndege Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe Uburyo bwo Mu Mazuru?

Ukeneye urukingo rumwe gusa rwa gripe mu mazuru buri gihembwe cya gripe kugirango urindwe neza. Bitandukanye n'izindi nkingo zimwe zisaba doze nyinshi, uru rukingo rumwe rwa buri mwaka rurahagije kubantu benshi. Ariko igihe ni ingenzi - ugomba gukingirwa bitarenze Ukwakira niba bishoboka, kuko igihembwe cya gripe gikunze gutera hagati ya Ukuboza na Gashyantare.

Abana bafite imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 8 batarigeze bahabwa urukingo rwa gripe mbere bashobora gukenera doze ebyiri zitangwa nibura mu byumweru bine mugihe cyabo cya mbere cya gripe. Nyuma y'uwo mwaka wa mbere, bazakenera doze imwe gusa buri mwaka nk'abandi bose.

Uburinzi buturuka ku rukingo rwa buri mwaka bumara igihembwe cyose cya gripe, gitangira kuva muri Ukwakira kugeza muri Gicurasi. Uzakenera urukingo rushya buri mwaka kuko virusi ya gripe ihinduka buri gihe, kandi ubudahangarwa bwawe buturuka ku nkingo zabanjirije bugenda bugabanuka uko igihe gihita.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara byo Ku Rukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe Uburyo bwo Mu Mazuru?

Abantu benshi bagira ingaruka nto zituruka ku rukingo rwa gripe rutangwa mu mazuru, niba hari n'izo bagira. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara bibera ahantu urukingo rwatangiwe - mu mazuru no mu muhogo. Izi ngaruka zikunze kuba igisubizo gisanzwe cy'umubiri wawe wo kubaka ubudahangarwa kandi akenshi zikemuka mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ushobora kubona zirimo:

• Amazuru aviruka cyangwa yazibye bimara iminsi 1-2
• Umuhogo woroheje cyangwa kuribwa mu muhogo
• Umutwe woroheje uza ukagenda
• Urubavu ruto, cyane cyane ku bana bato
• Uburibwe bworoheje bw'imitsi bumeze nkaho urimo kurwara ibicurane
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri
• Kugira umunaniro rusange cyangwa kumva umeze nabi gato

Izi ngaruka ni ibimenyetso byiza ko umubiri wawe usubiza urukingo kandi ukubaka ubwirinzi. Ziroroshye cyane kurusha ibimenyetso bya gripe nyayo kandi ntizagombye kubangamira cyane ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Ingaruka zitagaragara cyane ariko zigaragara cyane zirashobora kubaho rimwe na rimwe, nubwo zikiri zoroshye muri rusange:

• Kuvuza cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite asima
• Isesemi cyangwa kubabara munda byoroheje
• Umuzungero cyangwa kumva ureremba
• Urugo rwo ku ruhu cyangwa imyatsi
• Imitsi yabyimbye mu ijosi ryawe

Niba wumva uvuzisha cyangwa ufite ibibazo byo guhumeka, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba, kuko ibi bishobora kwerekana ko urukingo rutagukwiriye.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane ariko zisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Izi zirimo ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku bintu bitandukanye bigoranye guhumeka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, cyangwa umuriro mwinshi urenze 101°F udasubiza imiti igabanya umuriro. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, shakisha ubuvuzi bwihutirwa ako kanya.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Urukingo rwa Virus ya Gripe Rutangwa mu Mazuru?

Urukingo rwa gripu rutemwa mu mazuru ntirukwiriye kuri buri wese, nubwo rusanzwe rumeze neza ku bantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza. Indwara zimwe na zimwe, ibyiciro by'imyaka, n'ibintu bishobora gutuma urukingo rusanzwe rwa gripu ari rwo rwiza. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya urukingo rukwiriye kuri wowe.

Ntabwo ukwiriye guhabwa urukingo rwa gripu rutemwa mu mazuru niba uri mu cyiciro kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

\n
• Umuntu wese uri munsi y'imyaka 2 cyangwa uri hejuru y'imyaka 49
\n
• Abagore batwite (urukingo ruterwa ni rwiza mu gihe cyo gutwita)
\n
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza kubera indwara cyangwa imiti
\n
• Umuntu wese ufite asima ikomeye cyangwa guhumeka cyane
\n
• Abantu bafite indwara zidakira z'umutima, ibihaha, impyiko, cyangwa umwijima
\n
• Umuntu wese ufite diyabete cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano n'imikorere y'umubiri
\n
• Abantu bafata aspirine cyangwa imiti irimo aspirine
\n
• Umuntu wese ufite amateka ya syndrome ya Guillain-Barré
\n

Izi mbogamizi zibaho kuko urukingo rutemwa mu mazuru rukubiyemo virusi nzima zishobora gutera ibibazo ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira. Urukingo rwa gripu ruterwa, rukubiyemo virusi yapfuye, ni rwo rwiza kuri ibi byiciro.

