Ni iki cyitwa Lithium: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwa dose, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Lithium ni umuti ugabanya imibanire y'amarangamutima ufasha kugenzura ibyiyumvo byinshi cyane n'ibicye bya bipolar disorder. Ni umwe mu miti ya kera kandi ikora neza mu kugenzura ibihe bya manic no gukumira impinduka z'amarangamutima. Tekereza lithium nk'igikoresho cyoroheje ariko gikomeye gifasha ubwonko bwawe gukora neza.

Lithium ni iki?

Lithium ni imyunyu ngugu isanzwe ikora nk'umuti ugabanya imibanire y'amarangamutima mu bwonko bwawe. Igenzurwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa antimanic agents, bivuze ko igamije by'umwihariko ibihe bya manic bishobora gutuma ubuzima bugaragara nk'uburemere kandi butagendwa neza.

Uyu muti umaze imyaka myinshi ukoreshwa neza mu gufasha abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni kubaho ubuzima butajegajega kandi bwuzuye. Iza mu buryo butandukanye - ibinini, amavuta, n'amazi - bityo wowe na muganga wawe mushobora kubona uburyo bukugirira neza.

Igituma lithium idasanzwe nuko itavura gusa ibimenyetso iyo bigaragara. Ifasha rwose gukumira ibihe by'amarangamutima bizaza, ikaguha amahirwe meza yo kugira ubuzima burambye.

Lithium ikoreshwa mu iki?

Lithium ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri bipolar disorder, aho ifasha kugenzura ibihe bya manic na depressive. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugiraho inama niba waragize ibihe by'imbaraga nyinshi, ibitekerezo byihuta, cyangwa imyitwarire idashyize mu gaciro ikurikirwa no kumanuka muri depression.

Usibye bipolar disorder, lithium rimwe na rimwe ifasha n'izindi ndwara. Abaganga bamwe bayandika kuri depression ikaze itarashoboye gukira n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, cyangwa kugabanya ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura ku bantu bafite imibanire y'amarangamutima.

Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'umutwe cyangwa kongera imikorere y'imiti igabanya depression. Ariko, izi nshingano ntizisanzwe kandi zisaba gukurikiranwa neza n'umuganga wawe.

Lithium ikora ite?

Lithium ikora igihe igira ingaruka ku ntumwa z'imiti mu bwonko bwawe z'itwa neurotransmitters. Ifasha kugenzura imiterere y'iyi miti, cyane cyane iyijyanye no kugenzura amarangamutima nk'ubwoko bwa serotonin na dopamine.

Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ufite imbaraga ziringaniye - ufite imbaraga zihagije zo guhindura imiterere y'ubwonko bwawe, ariko woroshye bihagije ku buryo ufashwe neza mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi igihe ukurikiranwa neza. Ntabwo ari umuti ukora vuba mu minsi, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kuvura buhoro buhoro, bwizewe buzana imbaraga nyinshi uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Uburyo nyabwo lithium igabanya amarangamutima ntiburasobanuka neza, ariko abashakashatsi bemeza ko ifasha selile z'ubwonko kuvugana neza. Iyi mikoranire myiza ituma habaho guhindagurika guke kw'amarangamutima no kugira ituze ryiza ry'amarangamutima.

Nkwiriye gufata Lithium nte?

Fata lithium nk'uko umuganga wawe abikwandikiye, akenshi inshuro 2-3 ku munsi hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa nyuma yo kurya. Kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bifasha kwirinda kuribwa mu gifu kandi bituma umuti worohera sisitemu yawe yo mu gifu.

Amazi ni inshuti yawe nziza igihe ufata lithium - nywa menshi umunsi wose kugira ngo afashe impyiko zawe gutunganya umuti neza. Irinde caffeine nyinshi, kuko ishobora kubangamira uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha lithium.

Gerageza gufata imiti yawe mu gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urwego ruzigama mu maraso yawe. Niba ufata uburyo bw'amazi, upime neza ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gupima cyatanzwe, ntabwo ari ikiyiko cyo mu rugo.

Ntukamenagure, utafune, cyangwa umenagure ibinini bifite igihe kirekire, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma umuti mwinshi usohoka icyarimwe. Ubimire byose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi.

Nkwiriye kumara igihe kingana iki mfata Lithium?

Abantu benshi bakeneye gufata lithium mu mezi menshi kugeza ku myaka kugira ngo babone inyungu zose. Bisaba icyumweru 1-2 kugira ngo bitangire gukora, ariko ingaruka zose zo kugabanya amarangamutima ntizishobora kugaragara mu byumweru 6-12.

Ku bijyanye n'indwara ya bipolar, lithium akenshi ifatwa nk'umuti ukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Abantu benshi bayifata imyaka myinshi cyangwa ndetse n'imyaka mirongo kugira ngo birinde ko ibihe by'amarangamutima bisubira. Ibi ntibisobanura ko uyobeweho - bisobanura ko ubwonko bwawe bungukirwa n'inkunga ihoraho.

