Inkingi ya MMR ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Uburyo bwo Kwivuza mu Rugo

Inkingi ya MMR ni urukingo ruhuza rurinda indwara eshatu ziterwa na virusi zikomeye: umusonga, mumps, na rubella. Uru rukingo rukoresha virusi zoroheje zifasha urugingo rw'umubiri rurwanya indwara kwiga kurwanya indwara nyazo zitagutera kurwara.

Gukingirwa ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe n'abandi muri sosiyete yawe izi ndwara zishobora guteza akaga. Uru rukingo rumaze imyaka myinshi rukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi rwagabanije cyane izi ndwara ku isi hose.

Inkingi ya MMR ni iki?

Inkingi ya MMR ni urukingo rutanga uburinzi butatu rurinda umusonga, mumps, na rubella mu nshinge imwe. Ikubiyemo virusi nzima ariko zoroheje zitashobora gutera indwara nyazo ariko zigafasha urugingo rw'umubiri rurwanya indwara kumenya no kuzirwanya.

Uru rukingo akenshi rutangwa mu doze ebyiri mu gihe cy'ubwana, doze ya mbere ikaba hagati y'amezi 12-15 n'iya kabiri hagati y'imyaka 4-6. Abantu bakuru batarakingiwe cyangwa batazi neza uko bafite urukingo bashobora no gukenera urukingo rwa MMR.

Kumva kw'inkingi ya MMR bimeze bite?

Abantu benshi bagira ibibazo bito gusa mu gihe no nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa MMR. Uzumva urumuri cyangwa urushyi ruto igihe urushinge rwinjiye, bisa n'izindi nshinge zisanzwe.

Nyuma yo gukingirwa, ukuboko kwawe gushobora kumva kubabara cyangwa kumera neza ahantu bakingiriwe mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Abantu bamwe babona umutuku muto cyangwa kubyimba aho bakingiriwe, ibyo bisanzwe kandi byerekana ko urugingo rw'umubiri rurwanya indwara ruri gusubiza.

Umubare muto w'abantu ushobora kugira umuriro muto cyangwa kumva batameze neza gato mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ibi ni ikimenyetso cyiza cyerekana ko umubiri wawe uri kubaka ubudahangarwa kuri izi ndwara.

Ni iki gitera ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingi ya MMR?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR zibaho kuko umubiri wawe wigira kumenya no kurwanya virusi zoroheje ziri mu rwo rukingo. Iyi nzitizi y'umubiri nicyo dukeneye rwose - niyo uburyo ugira uburinzi ku ndwara nyazo.

Umubiri wawe ufata ibice by'urukingo nk'ibintu by'amahanga kandi ukora igisubizo gito cy'uburwayi. Ubu buryo bushobora gutera ibimenyetso by'agateganyo nk'ububabare, umuriro muke, cyangwa kumva unaniwe.

Dore impamvu z'ingenzi ushobora guhura n'ingaruka nyuma yo gukingirwa:

• Umubiri wawe ukora cyane imyanya irwanya umusonga, amashaza, na rubella
• Umutsima ubwawo ushobora gutera uburakari bw'imitsi ahantu hakorewe urukingo
• Igisubizo cy'umubiri ku giti cyawo kiratandukanye, bityo abantu bamwe bagira ibisubizo bigaragara kurusha abandi
• Umubiri wawe mu by'ukuri urimo kugira "imyitozo" hamwe na izi virusi mu buryo butekanye

Izi ngaruka muri rusange zoroheje cyane kurusha indwara nyazo kandi zikemuka vuba. Umubiri wawe ukora neza icyo ugomba gukora.

Urukingo rwa MMR ni ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Urukingo rwa MMR si ikimenyetso cy'ikintu icyo aricyo cyose - ni uburyo bwo gukumira bugufasha kurinda indwara eshatu zikomeye ziterwa na virusi. Ariko, gusobanukirwa uko izi ndwara zisa bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu gukingirwa ari ngombwa cyane.

Umusonga utera umuriro mwinshi, inkorora, amazuru yiruka, n'umubiri utukura wihariye ukwirakwira mu mubiri wose. Iyi ndwara yandura cyane ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye birimo kubyimba kw'ubwonko na nyumoniya.

