Icyo Lomitapide ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Lomitapide ni umuti wandikirwa abantu ufasha kugabanya urugero rwo hejuru cyane rwa kolesteroli mu bantu bafite indwara idasanzwe yo mu bwoko bwa genetike yitwa homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Uyu muti ukora mu buryo butandukanye n'imiti isanzwe ya kolesteroli, ukora ku poroteyine yihariye mu mwijima wawe kugira ngo ugabanye cyane umubare wa kolesteroli n'ibinure mu maraso yawe.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi yarandikiwe lomitapide, birashoboka ko urimo guhangana n'indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kuvurwa kandi isaba ubuvuzi bwihariye. Uyu muti uhagarariye icyizere ku bantu urugero rwa kolesteroli rukomeza kuba rwo hejuru cyane nubwo bagerageje izindi nshuti.

Lomitapide ni iki?

Lomitapide ni umuti wihariye ugabanya kolesteroli wo mu cyiciro cyitwa microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors. Ikora ibi ikingira poroteyine yihariye mu mwijima wawe ifasha gukora ibinure, mu by'ukuri igashyira imbaraga mu mikorere y'umubiri wawe ya kolesteroli.

Uyu muti wagenewe by'umwihariko abantu bafite homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, indwara idasanzwe yo mu bwoko bwa genetike aho ababyeyi bombi batanze imirasire itera urugero rwo hejuru cyane rwa kolesteroli. Bitandukanye n'imiti isanzwe ya kolesteroli ifatwa n'abantu benshi, lomitapide igenewe ibibazo aho izindi nshuti zitabashije kumanura kolesteroli ku rwego rworoshye.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo bwa capsule zifatwa buri munsi, kandi buri gihe ukoreshwa hamwe n'imirire ifite ibinure bike cyane n'izindi nshuti zigabanya kolesteroli. Tekereza nk'igice cy'uburyo bwuzuye aho kuba igisubizo cyonyine.

Lomitapide ikoreshwa mu iki?

Lomitapide yandikirwa by'umwihariko kuvura indwara ya hypercholesterolemia ya homozygous familial (HoFH), indwara idasanzwe ya genetike ifata abantu hafi 1 kuri 300,000 kugeza 1 kuri 1,000,000 ku isi yose. Iyi ndwara ituma urugero rwa cholesterol ruzamuka cyane kuva umuntu akivuka, akenshi bigatuma umutima urwara akiri muto cyane iyo atavuwe.

Abantu bafite HoFH mubisanzwe bagira urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru inshuro 6 kugeza 10 kurusha ibisanzwe, kabone niyo bafashe imiti ya cholesterol yose ishoboka. Imibiri yabo yateguwe kugira ngo ikore cholesterol nyinshi cyane kuko barazwe imirasire mibi y'imiryango yombi.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa nk'umuti wongerwa, bivuze ko wandikirwa hamwe n'indi miti igabanya cholesterol nka statins, ezetimibe, rimwe na rimwe n'imiti mishya nka PCSK9 inhibitors. Muganga wawe azagusaba kandi gukurikiza imirire ikarishye cyane idafite ibinure byinshi mugihe ufata lomitapide.

Lomitapide ikora ite?

Lomitapide ikora ibuza poroteyine yitwa microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) mu turemangingo twawe tw'umwijima. Iyi poroteyine isanzwe ifasha gupakira cholesterol n'andi mavuta mu duce dusohokerwa mu maraso yawe.

Iyo lomitapide ibuza iyi poroteyine, umwijima wawe ntushobora gupakira no gusohora neza utwo duce tw'ibinure, ibyo bigabanya cyane urugero rwa cholesterol na triglycerides bizenguruka mu maraso yawe. Bimeze nk'ugushyiraho inzitizi ku muhanda utwara cholesterol kuva mu mwijima wawe ukajya mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Uyu muti ufata nk'umuti ukomeye cyane mu kugabanya cholesterol. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, abantu bafata lomitapide babonye cholesterol yabo ya LDL (cholesterol

Lomitapide igomba gufatwa uko umuganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi rimwe ku munsi nimugoroba hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi. Igihe ni ingenzi kuko kuyifata nijoro bishobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zimwe zo mu gihe cyo gukora ibyo kurya ushobora guhura na byo.