Ugomba kandi kwirinda urukingo rutemwa mu mazuru niba ufite allergie ikomeye ku matungo, gelatine, cyangwa ibintu byose bigize urukingo. Abantu bitaho abarwayi bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza bagomba kandi guhitamo urukingo ruterwa aho, kuko hari amahirwe make yo kwanduza virusi y'urukingo abarwayi bafite ibibazo.

Izina ry'urukingo rwa virusi ya gripu rutemwa mu mazuru

Urukingo rwa gripu rutemwa mu mazuru rukunze kuboneka ku izina rya FluMist Quadrivalent. Uru ni rwo rukingo rwa mbere rwa gripu rutemwa mu mazuru rukoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika no mu bindi bihugu byinshi. Igice cy'izina

FluMist imaze imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa kandi ifite amateka meza y'umutekano. Urukingo rukorwa na MedImmune, ubu ruri muri AstraZeneca. Abaganga bamwe bashobora kurwita gusa "urukingo rw'ibicurane rwo mu mazuru" cyangwa "umuti w'ibicurane wo mu mazuru" aho gukoresha izina ry'ubwoko.

Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ushobora guhura n'andi mazina y'ubwoko bw'inkingo zisa z'ibicurane byo mu mazuru, ariko FluMist Quadrivalent iracyari yo ikoreshwa cyane kandi izwi ku isi hose.

Izindi nkingo z'ibicurane zikoreshwa mu mazuru

Niba urukingo rw'ibicurane rwo mu mazuru rudakwiriye kuri wowe, hari izindi nkingo zikora neza zihari. Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa ni urukingo rusanzwe rw'ibicurane, rutangwa nk'urushinge mu kaboko kawe ka hejuru. Urukingo rukubiyemo virusi z'ibicurane zishwe kandi rufite umutekano kuri hafi ya bose, harimo n'abagore batwite n'abantu bafite indwara zidakira.

Urukingo rw'ibicurane ruterwa ruzana mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe. Inkingo zisanzwe zikora neza ku bantu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza, mugihe hariho ubwoko bwa doze nini ku bantu bafite imyaka 65 n'abarenzeho kugirango batange umutekano ukomeye. Hariho kandi inkingo zishingiye ku ngirangingo n'inkingo zongera gukorwa ku bantu bafite allergie zikomeye ku magi.

Abantu bamwe bakunda uburyo bwo guterwa urukingo hakoreshejwe imashini, itanga urukingo mu ruhu hatarimo urushinge rusanzwe. Ubu buryo ntibukoreshwa cyane ariko bushobora gutangwa mu mavuriro amwe n'amwe cyangwa mu gihe cyo gukingira abantu benshi.

Ku bantu badashobora guhabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane kubera allergie zikomeye cyangwa izindi mpamvu zituma batarubona, gukumira bishingiye ku myifatire myiza y'isuku, kwirinda amateraniro mu gihe cy'ibicurane, no gufata imiti irwanya virusi niba wahuye n'ibicurane.

Ese urukingo rw'ibicurane rwo mu mazuru ruruta urukingo rw'ibicurane ruterwa?

Inkingi zombi za inkingo ya gripe zifite uburyo bwo kurinda neza, ariko buri imwe ifite inyungu bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Inkingo yo mu mazuru irashobora koroha kandi ntigire umunabi, cyane cyane ku bantu batishimira inshinge cyangwa bafite abana batinya guterwa inkingo. Ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko inkingo yo mu mazuru ishobora gutanga ubudahangarwa bwagutse kuko itera imikorere y'ubudahangarwa mu mazuru yawe no mu muhogo aho indwara ya gripe itangirira.

Ariko, inkingo iterwa mu nshinge akenshi irashobora kumenyekana neza mu gukora kwayo kandi irashobora gukoreshwa na hafi ya buri wese hatitawe ku myaka cyangwa uko ubuzima bumeze. Ntabwo kandi ifite akaga gato ko kwanduza virusi y'inkingo ku bandi, ibyo bibaho ku nkingo yo mu mazuru.

Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba aha bwerekana ko inkingo zombi zitanga urwego rumwe rwo kurinda iyo imiterere y'inkingo ihuye neza na virusi ya gripe ikwirakwira. Inkingo iterwa mu nshinge imaze igihe kirekire ikora neza, mu gihe imikorere y'inkingo yo mu mazuru yagiye ihindagurika cyane kuva mu gihembwe kimwe kugeza ku kindi.

Icyemezo cyiza giterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwite bumeze, imyaka, uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, n'ibyo ukunda. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha guhitamo uburyo buzakora neza kuri wowe n'umuryango wawe.

Ibikunze Kubazwa ku Nkingo ya Virus ya Gripe yo Mu Mazuru

Q1. Ese Inkingo ya Virus ya Gripe yo Mu Mazuru iratekanye ku bantu barwaye asima?

