Ikingo rya virusi ya rubella: Ibyo rikoreshwa, urugero rwa dose, ingaruka ziterwa n'ibindi

Ikingo rya virusi ya rubella ni urukingo rufasha urugingo rwawe rw'umubiri kurwanya virusi ya rubella. Uru rukingo rukubiyemo virusi ya rubella yoroshye idashobora gutera indwara nyayo ariko yigisha umubiri wawe uburyo bwo kuyimenya no kuyirinda. Gukingirwa ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe n'abaturanyi bawe iyi ndwara yandura cyane ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye.

Ikingo rya virusi ya rubella ni iki?

Ikingo rya virusi ya rubella ni urukingo rukubiyemo uburyo bworoshye (bwagabanijwe) bwa virusi ya rubella. Iyi virusi yoroshye iracyariho ariko yahinduriwe muri laboratori ku buryo idashobora gutera indwara ya rubella ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Iyo wakiriye uru rukingo, urugingo rwawe rw'umubiri rwigira kumenya virusi ya rubella kandi rukarema imisemburo yo kuyirwanya.

Uru rukingo akenshi rutangwa nk'igice cy'inkingo zihuriyeho nka MMR (rubella, mumps, rubella) cyangwa MMRV (rubella, mumps, rubella, varicella). Urukingo ruzima rutanga uburinzi burambye, akenshi ubuzima bwose, niyo mpamvu ikundwa kurusha inkingo zitagira ubuzima ku bantu benshi.

Ikingo rya virusi ya rubella rikoreshwa mu iki?

Intego nyamukuru y'uru rukingo ni ukurinda rubella, indwara yandura cyane iterwa na virusi ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima. Rubella ikwirakwizwa binyuze mu matonyi yo mu myuka iyo umuntu wanduye akorora cyangwa yitsamura, kandi yandura cyane ku buryo abantu 9 kuri 10 batakingiwe bayihura bazafatwa n'iyo ndwara.

Uru rukingo rutangwa buri gihe ku bana nk'igice cy'igihe cyabo cyo gukingirwa, akenshi bitangira ku myaka 12-15. Abantu bakuru batarakingiwe cyangwa badafite ibimenyetso by'ubudahangarwa na bo bashobora gukenera uru rukingo, cyane cyane niba bagiye mu mahanga cyangwa bakora mu rwego rw'ubuzima.

Uretse kurengera umuntu ku giti cye, gukingira abantu benshi bifasha gushyiraho ubudahangarwa mu baturage (ubudahangarwa bw'umukumbi). Ibi birengera abantu batabasha gukingirwa kubera uburwayi, nk'abafite ubudahangarwa budakora neza cyangwa allergie zimwe na zimwe.

Urukingo rwa virusi ya Rubella rukora gute?

Urukingo rukora rutoza umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya rubella bitabangamiye indwara nyirizina. Iyo virusi yoroshye yinjira mu mubiri wawe, umubiri wawe uyifata nk'ikintu gikomeye kandi ukora imisemburo yagenewe kurwanya rubella.

Urukingo rufatwa nk'urufite imbaraga zikwiye mu bijyanye n'ubudahangarwa. Umubiri wawe kandi ukora uturemangingo twibuka uko barwanya rubella mu myaka iri imbere. Niba waba wahuye na virusi ya rubella nyuma y'igihe, utwo turemangingo twibuka vuba na vuba turayimenya kandi tukora imisemburo yo gukumira icyorezo.

Abantu benshi bagira ubudahangarwa mu byumweru 2-3 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Uburinzi bukunze kumara igihe kirekire, hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu benshi bakomeza kurindwa mu myaka myinshi nyuma yo guhabwa doze ebyiri z'urukingo.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa virusi ya Rubella gute?

Urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella rutangwa nk'urushinge munsi y'uruhu (subcutaneous), akenshi mu kuboko kwawe kw'igice cyo hejuru. Umuganga azahora atanga uru rukingo ahantu hakorerwa ibizamini. Ntabwo ukeneye gutegura ibintu byihariye mbere yo guhabwa urukingo, kandi urashobora kurya bisanzwe mbere y'igihe.

Urukingo ruza mu ifu rigomba kuvangwa n'amazi yihariye (diluent) mbere yo guterwa urushinge. Umuganga wawe azakora ibi byose. Urukinge ubwarwo rufata amasegonda make, nubwo ushobora kumva ububabare buke cyangwa gutwika ahaterwa urushinge.

Ntabwo ukeneye kwirinda kurya cyangwa kunywa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo. Ariko, ni byiza kuguma ufite amazi ahagije kandi ukarisha mbere y'igihe niba ukunda kumva urushye mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Nshobora Gufata Urukingo rwa Virusi ya Rubella Live Mugihe Kingana Gite?

Urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella live akenshi rutangwa mu byiciro bibiri aho gutangwa nk'uruvura rukomeza. Ku bana, urukingo rwa mbere akenshi rutangwa hagati y'amezi 12-15, naho urukingo rwa kabiri hagati y'imyaka 4-6. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga urukingo mu byiciro bibiri butanga uburinzi bwiza kurwanya rubella.

Abantu bakuru bakeneye urukingo akenshi bahabwa ibyiciro bibiri bitangwa byibuze nyuma y'iminsi 28. Iyo urangije ibyiciro byasabwe, akenshi ntuzongera gukenera izindi doze keretse uri mu bihe by'akaga cyangwa muganga wawe akabikugiraho inama bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Uburinzi butangwa n'urukingo burambye, akenshi butanga ubudahangarwa mu myaka myinshi. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga z'urukingo niba bagiye mu turere turimo icyorezo cya rubella cyangwa niba ibizamini by'amaraso byerekana ko ubudahangarwa bwabo bwagabanutse uko imyaka igenda.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Nyuma yo Gufata Urukingo rwa Virusi ya Rubella Live?

Abantu benshi bagira ibikorwa byoroheje gusa nyuma yo gufata urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella live, niba hari n'ibyo bagira. Ibi bikorwa ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo gusubiza urukingo kandi ukubaka uburinzi kurwanya rubella.

Reka turebe ibikorwa bisanzwe bishobora kukubaho, twibuka ko ibikorwa bikomeye bidasanzwe:

• Urubavu, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo (bigira ingaruka ku bantu hafi 1 kuri 5)
• Urugimbu ruto, akenshi rubaho nyuma y'iminsi 7-12 nyuma yo gukingirwa
• Uruheri rw'agateganyo rushobora kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi 7-14 nyuma yo guterwa urukingo
• Umutwe woroheje cyangwa kumva utameze neza muri rusange
• Kubyimba kw'agateganyo kw'imitsi y'amazi

Ibi bikorwa bisanzwe akenshi bikira byonyine mu minsi mike kandi ntibisaba kuvurwa uretse kuruhuka no kwifashisha ibintu bigufasha kumva umeze neza.

Hariho ibikorwa bitari bisanzwe ariko bigaragara cyane bibaho ku gice gito cy'abantu. Nubwo bishobora kumvikana biteye inkeke, akenshi biroroshye kandi by'agateganyo:

• Uburwayi bwo gushyuha bukabije (102°F cyangwa hejuru) ku bantu nka 1 kuri 6
• Uruhu rworoshye rwikwira ahantu hanini ku mubiri
• Urubavu rw'agateganyo cyangwa umubyimba, bikunda kuboneka cyane ku bagore bakuze
• Umujinya w'agateganyo cyangwa impinduka nto mu myitwarire y'abana bato
• Igabanuka ry'agateganyo ry'utunyangingo tw'amaraso (utunyangingo tw'amaraso dufasha mu kuvura)

Ibi bikorwa mubisanzwe bigaragara nyuma y'iminsi 6-14 nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi bigakira nta kuvurwa, nubwo bishobora kumara icyumweru.

Noneho, reka tuganire ku ngaruka zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Nubwo ibi bibaho kenshi cyane, ni ngombwa kumenya icyo kwitondera:

• Urugero rukabije rwo kwanga umubiri (anaphylaxis) - bibaho ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri miliyoni imwe
• Kugira ibibazo byo gushyuha ku bana bato bitewe n'umuriro mwinshi
• Uburwayi bw'ubwonko bw'agateganyo (encephalitis) - gake cyane, nka 1 kuri miliyoni 3
• Urukerereza rukabije rw'urutugu rufitanye isano no gukingirwa (SIRVA)
• Uburwayi bwa pneumoni cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buteye ubwoba

Izi ngaruka zikomeye mubisanzwe zibaho mumunota kugeza kumasaa yo gukingirwa, niyo mpamvu abaganga bakunda kukubwira gutegereza iminota 15-20 nyuma yo guterwa urushinge mbere yo kuva mu ivuriro.

Ninde utagomba gufata urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella?

Nubwo urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella rufitiye abantu benshi umutekano, hariho abantu bamwe batagomba kuruhabwa bitewe n'ibibazo byiyongera. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi kugirango amenye niba urukingo rukwiriye kuri wewe.

Dore amatsinda y'ingenzi y'abantu bagomba kwirinda uru rukingo, kuko umutekano wabo ushobora guhungabana:

• Abantu bafite uburwayi bukomeye bwo kudashobora kwirwanaho cyangwa abafata imiti ibuza umubiri kwirwanaho cyane
• Abagore batwite (urukingo rushobora gutangwa nyuma yo kubyara)
• Abantu bafite amateka y’uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n’ibintu bitera allergie ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose kigize urukingo
• Abantu barwaye uburwayi bwo hagati cyangwa bukomeye bafite umuriro
• Abantu bakiriye izindi nkingo zikora ku mubiri mu byumweru bine bishize
• Abantu bakiriye ibicuruzwa by’amaraso cyangwa imiti ikora ku mubiri mu mezi 3-11 ashize

Izi mbogamizi zifasha kumenya neza ko urukingo rukora neza kandi ntirugire icyo rutwara abantu bafite ibibazo.