Ugomba gukurikiza imirire ikarishye cyane ifite ibinure bike mugihe ufata uyu muti, ukagabanya ibinure byawe munsi ya 20% by'imisemburo yawe yose ya buri munsi. Ibi mubisanzwe bisobanura ko bitarenze garama 20 z'ibinure ku munsi kubantu benshi. Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rizatanga ubuyobozi burambuye bw'imirire kandi rishobora kukwohereza ku muhanga w'imirire.

Umuti ugomba kumirwa wose utavunitse, utamunzwe, cyangwa ufunguye ibinini. Muganga wawe ashobora gutangira kukugaburira urugero ruto hanyuma buhoro buhoro akarwongera mu byumweru byinshi kugirango afashe umubiri wawe guhuza no kugabanya ingaruka zose.

Ni ngombwa kwirinda inzoga rwose mugihe ufata lomitapide, kuko iyi mvange ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima. Uzakenera kandi ibizamini by'amaraso bisanzwe kugirango ukurikirane imikorere y'umwijima wawe kandi uhindure urugero uko bikwiye.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Iki Ndafata Lomitapide?

Lomitapide mubisanzwe ni uburyo bwo kuvura burambye uzakenera gukomeza iteka ryose kugirango ugumane inyungu zayo zo kugabanya cholesterol. Kubera ko hypercholesterolemia yo mu muryango wa homozygous ari indwara ya genetike y'ubuzima bwose, guhagarika umuti bishobora gutuma urugero rwawe rwa cholesterol ruzamuka rukagaruka ku rwego rw'akaga.

Muganga wawe azakurikirana iterambere ryawe binyuze mu bizamini by'amaraso bisanzwe, akenshi buri mezi make mbere hanyuma bikagenda bike iyo urwego rwawe ruhagaze. Ibi bizamini ntibipima gusa urugero rwawe rwa cholesterol ahubwo n'imikorere y'umwijima wawe, kuko umuti ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe.

Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera guhagarika by'agateganyo cyangwa kugabanya urugero rwabo niba bagize ingaruka cyangwa niba ibizamini byabo by'imikorere y'umwijima byerekana impinduka ziteye impungenge. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango abone uburinganire bukwiye hagati yo kugabanya neza cholesterol yawe no gucunga ingaruka zose.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Byatewe na Lomitapide?

Ibikorwa bigaragara cyane byatewe na lomitapide bifitanye isano n'inzira yo mu gifu, kuko umuti ugira uruhare mu buryo umubiri wawe utunganya amavuta. Ibi bikorwa akenshi birashoboka kubicunga hakoreshejwe impinduka mu mirire kandi akenshi birakosoka uko umubiri wawe umenyera umuti.

Dore ibikorwa bigaragara byo mu gifu ushobora guhura nabyo, cyane cyane igihe utangiye gufata umuti cyangwa wiyongera urugero rwawo:

• Impiswi (zigera ku bantu bagera kuri 80% bafata umuti)
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Urubavu mu nda no kubyimba
• Gasi nyinshi
• Ukeneye vuba kujya ku bwiherero
• Amase y'amavuta cyangwa afite amavuta

Ibi bimenyetso byo mu gifu akenshi bikosoka cyane iyo ukurikiza imirire ifite amavuta make muganga wawe yakwandikiye. Abantu benshi basanga ibimenyetso byabo bigabanuka cyane nyuma y'ibyumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuvuzi.

Ibikorwa bikomeye ariko bitagaragara cyane birimo ibibazo by'umwijima, niyo mpamvu uzakeneye ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe. Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima birimo umuhondo w'uruhu rwawe cyangwa amaso, inkari z'umukara, umunaniro ukabije, cyangwa isesemi ihoraho. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kandi guhura no kugabanya ibiro, bishobora kuba bikomeye mu bihe bimwe. Muganga wawe azagenzura ibiro byawe n'imibereho y'imirire mu gihe cyose cy'ubuvuzi.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Lomitapide?