Inkingo ya gripe yo mu mazuru muri rusange ntisabwa ku bantu barwaye asima, cyane cyane abafite asima ikomeye cyangwa guhumeka cyane. Virus zizima ziri muri iyo nkingo zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bya asima cyangwa ingorane zo guhumeka ku bantu bafite ubwenge. N'abantu bafite asima yoroheje, igenzurwa neza bagomba kuganira ku byago n'inyungu n'umuganga wabo mbere yo guhitamo inkingo yo mu mazuru.

Niba ufite asima, urukingo rwa gripe rutera mu nshinge ni rwo rukunze kuba rwiza. Rutanga uburinzi bwiza cyane hatariho ibyago byo gutera ibimenyetso byo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya urukingo rukwiriye cyane bitewe n'uko asima yawe ikomeye kandi uko ifashwe neza.

Q2. Nakora iki niba mbonye urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe rwinshi rutera mu mazuru ku buryo butunguranye?

Biragoye cyane ko wakwemererwa urukingo rwa gripe rwinshi rutera mu mazuru ku buryo butunguranye kuko rutangwa n'abavuzi bafite ubumenyi mu buryo bucungwa. Urukingo ruzana mu bipimo byapimwe mbere, kandi abavuzi b'ubuzima bigishwa gutanga neza urugero rukwiye. Niba ufite impungenge zo kwakira urugero rwinshi, vugana n'umuvuzi wawe, ariko ibibazo bikomeye biturutse ku kirenze urugero rw'urukingo ni bike cyane.

Niba waba warabonye urugero rwa kabiri rw'urukingo rutera mu mazuru hafi y'urwa mbere, ushobora guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye gato nk'ubuhumekero bwinshi mu mazuru cyangwa ibimenyetso byoroheje nk'ibya gripe. Izi ngaruka zigomba kuba zoroshye kandi zigakira mu minsi mike. Genzura ibimenyetso byawe uvugane n'umuvuzi wawe niba ugize ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa bihoraho.

Q3. Nakora iki niba nciwe urugero rwanjye rwatanzwe rw'urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe rutera mu mazuru?

Niba ucikanwe n'igihe cyagenwe cyo gukingirwa gripe, ongera uteganye vuba bishoboka. Inkingo za gripe ziboneka mu gihe cyose cy'icyorezo cya gripe, gikunze gutangira mu Kwakira kugeza muri Gicurasi. Nubwo ari byiza gukingirwa mbere y'Ukwakira, gukingirwa nyuma mu gihe cy'icyorezo biracyatanga uburinzi bw'agaciro.

Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira bundi bushya cyangwa kubona urugero rwinshi niba utinze - ongera urugero rumwe igihe ushoboye. Urukingo rutwara ibyumweru bibiri kugirango rwubake uburinzi bwuzuye, rero n'iyo waba wikingije mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya gripe, uracyungukira ku burinzi rutanga.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata urukingo rwa virusi ya gripe rutera mu mazuru?

Ugomba gukomeza guhabwa inkingo za buri mwaka z’ibicurane mu buzima bwawe bwose kugira ngo urusheho kwirinda. Virusi z’ibicurane zihinduka buri gihe, kandi ubudahangarwa bwawe buva ku nkingo zabanje bugenda bugabanuka uko imyaka yicuma. Ibi bivuze ko ukeneye urukingo rushya buri mwaka kugira ngo urusheho kwirinda neza imikorere y’ibicurane biteganyijwe kuzenguruka.

Ariko, ushobora gukenera guhindura urukingo rwo mu mazuru ukajya mu rukingo rw’urushinge uko ugenda usaza. Urukingo rwo mu mazuru rwemerewe gukoreshwa gusa ku bantu bafite imyaka 2-49, bityo uzakenera gukoresha urukingo rw’urushinge umaze kugira imyaka 50. Umuganga wawe azagufasha muri iyi mpinduka igihe bizaba bigeze.

Q5. Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rw’ibicurane rwo mu mazuru niba ndimo gufata imiti yica mikorobe?

Gufata imiti yica mikorobe ntibibuza guhabwa urukingo rw’ibicurane rwo mu mazuru, ariko ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa imiti yica mikorobe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo urukingo rukora neza. Imiyoboro ikora ku virusi (nk'imiti imwe na mikorobe) ishobora kubangamira virusi zizima ziri mu rukingo rwo mu mazuru. Imiti yica mikorobe isanzwe ikoreshwa ntigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'urukingo.

Menyesha umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo n'imiti yica mikorobe, igihe uhabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane. Bashobora kugusaba gutegereza kugeza urangije gufata imiti yica mikorobe cyangwa niba byemewe gukomeza gukingirwa. Mu bihe byinshi, urashobora guhabwa urukingo mugihe ufata imiti yica mikorobe isanzwe nta kibazo.