Ni iki cyitwa Insulin ya NPH: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwayo, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Insulin ya NPH ni ubwoko bwa insulin bukora igihe kirekire bufasha abantu barwaye diyabete kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yabo umunsi wose. Yitwa "ikora hagati" kuko ikora mu isaha zigera kuri 12-18, itanga uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura urugero rwa glucose hagati y'amafunguro no mu ijoro.

Ubu bwoko bwa insulin bwahawe izina rya Neutral Protamine Hagedorn, nyuma y'umuhanga wayikoze. Igice cyitwa "isophane" kivuga uburyo iyi insulin ikorwa hamwe na protamine kugira ngo itinde gukorwa mu mubiri wawe.

Insulin ya NPH ikoreshwa mu iki?

Insulin ya NPH ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 iyo umubiri wawe ukeneye ubufasha bwo kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Ikora nka insulin isanzwe ikora nk'uko pancreas yawe yari isanzwe ikora umunsi wose.

Abantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 bishingikiriza kuri insulin ya NPH kuko imibiri yabo idashobora gukora insulin na gato. Ku barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, insulin ya NPH iba ngombwa iyo imiti yindi nka pilule itagihagije kugira ngo isukari mu maraso igume mu rugero rwiza.

Muganga wawe ashobora no kugusaba insulin ya NPH niba urwaye diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ibi bibaho iyo imisemburo yo gutwita ituma umubiri wawe utabasha gukoresha insulin neza.

Insulin ya NPH ikora ite?

Insulin ya NPH ikora ifasha selile zawe gukurura glucose mu maraso yawe, nk'uko insulin isanzwe ikora. Ifatwa nk'insulin ikomeye itanga uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso aho gukoresha ibisubizo byihuse.

Protamine iri muri insulin ya NPH ikora nk'uburyo bwo kurekura umuti mu gihe runaka. Iyo uyitewe munsi y'uruhu rwawe, protamine itonda gushonga, ikarekura insulin buhoro buhoro mu maraso yawe mu masaha 12-18.

Uku gusohoka buhoro bituma insuline ya NPH ikora neza cyane mu gukumira isukari yiyongera hagati y'amafunguro no mu gihe cy'ibitotsi. Muri rusange itangira gukora mu isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri, ikagera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu masaha 4-6, ikomeza gukora mu gihe kingana n'amasaha 18.

Nkwiriye Gufata Insuline ya NPH Nte?

Insuline ya NPH itangwa mu nshinge munsi y'uruhu, akenshi mu itako, ukuboko, cyangwa mu nda. Muganga wawe azakwigisha uburyo bukwiye bwo guterwa inshinge kandi agufashe guhitamo ahantu heza ho guterwa inshinge.

Ubusanzwe uzajya ufata insuline ya NPH rimwe cyangwa kabiri ku munsi, akenshi mbere ya saa sita na nimugoroba. Abantu bamwe bayikeneye gusa mbere yo kuryama kugira ngo bagenzure urugero rw'isukari mu maraso nijoro.

Dore intambwe z'ingenzi zigomba gukurikizwa iyo ufata insuline ya NPH:

• Zunguriza buhoro uruvange rw'insuline hagati y'ibiganza byawe kugira ngo uvangavange insuline - ntuzajye uyihinda cyane
• Sukuza ahantu ho guterwa inshinge ukoresheje agapira karimo alukolo
• Hinduranya ahantu ho guterwa inshinge kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo by'uruhu
• Bika amacupa atarakingurwa muri firigo
• Bika uruvange rw'insuline ukoresha muri iki gihe ku bushyuhe busanzwe

Bitandukanye n'imiti imwe n'imwe, insuline ya NPH ntigomba gufatwa hamwe n'ibiryo, ariko kuyifata ku gihe hamwe n'amafunguro bishobora gufasha kwirinda isukari igabanuka cyane mu maraso. Umuganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku gihe ufata amafunguro.

Nkwiriye Gufata Insuline ya NPH Igihe Kingana Gite?

Abantu benshi barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 bazakeneye insuline ya NPH ubuzima bwabo bwose, kuko imibiri yabo idashobora gukora insuline mu buryo busanzwe. Igihe bizamara biterwa rwose n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'uburyo umubiri wawe witwara ku miti.

Ku bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, ushobora gukenera insuline ya NPH igihe kirekire cyangwa by'agateganyo, bitewe n'ibintu nk'uburyo urugero rw'isukari ruri mu maraso yawe rugenzurwa, imiti yindi ufata, n'imikorere y'ubuzima bwawe. Abantu bamwe bashobora gushobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika insuline niba bakoze impinduka zigaragara ku mirire yabo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Muganga wawe azajya akurikirana urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe, agahindura gahunda yo kuvurwa uko bikwiye. Ntukigere uhagarika gufata insuline ya NPH utabanje kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe, kuko ibyo bishobora gutera isukari y'amaraso kuzamuka cyane.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Byatewe na Insuline ya NPH?