Amashaza akunda gutera kubyimba kubabaza kw'imisemburo y'amacandwe, cyane cyane hafi y'akaguru. Bishobora kandi gutera umuriro, kubabara umutwe, kandi mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibibazo byibasira ubwonko, imitsi y'intanga, cyangwa intanga.

Uburwayi bwa Rubella, bwitwa kandi umusonga w'Abadage, butera uruhu rworoshye n'umuriro muke ku bantu benshi. Ariko, butera ibyago bikomeye ku bagore batwite, bishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye bwo kuvuka cyangwa gukuramo inda.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR zishobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR zikira rwose zonyine mu minsi mike. Umubiri wawe ushaka ibice by'urukingo kandi ibibazo byose by'agateganyo bigenda uko umubiri wawe urangiza kubaka ubwirinzi.

Urubavu ahaterwa urukingo ruzahuka mumasaha 24-48. Umuriro uwo ariwo wose woroshye cyangwa kumva utameze neza muri rusange bikunda gushira muminsi mike nta kuvurwa bikenewe.

Niba ugira ingaruka, akenshi ziba mbi cyane muminsi ya mbere cyangwa ibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa. Nyuma yibyo, ugomba gutangira kumva umeze neza uko umubiri wawe urangiza igisubizo cy'umubiri.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR zivurwa murugo?

Ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR zirashobora gucungwa neza murugo hamwe n'imiti yoroheje. Urufunguzo ni ukuguma wumva umeze neza mugihe umubiri wawe ukora akazi kayo k'ingenzi ko kubaka ubudahangarwa.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya ibibazo byose ushobora guhura nabyo:

• Shyira igitambaro gitose, gikonje ahaterwa urukingo muminota 10-15 kugirango ugabanye urubavu no kubyimba
• Fata imiti yo kurwanya ububabare nkacetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen niba ufite umuriro cyangwa kubabara umubiri
• Nywa amazi menshi kugirango ugume wumva umeze neza, cyane cyane niba ufite umuriro woroshye
• Fata akaruhuko kenshi kugirango ushyigikire umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa mugihe ushaka urukingo
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye kugirango wirinde gushyushya ahaterwa urukingo
• Kora ukuboko kwawe buhoro buhoro kandi buri gihe kugirango wirinde gukakara

Ibi bintu byoroshye birashobora gutuma wumva umeze neza mugihe umubiri wawe wubaka ubwirinzi burambye kuri izi ndwara zikomeye.

Ni ukuvura iki mu buvuzi kubijyanye n'ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR?

Ibimenyetso byinshi byo kwitwara nabi ku rukingo rwa MMR ntibisaba ubuvuzi ubwo ari bwo bwose uretse ingamba zo kwitaho mu rugo twaherutse kuvuga. Ariko, abaganga bashobora gutanga ubufasha bwiyongereye niba urimo guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye.

Kubijyanye n'ibimenyetso byoroheje, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti yihariye igabanya ububabare cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare. Bashobora kandi gutanga ubuyobozi ku gihe cyiza n'urugero rwo gufata imiti itangwa itagombye uruhushya rwa muganga.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane aho umuntu ahura n'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwanga urukingo, ubuvuzi bwihuse burimo epinephrine (adrenaline) n'indi miti yihutirwa. Ubu bwoko bw'uburwayi bukunze kubaho mu minota mike nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'inzobere.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kandi gufasha kumenya niba ibimenyetso bidasanzwe urimo guhura nabyo bifitanye isano n'urukingo cyangwa bishobora kuba bifite indi mpamvu rwose.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kubera ingaruka z'urukingo rwa MMR?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuvuzi wawe niba uhuye n'ibimenyetso bisa nkaho bikomeye kurusha ingaruka zisanzwe zoroheje. Nubwo ibimenyetso bikomeye bidasanzwe, buri gihe ni byiza kugenzura n'inzobere niba ufite impungenge.