Muganga wawe azagenzura imiti yawe buri gihe kandi ashobora guhindura igihe uyifata bitewe n'uko ubyitwaramo. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukomeza kugabanya urugero rw'umuti bafata cyangwa bakawureka burundu, mu gihe abandi basanga bayikeneye igihe cyose kugira ngo bagire ubuzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata lithium mu buryo butunguranye, n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Guhagarika mu buryo butunguranye bishobora gutera ibihe bikomeye by'amarangamutima, bityo muganga wawe azagutegurira gahunda yo kugabanya umuti buhoro buhoro niba hari impinduka zikenewe.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Lithium?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, lithium ishobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo abantu benshi bayihanganira neza igihe umubiri wabo umaze kuyimenyera. Kumva icyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite icyizere ku bijyanye n'imiti yawe.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo, cyane cyane igihe utangiye imiti:

• Inyota yiyongera no kunyara
• Isesemi rito cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Kunyeganyega guto kw'intoki
• Gusinzira cyangwa kunanirwa
• Kongera ibiro
• Impiswi cyangwa kwituma bireremye

Izi ngaruka zo hambere akenshi ziragabanuka igihe umubiri wawe umaze kumenyera umuti. Abantu benshi basanga zicungwa kandi zikaba zikwiriye kubera ituze ry'amarangamutima lithium itanga.

Ingaruka zimwe zitavugwa cyane ariko zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Nubwo bidasanzwe, ni ngombwa kumenya ibi bishoboka:

• Kunyeganyega gukabije cyangwa gukomera kw'imitsi
• Urujijo cyangwa kugorana gutekereza neza
• Umutima utera nabi
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa impiswi
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'impyiko (kubyimba, guhinduka mu kunyara)
• Ibibazo bya thyroïde (kunananirwa gukabije, guhinduka kw'ibiro)

Ibizamini bya buri gihe by'amaraso bifasha kumenya ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare, bigatuma lithium iba umuti mwiza wo gufata igihe kirekire ku bantu benshi. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagukurikiranira hafi, cyane cyane mu mezi make ya mbere yo kuvurwa.

Ninde utagomba gufata Lithium?

Lithium ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi indwara zimwe na zimwe zituma itaba nziza cyangwa zigasaba kwitonda cyane. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyandika.

Ugomba kwirinda lithium niba ufite indwara ikomeye y'impyiko, kuko impyiko zawe zigomba gukora neza kugirango zitunganye umuti neza. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima, cyane cyane imirimo idasanzwe, bashobora gukenera izindi mvura.

Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gutwita, ganira ibi na muganga wawe ako kanya. Lithium irashobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda, cyane cyane mu gihembwe cya mbere, bityo uzakenera ubuvuzi bwihariye no gukurikiranwa.

Ababyeyi bonka bagomba kandi kwitonda, kuko lithium yinjira mu mata y'ibere. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gupima inyungu n'ibibazo no gushakisha izindi mvura zizewe niba bibaye ngombwa.

Abantu bafite umwuma ukabije, urwego rwa sodium ruto, cyangwa abafata imiti imwe na imwe (nk'imiti imwe yo kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso) bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero cyangwa izindi mvura.

Amazina ya Lithium

Lithium iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, nubwo verisiyo rusange zikora neza. Amazina asanzwe y'ubwoko arimo Lithobid, Eskalith, na Lithonate.

Itandukaniro rikuru hagati y'ubwoko akenshi ni imiterere - zimwe zirasohoka ako kanya mugihe izindi zirasohoka igihe kirekire. Verisiyo zisohoka igihe kirekire zigomba gufatwa kenshi kandi zishobora gutera ingaruka nke.

Farumasi yawe irashobora guhinduranya hagati y'abakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, ariko ntugire impungenge - ibicuruzwa byose bya lithium byemewe na FDA byujuje ubuziranenge bumwe n'ubushobozi. Niba ubonye impinduka iyo uhinduye ubwoko, menyesha muganga wawe.

Izindi mvura za Lithium

Niba lithium itagukwiriye, izindi miti ituma umuntu agira imitekerereze imwe ishobora gufasha mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar. Izi zindi zikora mu buryo butandukanye ariko zishobora kugira akamaro kimwe ku bantu benshi.

Imiti igabanya imitsi nk'umuti wa valproic acid (Depakote) na lamotrigine (Lamictal) ni imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa. Ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye kandi ishobora kuba ikwiriye kurushaho ibyo ukeneye byihariye n'ubuzima bwawe.

Imiti ya antipsychotics idasanzwe nka quetiapine (Seroquel) cyangwa olanzapine (Zyprexa) nayo ishobora gutuma imitekerereze ihagarara, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ibibazo byo guhindagurika. Abantu bamwe bakoresha iyi miti bonyine cyangwa bayifatanyije n'indi miti.

Muganga wawe ashobora no gutekereza ku bindi bishya nka carbamazepine cyangwa oxcarbazepine, bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'uburyo wabyitwayemo ku zindi nshuti. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukubona umuti ukwiriye cyangwa uruvange rukora neza ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Ese Lithium iruta Valproic Acid?