Hariho kandi abantu bamwe bagomba kwitonda cyane cyangwa bashobora gukenera kwitabwaho by’umwihariko mbere yo guhabwa urukingo:

• Abantu bafite uburwayi bworoshye bwo kudashobora kwirwanaho
• Abafite amateka yabo bwite cyangwa y’umuryango y’indwara yo gufatwa n’ibihungabanyo
• Abantu bafite allergie ikomeye ku matungo y’inkoko (nubwo ibi bitagihangayikishije cyane nkuko byatekerezwaga mbere)
• Abantu bafata imiti imwe n’imwe nka steroid
• Abafite igituntu cyangwa izindi ndwara zikora

Niba uri mu cyiciro icyo aricyo cyose muri ibi, muganga wawe azasuzuma ibyago n’inyungu kugirango amenye uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ku kibazo cyawe cyihariye.

Amazina y’ubwoko bw’urukingo rwa virusi ya Rubella

Urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella ruboneka mu mazina menshi y’ubwoko, nubwo akenshi rutangwa nk’igice cy’inkingo zivanzemo. Amazina y’ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane arimo M-M-R II (ikubiyemo rubella, mumps, na rubella) na ProQuad (ikubiyemo rubella, mumps, rubella, na varicella).

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ushobora guhabwa urukingo rwa rubella rwo gusa, nubwo ibi bidakunze gukorwa mu buryo busanzwe. Umuganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bukwiye bushingiye ku myaka yawe, uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, n’inkingo ukeneye.

Ubwo bwoko bwose bwemewe na FDA bw’urukingo rwa rubella burimo ubwoko bumwe bwa virusi ya rubella yagabanyijwe imbaraga kandi bitanga uburinzi bungana. Guhitamo uruganda bikunze guterwa n'ibiboneka mu kigo cyawe cy'ubuvuzi niba ukeneye kurengerwa n'izindi ndwara icyarimwe.

Izindi nkingo zishobora gusimbura urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella

Kugeza ubu, nta zindi nkingo zishobora gusimbura urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella mu kurinda rubella. Inkingo zituma virusi itagira ubushobozi (zishwe) zakoreshejwe mu myaka ya za 1960 ariko byagaragaye ko zitagira umumaro kandi rimwe na rimwe zatezaga ibibazo bikomeye iyo abantu bakingiwe bahuye na virusi ya rubella y’inkazi.

Urukingo rwa virusi yagabanyijwe imbaraga rukomeza kuba urukingo rwiza kuko rutanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye kandi burambye. Ku bantu batabasha guhabwa urukingo rwa virusi kubera impamvu z’ubuvuzi zitabemerera, igisubizo nyamukuru ni immun globulin, itanga ubudahangarwa bw'agateganyo ariko igomba gutangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 6 nyuma yo guhura na virusi kugira ngo igire akamaro.

Abantu bamwe bibaza ku budahangarwa karemano buturuka ku kuba bararwaye rubella, butanga uburinzi burambye. Ariko, kwandura rubella karemano bifite ibyago bikomeye by’ingorane zikomeye, harimo umusonga, kubyimba ubwonko, no gupfa, bituma urukingo ruba uburyo bwiza cyane.

Ese urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella ruruta ubudahangarwa karemano?

Nubwo ubudahangarwa karemano buturuka ku kuba wararwaye rubella butanga uburinzi burambye, urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella ni rwo rwiza cyane kuruta kurwara iyo ndwara. Kwandura rubella karemano bifite ibyago bikomeye urukingo rutagira.

Rubella ubwayo ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye zirimo umusonga, kubyimba ubwonko, ndetse no gupfa. Nka 1 kuri 4 mu bantu barwara rubella bazajyanwa mu bitaro, kandi 1-2 kuri 1,000 bazapfa bazize iyo ndwara. Ku rundi ruhande, urukingo rutera ingorane zikomeye ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri miliyoni imwe y'inkingo.

Uburyo umubiri wiyubaka nyuma yo gukingirwa nawo ni bukomeye kandi buramba, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubwirinzi bumara imyaka myinshi. Nubwo hari abantu bashobora gukenera urundi rukingo nyuma y'igihe runaka, ubusanzwe ubwirinzi buba bwiza cyane kandi ntibuzana ibyago bijyana no kwandura indwara mu buryo busanzwe.