Dore ibihe byihariye ugomba gushakiramo ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi:

• Urusha rwinshi rurenze 103°F (39.4°C) rutitabira imiti igabanya umuriro
• Ibimenyetso byo kwanga urukingo bikomeye nk'ukugorana guhumeka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, cyangwa uruhu rwakwiriye hose
• Umutwe ukabije, ijosi rigoye, cyangwa urujijo rugaragara nyuma yo gukingirwa
• Kuruka guhoraho cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kumuka amazi mu mubiri
• Aho urukingo rwaterwa hakaba umutuku cyane, gushyuha, cyangwa hakavamo ibibyimba
• Ingaruka zose zikomeza aho gukira nyuma y'iminsi 2-3
• Ibimenyetso bisa nkaho bidasanzwe cyangwa bigutera impungenge z'ukuri

Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma niba ibimenyetso byawe bikeneye kuvurwa cyangwa niba ari igice cy'uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirinda indwara nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutuma ugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR, nubwo abantu benshi barwihanganira neza cyane hatitawe ku bintu bibashyira mu kaga. Kumva ibyo bintu birashobora kugufasha kwitegura no kumenya icyo witegura.

Imyaka igira uruhare mu buryo umubiri wawe witwara ku rukingo. Abantu bakuru bahabwa urukingo rwa MMR ku nshuro ya mbere bashobora kugira ingaruka zigaragara kurusha abana, nubwo izo na zo zikunze kuba nto.

Dore ibintu bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ingaruka:

• Guhabwa urukingo rwawe rwa mbere rwa MMR uri umuntu mukuru aho kuba umwana
• Kugira amateka yo kwitwara nabi ku zindi nkingo
• Kuba ufite umunabi cyangwa warushye igihe cyo gukingirwa
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'umubiri zikora nabi ku mikorere y'umubiri w'umuntu
• Gufata imiti ibuza umubiri wawe gukora neza
• Gutwita (nubwo urukingo rwa MMR rutangwa mu gihe cyo gutwita)

N'iyo waba ufite ibintu bikugira mu kaga, inyungu zo gukingirwa ziruta cyane ibyago ku bantu benshi. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko ubuzima bwawe bwifashe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa MMR ni gake cyane, ariko ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uko zishobora kugaragara. Ibyago byo kurwara indwara nyazo biruta cyane ibyago biterwa n'urukingo ubwarwo.

“Ingaruka” zisanzwe ni zo zigaragara cyane z'ingaruka zisanzwe. Izi zirimo umuriro mwinshi, kubabara cyane, cyangwa kumva utameze neza kurusha uko bisanzwe mu minsi mike.

Dore ingaruka zikomeye ariko zikaba gake zishobora kubaho:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitera allergie (anaphylaxis) - bibaho ku bantu 1 kuri miliyoni imwe yahawe urukingo
• Uburwayi bwo gufatwa n'ibicurane bikabije ku bana bato bafite umuriro mwinshi - akenshi biba by'igihe gito kandi ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye
• Umubare muto w'utunyangingo tw'amaraso by'agateganyo bishobora gutuma umuntu akomereka byoroshye - biba gake cyane kandi akenshi birakira
• Ubukomere bwo ku rutugu buturutse ku buryo butari bwo bwo guterwa urukingo - birinda iyo rukingwa neza
• Urubavu cyangwa umugongo ubabaza bimara ibyumweru byinshi - bikunda kubaho cyane ku bagore bakuze

Izi ngaruka ziracyari ntoya cyane ugereranyije n'indwara urukingo rurinda. Abaganga bahawe imyitozo yo kumenya no kuvura ibi bibazo bitabaho kenshi iyo bibaye.

Ese urukingo rwa MMR ni rwiza cyangwa ni rubi ku buzima muri rusange?

Urukingo rwa MMR ni rwiza cyane ku buzima bwawe no ku buzima bw'abaturanyi bawe. Rurinda indwara eshatu zikomeye zishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye, ubumuga buhoraho, ndetse n'urupfu.

Mbere yo gukingira MMR cyane, izi ndwara zahungabanyaga ibihumbi magana by'abantu buri mwaka. Umuvumbi wenyine wateye urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri 400-500 buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, hamwe n'ibihumbi by'abantu bagize ibibazo byo mu bwonko n'izindi ngorane zikomeye.

Urukingo rwagabanije izi ndwara mu bihugu bifite urwego rwo gukingira rwo hejuru. Ibi birinda atari abakingiwe gusa ahubwo n'abantu batabasha gukingirwa kubera uburwayi.

Ibyo byose bidashimishije by'agateganyo biva ku rukingo biruta cyane uburinzi bw'ubuzima bwose butangwa n'izi ndwara ziteje akaga.

