Isoniazid ni iki: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Isoniazid ni umuti wica mikorobe wagenewe kuvura igituntu (TB), indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri ikunda gufata ibihaha. Uyu muti ukora uhagarika imikurire ya bagiteri ya TB mu mubiri wawe, ugashobozwa n'ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya iyo ndwara neza.

Ushobora kwandikirwa isoniazid niba urwaye igituntu cyangwa waba warahuye n'igituntu ukaba ukeneye kuvurwa mbere y'uko kirwara. Ni umwe mu miti y'ingenzi abaganga bakoresha mu kurwanya iyi ndwara ishobora guteza akaga, kandi imaze imyaka myinshi ifasha abantu koroherwa n'igituntu.

Isoniazid ni iki?

Isoniazid ni umuti ukomeye wica mikorobe wo mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa imiti irwanya igituntu. Wibanda cyane ku bagiteri itera igituntu, yitwa Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Uyu muti uboneka mu buryo bubiri bukuru: ibinini cyangwa amavuta ufata unywa, n'urukingo abaganga bashobora kuguha binyuze mu nshinge mu mutsi. Uburyo bwo kunywa ni bwo busanzwe bukoreshwa kandi ni bwo abantu benshi bakoresha mu kuvurwa igituntu.

Isoniazid imazeho kuva mu myaka ya za 1950 kandi ikaba ikiri imwe mu ntwaro zikomeye dufite zo kurwanya igituntu. Ishimwa nk'umuti w'ingenzi n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku buzima kubera uburyo bwagaragaje neza mu kuvura iyi ndwara ikomeye.

Isoniazid ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Isoniazid ivura indwara y'igituntu ikomeye kandi ifasha gukumira igituntu ku bantu bahuye na bagiteri. Muganga wawe azagena uburyo bwo kuvurwa ukeneye bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Ku ndwara y'igituntu ikomeye, isoniazid ikoreshwa hamwe n'indi miti irwanya igituntu mu buryo abaganga bita kuvura guhuza imiti. Ubu buryo bufasha kwemeza ko bagiteri itarwanya imiti kandi ikaguha amahirwe menshi yo gukira burundu.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa kandi mu kurwanya indwara ya TB yihishe, bivuze ko ufite mikorobe ya TB mu mubiri wawe ariko utararwara. Muri iki gihe, isoniazid ifasha gukumira mikorobe kugira ngo zitangire gukora zikugize umurwayi. Ubu buvuzi bwo gukumira ni ingenzi cyane niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara TB kubera indwara nka SIDA cyangwa diyabete.

Isoniazid ikora ite?

Isoniazid ikora ibuza mikorobe ya TB kubaka no gukomeza urukuta rwazo rw'uturemangingo. Hatabayeho urukuta rw'uturemangingo rukwiye, mikorobe ntizishobora kubaho no kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe.

Bitekereze nk'ukuvana urufatiro ku nzu - hatabayeho iyi nkingi y'ingenzi, mikorobe ntizishobora kubaho. Ubu buryo bwihariye butuma isoniazid ikora neza cyane ku mikorobe ya TB mugihe muri rusange igirira neza uturemangingo twawe twuzuye ubuzima.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ukomeye ku rugero ruciriritse, bivuze ko ufite imbaraga zihagije zo kurwanya TB neza ariko akenshi utera ingaruka nke zikomeye kurusha izindi antibiyotike zimwe. Ariko, bisaba gukurikiranwa neza na muganga wawe kugirango yemeze ko ikora neza kandi itateza ibibazo.

Nkwiriye gufata Isoniazid nte?

Fata isoniazid nk'uko muganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi rimwe ku munsi ku gifu kitarimo ibiryo. Ibi bivuze kuyifata isaha imwe mbere yo kurya cyangwa amasaha abiri nyuma yo kurya, kuko ibiryo bishobora kubuza umubiri wawe kuyinjiza neza.

Niba wumva umubiri wawe utameze neza, muganga wawe ashobora kukwemerera kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo, ariko ibi bikwiriye gukorwa gusa mu buyobozi bwe. Uhora umira ibinini cyangwa amavuta yose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye amazi - ntukavunagure, uvunike, cyangwa uyahane keretse niba byategetswe byihariye.

Kubona ibisubizo byiza, gerageza gufata imiti yawe ku isaha imwe buri munsi. Ibi bifasha kugumana urugero rwawo ruri hejuru mu mubiri wawe kandi bikorohera kwibuka urugero rwawe rwa buri munsi. Niba uhabwa inshinge, umuganga uzazikora hakurikije gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa.

Nzamara igihe kingana iki mfata Isoniazid?