Lomitapide ntikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bituma uyu muti utekanye. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuwandikira.

Ntugomba gufata lomitapide niba ufite indwara y'umwijima ikora cyangwa niba ibizamini byawe by'imikorere y'umwijima byazamutse cyane. Kubera ko umuti ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe, gutangira ufite umwijima usanzwe wangiritse byatuma habaho ibibazo bikomeye.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu gifu bagomba kwirinda lomitapide. Niba ufite indwara yo mu gifu ifata urwungano rw'igifu, impiswi zihoraho, cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye byo kutagira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibiryo, uyu muti ushobora gutuma ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera.

Uyu muti ntusabwa kandi mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa konsa, kuko ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mirire y'umwana ukiri mu nda. Abagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo kuboneza urubyaro mu gihe bafata lomitapide.

Byongeye kandi, niba unywa inzoga kenshi cyangwa ufite amateka yo gukoresha inzoga nabi, lomitapide ntishobora kuba ikwiriye kuri wowe kubera ibyago byiyongera byo kurwara umwijima.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Lomitapide

Lomitapide iboneka ku izina ry'ubwoko rya Juxtapid muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika na Lojuxta mu Burayi no mu bindi bihugu. Byombi birimo ibintu bimwe bikora kandi bikora kimwe.

Uyu muti ukorwa na Aegerion Pharmaceuticals (ubu ni igice cya Amryt Pharma) kandi uboneka gusa binyuze muri farumasi zidasanzwe kubera kamere yayo yihariye no gukenera gukurikiranwa neza.

Kubera ko lomitapide ikoreshwa ku ndwara idasanzwe, ntiboneka nk'umuti rusange. Ubu bwoko bw'izina ni bwo buryo bwonyine buriho ubu.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Lomitapide

Mugihe lomitapide idasanzwe mu buryo ikora, hariho ubundi buryo bwo kuvura abantu bafite hypercholesterolemia yo mu muryango. Muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza izi nzira niba lomitapide itagukwiriye cyangwa niba ukeneye imbaraga zongera kugabanya cholesterol.

Abakumira ba PCSK9 nka evolocumab (Repatha) na alirocumab (Praluent) ni imiti mishya ishobora kugabanya cyane urugero rwa cholesterol. Izi zitangwa nk'inkingo buri byumweru bibiri cyangwa buri kwezi kandi zikora zifasha umwijima wawe gukuramo cholesterol nyinshi mu maraso yawe.

Uburyo bundi ni evinacumab (Evkeeza), yemejwe by'umwihariko ku bantu bafite indwara ya hypercholesterolemia ya homozygous kandi itangwa nk'urukingo rwo mu maraso buri kwezi. Uyu muti ukora ubugenzuzi bwa poroteyine yitwa ANGPTL3.

Ku bantu bamwe, uburyo bwo kuvura bwiswe LDL apheresis bushobora gushyirwaho. Ibi bisa na dialysis ariko by'umwihariko bikuraho cholesterol mu maraso yawe. Bikunze gukorwa buri cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri kandi bishobora kugira akamaro kanini mu kugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol.

Mu bihe bikomeye, gushyiraho umwijima bishobora gutekerezwa, kuko ibi bishobora "gukiza" ikibazo cy'imiterere ya genetike bitanga umwijima ushobora gutunganya cholesterol uko bisanzwe.

Ese Lomitapide iruta imiti yindi ya cholesterol?

Lomitapide ntiruta imiti yindi ya cholesterol, ariko ifite uruhare rwihariye kandi rw'ingenzi ku bantu bafite indwara ya hypercholesterolemia ya homozygous. Yateguwe by'umwihariko ku miterere aho imiti isanzwe ya cholesterol itahagije kugirango igere ku rugero rwo kwizerwa.

Ugereranije na statins, ari zo miti ya cholesterol ikoreshwa cyane, lomitapide irakomeye cyane ariko kandi iza n'ingaruka zikomeye. Statins muri rusange zihanganirwa neza kandi zikora neza ku bantu benshi bafite cholesterol nyinshi, ariko akenshi ntizikomeye bihagije ku bantu bafite imiterere ya genetike lomitapide ivura.