Ni iki ingaruka z'urukingo rwa MMR zishobora kwitiranywa?

Rimwe na rimwe abantu bagereranya ibimenyetso bitajyanye n'urukingo rwa MMR, cyane cyane iyo bibayeho mu byumweru bike nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ibi bishobora gutera impungenge zitari ngombwa cyangwa urujijo rw'uko urukingo rutera ibibazo.

Ibimenyetso bya rusange by'imbeho bigaragara nyuma yo gukingirwa akenshi biba ari impanuka gusa. Igihe biba byabaye gishobora gutuma bisa nkaho urukingo rwatumye amazuru yawe atemba cyangwa ugukorora, ariko ibi akenshi biterwa n'indwara zandura zidakorana.

Dore indwara zishobora kwitiranywa n'ingaruka zo gukingirwa:

• Allergies z'igihembwe zitera uruhu, amazuru atemba, cyangwa kumva utameze neza muri rusange
• Ibimenyetso by'imbeho isanzwe cyangwa gripe bibaho nyuma yo gukingirwa
• Ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'umunaniro nk'umutwe cyangwa umunaniro
• Indwara z'uruhu zitandukanye zigaragara hafi y'icyo gihe
• Ubumara bw'ibiryo cyangwa mikorobe zo mu nda zitera umuriro n'ububabare mu mubiri
• Izindi ndwara zari zisanzwe ziri mu gihe cyo gukingirwa

Niba utazi neza niba ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'urukingo, umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya icyo bifitanye isano n'icyo ari impanuka.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa MMR

Q.1: Ese ingaruka zo gukingirwa na MMR zimara igihe kingana iki?

Ingaruka nyinshi zo gukingirwa na MMR zoroheje kandi zimara iminsi 1-3 gusa. Kubabara ahatewe urukingo akenshi birakosoka mu masaha 24-48, mugihe umuriro uwo ariwo wose cyangwa kutumva neza muri rusange bikunda gukira mu minsi 2-3. Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso by'inyuma nyuma y'iminsi 7-12 nyuma yo gukingirwa, ariko na byo bikira vuba.

Q.2: Nshobora gukora imyitozo nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa MMR?

Imyitozo yoroheje muri rusange irakwiriye nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa MMR, ariko wumve umubiri wawe. Niba wumva unaniwe cyangwa ufite umuriro, biruta kuruhuka kugeza wumva umeze neza. Irinde imyitozo ikomeye mu masaha 24-48 niba ahatewe urukingo hababara cyane, kuko guhinduranya amaboko cyane bishobora kongera kutumva neza.

Q.3: Ese ni ibisanzwe kumva urwaye icyumweru nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa MMR?

Yego, ni ibisanzwe rwose kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje nyuma y'iminsi 7-12 nyuma yo gukingirwa MMR. Iyi ngaruka itinda ibaho kuko urwego rwawe rw'umubiri rushinzwe ubwirinzi ruri kubaka ubudahangarwa ku virusi zoroheje ziri muri urwo rukingo. Ibimenyetso nk'umuriro muke, uruhu ruto, cyangwa kumva utameze neza muri iki gihe ni ibimenyetso byiza ko urukingo rukora.

Q.4: Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa MMR niba ntwite?

Oya, urukingo rwa MMR ntirugomba gutangwa mugihe cyo gutwita kuko rukubiyemo virusi nzima. Abagore bagomba gutegereza kugeza nyuma yo kubyara kugirango bahabwe urukingo niba bikwiye. Niba uteganya gutwita kandi ntiwizera ubudahangarwa bwawe, ni byiza gukingirwa hanyuma ugategereza byibuze ukwezi kumwe mbere yo kugerageza gutwita.

Q.5: Nkeneye urukingo rwa MMR niba navutse mbere ya 1957?

Abantu bavutse mbere ya 1957 muri rusange bafatwa nk'abafite ubudahangarwa bwo kurwara umusonga na mumps kuko izi ndwara zari zikunze kubaho ku buryo abantu benshi banduye mu buryo bwa kamere. Ariko, barashobora gukenera gukingirwa rubella, cyane cyane abagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango arebe urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa kandi agasaba gukingirwa niba bikwiye.