Igihe uvurwa na isoniazid giterwa niba uvura TB ikora cyangwa uyirinda gukura. Kubera TB ikora, mubisanzwe uzajya ufata isoniazid mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu kugeza ku icyenda nk'igice cy'uburyo bwo kuvura buhuriweho.

Niba ufata isoniazid kugirango wirinde TB (ubuvuzi bwa TB yihishe), mubisanzwe uzayikeneye mu gihe cy'amezi icyenda. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera amasomo magufi y'amezi atandatu, bitewe n'ibintu byabo byihariye by'ubuzima n'amateka y'ubuvuzi.

Ni ngombwa rwose ko urangiza amasomo yose yo kuvurwa, kabone niyo watangira kumva umeze neza mbere yuko arangira. Guhagarika kare bishobora gutuma bagiteri irwanya imiti, bigatuma kuvurwa mu gihe kizaza bigorana cyane kandi bishobora guteza akaga.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Isoniazid?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, isoniazid ishobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo atari buri wese uzazibona. Ingaruka nyinshi ni nto kandi zirashobora gucungwa, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Kuruka cyangwa kurwara inda
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Uruhu ruto
• Umuzungero
• Umutwe

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi biragenda uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza imiti. Ariko, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba bibaye bibi cyangwa ntibigende nyuma y'ibyumweru bike.

Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi:

• Uko umubiri wawe cyangwa amaso yawe byahindura ibara rikaba umuhondo (jaundice)
• Urujya rw'inkari rwijimye cyangwa imyanda y'amara yera
• Urubabare rukaze mu nda
• Kuruka bidahagarara
• Ubumuga cyangwa kumva urugero mu ntoki cyangwa mu birenge
• Impinduka mu mboni
• Uruhu rurimo ibibazo bikomeye

Ibi bibazo bikomeye biterwa n'imiti ntibisanzwe ariko bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa kwangirika kw'imitsi. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, reka gufata umuti kandi wahamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya.

Ikintu kimwe gishobora kubaho ariko gikomeye cyane ni indwara ya hepatite iterwa n'imiti, ikaba igira ingaruka ku mwijima. Ibi bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 1-2% bafata isoniazid kandi bishobora kubaho cyane ku bantu barengeje imyaka 35, abanywa inzoga buri gihe, cyangwa abantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima.

Ninde utagomba gufata Isoniazid?

Isoniazid ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe mbere yo kuyandika. Ntugomba gufata uyu muti niba ufite allergie izwi kuri isoniazid cyangwa wigeze kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima.

Abantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima ikora cyangwa bafite imyunyu y'umwijima yazamutse cyane bakwiye kwirinda isoniazid, kuko bishobora gutuma ibibazo by'umwijima birushaho kuba bibi. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango arebe imikorere y'umwijima wawe mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa.

Ubwitange bwihariye bukenewe niba ufite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti:

• Indwara y'impyiko
• Diyabete
• Amateka yo gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo
• Neuropathie ya peripherique (kwangirika kw'imitsi)
• Gukoresha inzoga buri gihe
• Kubura intungamubiri
• Ubukana bwa SIDA

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bibazo, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika isoniazid ariko azagukurikiranira hafi kandi ashobora guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa. Ashobora kandi gushimangira imiti ya vitamine B6 kugirango ifashe kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa n'imitsi.

Abagore batwite n'abonsa mubisanzwe bashobora gufata isoniazid mu buryo bwizewe, kuko ifatwa nk'imwe mu miti ya TB yizewe cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ariko, muganga wawe azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibibazo byihariye by'ubuzima bwawe.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Isoniazid

Isoniazid iboneka mu mazina y'ubwoko butandukanye, nubwo akenshi yandikwa nk'umuti rusange. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ushobora kuyibona igurishwa nka Nydrazid, kimwe mu mazina y'ubwoko bukomeye.

Ubwoko rusange bufite akamaro kimwe n'ubwoko bw'amazina kandi akenshi buragurwa ku giciro gito. Farumasi yawe ishobora guhita ishyiraho ubwoko rusange keretse muganga wawe asabye by'umwihariko izina ry'ubwoko.

Imiti imwe ivanze irimo isoniazid hamwe n'indi miti ya TB. Ibi birimo Rifamate (isoniazid hamwe na rifampin) na Rifater (isoniazid, rifampin, na pyrazinamide), bishobora koroshya imiti mugihe bigabanya umubare w'ibinini ukeneye gufata.

Izindi miti isimbura Isoniazid

Mugihe isoniazid ari umuti wa mbere wo kuvura TB, hari imiti isimbura iboneka niba utayifata cyangwa niba bagiteri mu rubanza rwawe zirwanya uwo muti. Muganga wawe azahitamo igisubizo cyiza hashingiwe ku miterere yihariye y'ubuzima bwawe.