Ikigaragara cyane cyane giterwa na insuline ya NPH ni isukari nke mu maraso (hypoglycemia), bishobora kubaho iyo ufata insuline nyinshi, ukarenga kurya, cyangwa ugakora imyitozo kurusha uko bisanzwe. Ibimenyetso birimo umunaniro, ibyuya, urujijo, n'inzara.

Reka turebe ibikorwa bigaragara bishobora kukubaho, dutangiriye ku byo dusanga kenshi:

• Ibihe byo kugira isukari nke mu maraso bifite ibimenyetso nk'izunguruka ry'umutwe, umutima utera cyane, cyangwa umujinya
• Ibyo ahaterwa urushinge, nk'ubutukura, kubyimba, cyangwa kubabara gake
• Kongera ibiro kuko umubiri wawe utangira gukoresha isukari neza
• Impinduka z'uruhu ahaterwa urushinge niba utahindura ahantu batera urushinge

Ibyo bitagaragara cyane ariko bikomeye birimo isukari nke mu maraso ikomeye isaba kuvurwa byihutirwa, n'uburwayi bwo kwanga imiti butagaragara cyane bufite ibimenyetso nk'ingorane zo guhumeka, kubyimba, cyangwa ibibara byose ku mubiri.

Abantu benshi bafata insuline ya NPH neza, kandi ibikorwa bigaragara bikunda kuvaho uko umubiri wawe umenyera umuti. Buri gihe ujye ugira imiti yihutisha isukari cyangwa umutobe hafi yawe kugira ngo uvure isukari nke mu maraso vuba.

Ni Bande Batagomba Gufata Insuline ya NPH?

Abantu bake cyane ntibashobora gufata insuline ya NPH, ariko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisaba kwitonda cyane cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye. Abantu bafite ibihe bikomeye, bikunze kubaho byo kugira isukari nke mu maraso bashobora gukenera gahunda yo gufata insuline itandukanye.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza niba insuline ya NPH ikwiriye kuri wowe niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe:

• Indwara y'impyiko, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ukoresha insuline
• Ibibazo by'umwijima bishobora guhindura ibyo ukeneye bya insuline
• Indwara z'umutima zishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'igihe isukari yo mu maraso iba hasi cyane
• Amateka y'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa na insuline cyangwa ibiyigize
• Indwara zo kurya zituma igihe cyo kurya kitamenyeka

Kugira inda no konsa ntibibuza gukoresha insuline ya NPH, ariko muganga wawe ashobora guhindura urugero rwawe. Abana barashobora gukoresha insuline ya NPH mu buryo bwizewe, nubwo bashobora gukenera ibindi bice cyangwa gahunda yo kuyikoresha.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa insuline ya NPH

Insuline ya NPH iboneka mu mazina menshi y'ubwoko, aho Humulin N na Novolin N ari zo zikoreshwa cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Zombi zikubiyemo ikintu kimwe gikora ariko zishobora gutandukana gato mu bice bitagira akamaro.

Humulin N ikorwa na Eli Lilly, naho Novolin N ikorwa na Novo Nordisk. Farumasi yawe ishobora kugira ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bwombi, kandi muri rusange birashobora gusimburana n'ubufasha bwa muganga wawe.

Inshuti zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukunda ubwoko bumwe kuruta ubundi, bityo birakwiye kumenyesha umuntu wawe w'ubwishingizi ku bijyanye n'ubwishingizi. Ubwoko bwombi buboneka mu mpapuro n'amakaramu yuzuye mbere yo guterwa inshinge kugirango byoroshye guterwa inshinge.

Izindi nzira zishobora gusimbura insuline ya NPH

Izindi nsuline nyinshi zikora hagati na hagati ndetse n'izikora igihe kirekire zishobora gukora nk'izisimbura insuline ya NPH, bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye. Insuline glargine (Lantus) na insuline detemir (Levemir) ni uburyo bukora igihe kirekire butanga amasaha 24 yo kwivuza.

Ubu buryo bushya bushobora gutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso bishoboka hamwe n'akaga gake ko kugira isukari yo mu maraso hasi nijoro. Ariko, muri rusange bihenze kuruta insuline ya NPH.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutekereza ku nsuline zivanga zivanga NPH na insuline ikora vuba mu nshinge imwe. Ibi birimo insuline 70/30 (70% NPH, 30% isanzwe) cyangwa ibindi bice bimeze bityo bishobora koroshya gahunda yawe yo kuyikoresha.

Ese Insulin ya NPH iruta Insulin Glargine?

Insulin ya NPH na insulin glargine (Lantus) zombi zitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso igihe kirekire, ariko zikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi zifite inyungu zihariye. Nta na imwe iruta izindi muri rusange - guhitamo biterwa n'imibereho yawe, uko isukari yo mu maraso yawe imeze, n'intego z'ubuvuzi bwawe.