Lithium na valproic acid ni imiti myiza ituma imitekerereze ihagarara, ariko ikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi ikwiriye abantu batandukanye. Lithium ikunda kugira akamaro kurusha mu gukumira ibibazo byo guhindagurika kandi ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya kwiyahura.

Valproic acid ishobora kuba igisubizo cyiza niba ufite indwara ya bipolar ikunda guhindagurika cyangwa ibibazo bivanzemo ibimenyetso byo guhindagurika no kwiheba bibaho icyarimwe. Nanone ikunda gutera ibibazo bike by'impyiko na tiroyide kurusha lithium.

Igisubizo

Lithium isaba gukurikiranwa neza niba ufite ibibazo by'impyiko, kuko impyiko zawe zitunganya kandi zikavana uyu muti mu mubiri. Niba ufite indwara yoroheje y'impyiko, muganga wawe ashobora kugutera urugero ruto kandi agasuzuma urwego rw'amaraso yawe kenshi.

Abantu bafite indwara ikomeye y'impyiko mubisanzwe ntibashobora gufata lithium mu buryo bwizewe, kuko uyu muti ushobora kwiyongera ukagera ku rwego ruteje akaga mu mubiri wabo. Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini by'imikorere y'impyiko mbere yo gutangira lithium kandi buri gihe mu gihe cy'imiti.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo by'impyiko bifitanye isano na lithium mubisanzwe bishobora gukira niba byamenyekanye hakiri kare. Gukurikiranwa buri gihe bifasha kureba ko impyiko zawe ziguma zifite ubuzima bwiza mugihe wungukirwa n'ingaruka zo kugabanya imyumvire.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye lithium nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba utunguranye ukanywa lithium nyinshi, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe gukumira uburozi ako kanya, niyo wumva umeze neza. Lithium nyinshi ishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye kandi ntishobora gutera ibimenyetso ako kanya.

Ibimenyetso byo kwiyongera kwa lithium birimo isesemi ikabije, kuruka, impiswi, urujijo, intege nke z'imitsi, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibice by'umubiri. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, shakisha ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya.

Ntugerageze kwivugisha cyangwa gufata indi miti yo kurwanya kwiyongera kwa lithium. Abaganga bakeneye gukurikirana urwego rw'amaraso yawe kandi bagatanga ubuvuzi bukwiye hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi wafashe.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije urugero rwa lithium?

Niba wirengagije urugero rwa lithium, ruyifate vuba na bwangu uko wibuka, keretse igihe cyegereye urugero rwawe ruteganyijwe. Muricyo gihe, reka urugero wirengagije ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata urugero ebyiri icyarimwe kugirango usubize urugero wirengagije, kuko ibi bishobora gutera urwego rwa lithium yawe kuzamuka mu buryo buteye akaga. Biruta gukomeza igihe cyawe gisanzwe kuruta gukuba kabiri.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa imiti, gerageza gushyiraho ibyibutsa kuri terefone yawe cyangwa ukoreshe agasanduku kabugenewe. Urwego rwa lisiyumu mu maraso rugomba kuba ruhamye kugira ngo ikore neza kandi mu buryo butagira ingaruka.

Q4. Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata lisiyumu?

Umwanzuro wo kureka lisiyumu ugomba gufatwa na muganga wawe, ntabwo ukwiye kuwifatira. Abantu benshi bagomba gufata lisiyumu byibuze umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma yuko amarangamutima yabo ahosheje kugira ngo birinde kongera kubaho.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bintu nk'igihe umaze uhosheje, niba waragize ibibazo byinshi byo guhindagurika kw'amarangamutima, n'ubuzima bwawe bwose bwo mu mutwe igihe muganira ku birebana no kureka lisiyumu. Abantu bamwe bungukirwa no gukomeza gufata lisiyumu igihe kirekire.

Niba ureka gufata lisiyumu, bigomba gukorwa buhoro buhoro mu byumweru byinshi cyangwa amezi. Guhagarika lisiyumu ako kanya bishobora gutera ikibazo gikomeye cy'amarangamutima, bityo muganga wawe azakora gahunda yo kugabanya doze mu buryo bwitonda.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa lisiyumu?

Ni byiza kwirinda inzoga cyangwa kuzigabanya cyane igihe ufata lisiyumu. Inzoga irashobora kongera ingaruka mbi za lisiyumu kandi ikabangamira imikorere y'umuti mu guhosha amarangamutima yawe.

Inzoga kandi ni umuti ugabanya amarangamutima ushobora gutuma ibimenyetso by'amarangamutima birushaho kuba bibi kandi bikongera ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye. Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, banza uganire na muganga wawe ku birebana n'urugero rwiza rwo kunywa.

Wibuke ko inzoga ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku gitekerezo cyawe cyo gufata imiti buri gihe, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa kugira ngo lisiyumu ikore neza. Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe buruta ibindi byose ugereranyije n'ingaruka z'inzoga z'igihe gito.