Uburyo uyu muti ukora butangaje ku gikorwa cyagenewe. Mu igeragezwa ryo kuvura, lomitapide yagabanije LDL cholesterol ku kigereranyo cya 40-50% ku bantu bafite hypercholesterolemia ya homozygous, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu by'ingenzi ku bantu urugero rwa cholesterol rwari rutoroshye kugenzura.

Ariko, ingaruka zo mu gifu no gukenera kurya ibiryo bidafite amavuta menshi bituma lomitapide igorana kurusha imiti myinshi igabanya urugero rwa kolesteroli. Ibi nibyo bituma ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye bya kolesteroli bitavurwa, aho gukoreshwa nk'umuti wa mbere.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Lomitapide

Ese Lomitapide irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Lomitapide muri rusange irashobora gukoreshwa neza ku bantu barwaye diyabete, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa neza. Uyu muti ubwawo ntugira ingaruka zihuse ku rugero rw'isukari mu maraso, ariko kurya ibiryo bidafite amavuta menshi bisabwa ndetse n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho zo mu gifu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikoreshereze ya diyabete yawe.

Niba urwaye diyabete, muganga wawe azakorana nawe bya hafi kugirango ahindure uburyo ufata ibiryo ndetse n'imiti yawe ya diyabete kugirango uhabwe ibyo kurya bigufasha kubana n'iyo miti ya lomitapide. Kurya ibiryo bidafite amavuta menshi bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura diyabete ku bantu bamwe, ariko ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ukibona intungamubiri zihagije.

Nigute nakora niba nanyweye lomitapide nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba unyweye lomitapide nyinshi bitunguranye kurusha uko byategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe ubumara ako kanya, n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Kunywa nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye zo mu gifu ndetse n'ibibazo by'umwijima.

Ntugerageze gusubiza umuti wanyweye wiyongereye ukoresha doze ikurikira. Ahubwo, komeza gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gufata imiti nkuko byategetswe na muganga wawe. Bika amakuru y'ibyo byabaye n'igihe byabereye, kuko aya makuru azagufasha mu ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Nigute nakora niba nibagiwe gufata doze ya lomitapide?

Niba wibagiwe gufata doze ya lomitapide, yifate ako kanya wibukiye, keretse igihe kigeze cyo gufata doze ikurikira. Muri icyo gihe, reka iyo doze wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Ntukigere ufata doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugirango usubize iyo wibagiwe.

Gerageza gufata lomitapide ku isaha imwe buri munsi kugira ngo bikugire mu kwibuka. Gushyiraho alarme kuri telefoni cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti birashobora kuba uburyo bufasha mu kugumana uburyo bwo gufata imiti yawe.

Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata Lomitapide?

Ntabwo ukwiye kureka gufata lomitapide utabanje kubiganiraho na muganga wawe. Kubera ko uyu muti uvura indwara ya genetike itajya ishira, kureka gufata uyu muti bishobora gutuma urugero rwa kolesteroli yawe rusubira ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane mu byumweru bike.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugabanya igipimo cy'umuti wahawe by'agateganyo cyangwa akagusaba kureka gufata umuti niba ugize ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa niba ibizamini by'imikorere y'umwijima wawe bigaragaza impinduka ziteye impungenge. Ariko, bazakorana nawe kugira ngo babone imiti isimbura kugira ngo bagumane kolesteroli yawe igenzurwa.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba mfata Lomitapide?

Oya, ugomba kwirinda rwose inzoga niba ufata lomitapide. Guhuza inzoga na lomitapide byongera cyane ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima, bishobora gutera urupfu.

Ibi bikubiyemo inzoga zose, harimo inzoga, divayi, na spirit, kimwe n'imiti irimo inzoga. N'ubwo inzoga ntoya zishobora kuba ikibazo iyo zihujwe na lomitapide, kwirinda rwose inzoga ni ngombwa ku bw'umutekano wawe.