Insulin ya NPH ihendutse cyane kurusha insulin glargine kandi imaze imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe. Ikora neza ku bantu benshi kandi itanga uburyo bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso igihe ikoreshwa buri gihe.

Insulin glargine itanga uburyo bwo kwinjizwa mu mubiri buteganywa kandi imara hafi amasaha 24, bishobora kuvuga ko isukari yo mu maraso itajegajega cyane. Ifite kandi ibyago bike byo gutera ibibazo byo kugabanuka k'isukari mu maraso nijoro.

Muganga wawe azagufasha gupima ibintu nk'ikiguzi, korohereza, n'uburyo isukari yo mu maraso yawe igenda kugira ngo umenye insulin ikora neza ku miterere yawe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Insulin ya NPH

Ese Insulin ya NPH irakwiriye indwara y'impyiko?

Insulin ya NPH irashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe ku bantu bafite indwara y'impyiko, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa neza no guhindura urugero rw'imiti. Impyiko zawe zigufasha gusenya insulin, bityo ibibazo by'impyiko bishobora gutuma insulin iguma mu mubiri wawe igihe kirekire.

Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gukenera urugero ruto rwa insulin ya NPH niba ufite indwara y'impyiko. Muganga wawe azakurikirana imikorere y'impyiko zawe n'urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso yawe kugira ngo yirinde ibibazo byo kugabanuka k'isukari mu maraso.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nifashishije insulin ya NPH nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba witereye insulin ya NPH nyinshi mu buryo butunganye, ntugahagarike umutima, ariko fata ingamba ako kanya kugira ngo wirinde kugabanuka gukabije k'isukari mu maraso. Rya cyangwa unywe ikintu kirimo karubohidrate ikora vuba nka tableti za glucose, umutobe w'imbuto, cyangwa soda isanzwe.

Kurikirana isukari yo mu maraso yawe neza mu masaha 12-18 akurikira kuko insulin ya NPH ikora igihe kirekire. Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa umuganga wita ku buzima kugira ngo muganire ku guhindura urugero rwawe rukurikira kandi ubashe kubona ubuyobozi ku bijyanye no gucunga icyo kibazo.

Shaka ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga niba wumva ibimenyetso bikomeye nk'urujijo, gutakaza ubwenge, cyangwa gufatwa n'ibihuhura. Gira ibikoresho byihutirwa bya glucagon niba muganga wawe abikugiriye inama.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa insuline ya NPH?

Niba wibagiwe urugero rwa insuline ya NPH, uyifate uko wibuka vuba, keretse igihe cyo gufata urugero rukurikira rwegereje. Ntukigere ufata urugero rurenze rumwe kugira ngo wuzuze urugero wibagiwe.

Genzura isukari yo mu maraso yawe kenshi nyuma yo kwibagirwa urugero, kuko urwego rwawe rushobora kuba ruri hejuru y'ibisanzwe. Ushobora gukenera guhindura igihe cyo kurya cyangwa kuvugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo akuyobore.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa urugero, tekereza gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti kugira ngo ukwibutse. Igihe gihamye ni ingenzi kugira ngo insuline ya NPH ikore neza.

Nshobora kureka gufata insuline ya NPH ryari?

Abantu bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 basanzwe bakeneye insuline mu buzima bwabo bwose kuko imibiri yabo itabasha kuyikora mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, abafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bashobora kuzagabanya cyangwa bakareka insuline niba kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso yabo bigenda neza cyane.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma niba ushobora kureka insuline ya NPH ashingiye ku rwego rwawe rw'isukari yo mu maraso, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'indi miti ya diyabete. Iyi myanzuro ntigomba na rimwe gufatwa hatabayeho ubugenzuzi bw'abaganga.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugabanya ibyo bakeneye insuline binyuze mu gutakaza ibiro, kurya neza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, cyangwa indi miti ya diyabete. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakorana nawe kugira ngo ribone gahunda nziza yo kuvura igihe kirekire.

Nshobora kuvanga insuline ya NPH n'izindi nsuline?

Insuline ya NPH irashobora kuvangwa na insuline isanzwe muri sirinji imwe, ariko ntigomba kuvangwa na insuline ikora vuba nka insuline lispro cyangwa aspart. Buri gihe ukurikize amabwiriza yihariye ya muganga wawe yerekeye kuvanga insuline.

Mugihe uvanga insuline, banza ukuremo insuline isanzwe, hanyuma ukuremo insuline ya NPH ifite urubura. Ibi birinda kwandura kandi bituma urugero rw'ubwoko bwombi rukora neza.

Imiti ivanze ya insuline iraboneka niba muganga wawe yemeza ko ukeneye zombi NPH na insuline isanzwe. Izi ziragufasha kutavanga kandi zishobora koroshya uburyo bwawe bwo kwisiramuza.