Iindi miti ya TB ya mbere irimo rifampin, ethambutol, na pyrazinamide. Akenshi bikoreshwa hamwe na isoniazid, ariko kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nk'ibisubizo niba isoniazid itagukwiriye.

Kubantu barwaye TB irwanya imiti cyangwa abatazi kwihanganira imiti ya mbere, hari uburyo bwa kabiri. Ibi birimo imiti nka fluoroquinolones (nka levofloxacin), imiti iterwa nka amikacin, n'imiti mishya nka bedaquiline na delamanid.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo ubundi bujya bushingira ku bintu nk'ubwoko bwa mikorobe ya TB ufite, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'indi miti yose urimo gufata. Muganga wawe azakorana n'inzobere za TB kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwo kuvura bwiza bujyanye n'urubanza rwawe rwihariye.

Ese Isoniazid iruta Rifampin?

Isoniazid na rifampin zombi ni imiti ikomeye ya TB ikoreshwa bwa mbere, ariko zikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi akenshi zikoreshwa zose hamwe aho kugereranywa nk'izindi. Buri imwe ifite imbaraga zayo kandi ihitwamo hashingiwe ku miterere yawe y'ubuzima.

Isoniazid ifite akamaro cyane mu gukumira TB ku bantu bafite indwara yihishe kandi akenshi niyo ihitwamo kuri uwo murimo. Ifite amateka maremare y'umutekano n'ubushobozi, cyane cyane mu kuvura gukumira kumara amezi icyenda.

Rifampin, ku rundi ruhande, ifite imbaraga nyinshi ku mikorobe ya TB kandi ni ingenzi mu kuvura indwara ya TB ikora. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gihe gito cyo kuvura gukumira (muri rusange amezi ane) kandi irashobora kwihanganirwa neza n'abantu bamwe.

Mu bihe byinshi bya TB ikora, uzahabwa imiti yombi hamwe n'indi miti ya TB. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza burushaho kugira akamaro kuruta gukoresha umuti umwe gusa kandi bufasha gukumira mikorobe kugira ngo itarwanya imiti.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Isoniazid

Ese Isoniazid ifite umutekano ku barwayi ba diyabete?

Yego, isoniazid muri rusange irashobora gukoreshwa neza ku bantu barwaye diyabete, nubwo bisaba gukurikiranwa neza. Diyabete irashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara peripheral neuropathy (kwangirika kw'imitsi) biturutse kuri isoniazid, bityo muganga wawe azakureba neza ibimenyetso by'iyi ngorane.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugusaba ibiyobyabwenge bya vitamine B6 kugira ngo bifashe gukumira ibibazo by'imitsi. Bazanakurikirana urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe kenshi, kuko kuvura TB rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugenzura diyabete.

Nigira iki niba nanyweye isoniazid nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Niba wanyoye isoniazid nyinshi kuruta uko wagombaga, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe ubumara ako kanya. Kunywa doze nyinshi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo isesemi, kuruka, isereri, kugorwa no guhumeka, ndetse no gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo.

Ntugategereze ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bigaragara - genda kwa muganga ako kanya. Zana urupapuro rw'umuti kugira ngo abaganga bamenye neza umuti wanyoye n'igihe wanyoye.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije doze ya Isoniazid?

Niba wirengagije doze, yifate uko ubyibutse, keretse igihe cyo gufata doze yawe ikurikira kigeze. Muri urwo rubanza, reka doze wirengagije ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe - ntufate doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo wuzuze iyo wirengagije.

Gerageza gufata doze wirengagije mu masaha 12 uhereye igihe wasanzwe uyifata. Niba byarenzeho, tegereza doze yawe ikurikira ukomeze nk'ibisanzwe.

Nshobora guhagarika kunywa Isoniazid ryari?

Ntuzigere uhagarika kunywa isoniazid ku bushake bwawe, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose. Ugomba kurangiza umuti wose uko wategetswe na muganga wawe, ubusanzwe ni amezi atandatu kugeza ku icyenda kuri TB ikora cyangwa amezi icyenda kuri TB yihishe.

Muganga wawe azagena igihe cyiza cyo guhagarika bitewe n'uburyo umubiri wawe witwara ku muti, ibizamini byo gukurikirana, n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa TB ufite. Guhagarika hakiri kare bishobora gutuma umuti unanirana no kurwanya imiti.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa Isoniazid?

Ni byiza kwirinda inzoga nkanwa isoniazid, kuko byombi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe. Kunywa inzoga byongera ibyago byo kurwara umwijima biturutse ku muti, ibyo bishobora kuba bikomeye.

Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, banza ubivugane na muganga wawe. Bashobora kugusaba gukora ibizamini byo gupima imikorere y'umwijima kenshi cyangwa bagusabe kwirinda inzoga rwose mu gihe uvurwa.