Mu rwego rw'ubuzima rusange, gukingira abantu benshi ni byiza cyane kuruta kwishingikiriza ku buryo umubiri wiyubaka wenyine kuko bituma indwara itakwirakwira mu baturage kandi bikarinda abantu bafite ibibazo bituma batabasha gukingirwa.

Ibikunze Kubazwa ku Rukingo rwa Virus ya Rubella

Ese urukingo rwa Virus ya Rubella rwemerera abantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella rusanzwe rwemerera abantu barwaye diyabete. Kurwara diyabete ntibibuza guhabwa uru rukingo, ndetse abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingaruka ziterwa na rubella, bityo gukingirwa bikaba ari ingenzi cyane.

Ariko, niba diyabete yawe itagenzurwa neza cyangwa niba ufite ibibazo byangiza ubudahangarwa bwawe, muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kunoza imicungire ya diyabete yawe mbere yo gukingirwa. Abantu barwaye diyabete bagomba kuganira n'abaganga babo ku bijyanye n'uko bakwiriye gukingirwa kugira ngo bamenye igihe cyiza cyo gukingirwa.

Ninkora iki niba mbonye urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella rwinshi ku buryo butunguranye?

Biragoye cyane kubona urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella rwinshi ku buryo butunguranye kuko rutangwa nk'urukingo rumwe n'umuganga. Ariko, niba ufite impungenge ko ushobora kuba warabonye urukingo rurenze urwo wari ukwiriye cyangwa niba hari urujijo ku mateka yawe yo gukingirwa, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya.

Kubona urukingo rurenze urwo wari ukwiriye ubusanzwe ntibitera ingaruka zikomeye, ariko bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ingaruka nk'umuriro, amabara ku ruhu, cyangwa kubabara ahantu hakorewe inshinge. Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze akagukurikiranira ingaruka zose zikomeye.

Bika neza amakuru y'inkingo zawe kugira ngo wirinde urujijo mu gihe kizaza, kandi ujye umenyesha abaganga amateka yose y'inkingo zawe mbere yo guterwa urushinge urwo arirwo rwose.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella?

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mucikwa urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella ruteganyijwe, ntugire impungenge – uracyashobora guhabwa urukingo kandi ukagira uburinzi bwuzuye. Vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo utegure urukingo rwatanzwe vuba bishoboka.

Ku rukingo rw'ibice bibiri, ntugomba gutangira bundi bushya niba wacikwa igice cya kabiri. Ujye gusa guhabwa igice cya kabiri igihe kiboneye, igihe cyose kitarenze iminsi 28 nyuma y'igice cya mbere. Nta gihe ntarengwa kiri hagati y'ibice, bityo n'iyo hashize amezi cyangwa imyaka, uracyashobora kurangiza urukingo.

Niba utazi neza amateka y'inkingo zawe, ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kureba ubudahangarwa bwa rubella. Niba udafite ubudahangarwa, urashobora guhabwa urukingo hatitawe ku myaka yawe cyangwa igihe gishize kuva ku bindi bice byose byabanje.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella?

Urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella rutangwa mu buryo busanzwe nk'urukingo rw'ibice bibiri mu gihe cy'ubwana, kandi abantu benshi ntibakeneye ibindi bice mu buzima bwabo bwose. Igihe urangije urukingo rwateganijwe, muri rusange ugira uburinzi bw'ubuzima bwose ku rubella.

Ariko, abantu bakuru bamwe bashobora gukenera ibindi bice niba bari mu bihe by'akaga, nk'urugero urugendo mu turere turimo icyorezo cya rubella cyangwa gukora mu bigo by'ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba kongera urukingo niba ibizamini by'amaraso byerekana ko ubudahangarwa bwawe bwagabanutse uko imyaka yicuma.

Bitandukanye n'imiti ufata buri gihe, urukingo rwa rubella rutanga ubudahangarwa burambye butasaba ibice bikomeza ku bantu benshi. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukeneye ibindi bice bitewe n'imimerere yawe bwite n'ibintu by'akaga.

Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Oya, ntugomba guhabwa urukingo rwa virusi ya rubella igihe utwite kuko irimo virusi nzima ishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana ukiri mu nda. Niba utwite kandi utarikingije rubella, ugomba gutegereza kugeza umaze kubyara kugira ngo wikingize.

Ariko, niba uteganya gutwita kandi utarikingije rubella, ni ngombwa kwikingiza byibuze ukwezi kumwe mbere yo kugerageza gutwita. Iki gihe gituma umubiri wawe wikingiza kandi ukemeza ko urukingo rwavuye mu mubiri wawe rwose mbere yo gutwita.

Niba uri konjesha, urashobora kwikingiza rubella mu buryo bwizewe. Urukingo ntiruzagira ingaruka ku mwana wawe binyuze mu mata y'ibere, kandi rwuzatanga uburinzi bumwe ku mwana wawe binyuze mu nkorora ziri mu mata yawe y'ibere.