Icyo Mechlorethamine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwa dose, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Mechlorethamine ni umuti wa chemotherapy ukoreshwa mu kuvura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri, harimo lymphoma na leukemia. Uyu muti ukomeye ukora uhungabanya imikurire n'igabana ry'uturemangingo twa kanseri, ugufasha kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika ikwirakwizwa ry'uturemangingo twangiza mu mubiri wawe. Nubwo ari umuti ukomeye ufite ingaruka zikomeye, gusobanukirwa uko ikora n'icyo witegura birashobora kugufasha kumva witeguye neza urugendo rwawe rw'ubuvuzi.

Mechlorethamine ni iki?

Mechlorethamine ni mu cyiciro cy'imiti ya chemotherapy yitwa alkylating agents. Iyi miti ikora yangiza DNA imbere mu turemangingo twa kanseri, ibabuza kwiyongera no gukwirakwira mu mubiri wawe. Ni umwe mu miti ya kera ya chemotherapy, yabanje gukorwa mu myaka ya 1940, ariko ikomeza kuba uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ubwoko bwihariye bwa kanseri y'amaraso.

Uyu muti utangwa binyuze mu murongo wa intravenous (IV), bivuze ko utangwa mu maraso yawe unyuze mu muyoboro w'imitsi. Ubu buryo butuma umuti ugera ku turemangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri wawe vuba kandi neza. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizagusuzuma neza mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma y'ubuvuzi bwose kugirango umutekano wawe n'umutuzo byizwe.

Mechlorethamine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Mechlorethamine ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura Hodgkin's lymphoma n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Akenshi ni igice cy'ubuvuzi bwa chemotherapy buhuriweho, bivuze ko uzayihabwa hamwe n'indi miti irwanya kanseri kugirango yongere imikorere yayo. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri ashobora no kuyandika ku zindi kanseri z'amaraso cyangwa ibibyimba bikomeye mu bihe byihariye.

Uyu muti ufitiye akamaro kanini iyo kanseri yafashe ahantu henshi mu mubiri wawe cyangwa iyo izindi nshingano zitagize icyo zigeraho. Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga bakoresha mechlorethamine nk'igice cy'inzira yo kwitegura mbere yo gukora imvura y'amagufa cyangwa kwimura selile z'umubiri. Muri ibi bihe, bifasha umubiri wawe kwitegura mugihe bigabanya umubare wa selile za kanseri kandi bigatuma haboneka umwanya wo gukura kwa selile nshya zifite ubuzima.

Mecchlorethamine ikora ite?

Mechlorethamine ifatwa nk'umuti ukomeye wa chemotherapy ugamije selile zigenda zigabanywa vuba. Ikora mugihe ikora imikoranire ya kemikali na DNA imbere muri selile za kanseri ndetse na selile zimwe na zimwe zifite ubuzima, ibabuza kwigana neza. Iyo selile itashoboye kugabanywa uko bisanzwe, amaherezo irapfa, ibi bifasha kugabanya umubare wa selile za kanseri mu mubiri wawe.

Kubera ko selile za kanseri zigabanywa kenshi kurusha selile nyinshi zifite ubuzima, zirahungabana cyane n'ingaruka z'uyu muti. Ariko, selile zimwe na zimwe zifite ubuzima zigabanywa vuba, nkizo ziri mu mvura y'amagufa yawe, imisatsi, n'inzira yo mu gifu, zishobora no kugirwaho ingaruka. Ibi nibyo bituma ushobora guhura n'ingaruka zimwe na zimwe mugihe cy'ubuvuzi, izo ikipe y'ubuzima izagufasha gucunga.

Nkwiriye gufata mechlorethamine nte?

Uzahabwa mechlorethamine nk'urushinge rwo mu maraso mu bitaro cyangwa ikigo kivura kanseri. Uyu muti utangwa buhoro buhoro binyuze mu murongo wa IV, akenshi mu minota 10 kugeza kuri 15, ukurikiranwa n'abaganga. Ikipe yawe y'ubuzima izagukurikiranira hafi mugihe cyose kugirango yemeze umutekano wawe n'ihumure.

Mbere ya buri buvuzi, uzakenera gukora ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango urebe umubare wa selile z'amaraso n'imikorere y'ingingo. Ni ngombwa kugera aho uri neza, bityo unywe amazi menshi umunsi mbere y'ubuvuzi bwawe n'igitondo cyabwo keretse muganga wawe abiguhayeho inama zitandukanye. Ushobora kandi guhabwa imiti mbere yo kuvurwa kugirango ifashe kwirinda isesemi n'imyitwarire y'ubwivumbagatanye.

Igihe cyo kuvurwa kwawe gishingiye ku gahunda yawe yihariye yo kuvura, ariko ibihe byo kuvura mubisanzwe biba bifite intera ya 3 kugeza kuri 4 mu byumweru. Ibi bituma umubiri wawe ufata umwanya wo koroherwa hagati y'imiti. Umuganga wawe w'indwara z'umwijima azagena gahunda nyayo ishingiye ku buzima bwawe, uko urimo witwara neza ku buvuzi, n'uko umubiri wawe urimo ufata imiti.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Gite Ndafashe Mechlorethamine?

Igihe cyo kuvurwa kwawe na mechlorethamine gishingiye ku bintu bitandukanye, harimo ubwoko n'icyiciro cya kanseri yawe, uko urimo witwara neza ku buvuzi, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi barayihabwa mu gihe cy'amezi menshi nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi bwateguwe, mubisanzwe bugizwe n'ibice 4 kugeza kuri 6 bya chimiothérapie.

Umuganga wawe w'indwara z'umwijima azagenzura buri gihe uko urimo utera imbere binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso, ibizamini by'amashusho, n'ibizamini by'umubiri. Niba kanseri irimo yitwara neza kandi urimo wihanganira imiti nta ngorane zikomeye, birashoboka ko uzarangiza gahunda yose yateguwe. Ariko, niba ingaruka zikomeye zigaragaye cyangwa kanseri ititwara nkuko byitezwe, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata mechlorethamine cyangwa ukabura imiti yateganyijwe utabanje kubiganiraho n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi. N'iyo wumva utameze neza, hari uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe mu gihe ukomeza kuvurwa. Umuganga wawe w'indwara z'umwijima ashobora guhindura urugero rwawe cyangwa gahunda niba bibaye ngombwa kugirango agufashe kurangiza uburyo bwawe bwose bwo kuvura mu buryo bwizewe.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Zituruka kuri Mechlorethamine?

Gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishobora guterwa na mechlorethamine birashobora kugufasha kwitegura no kumenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi. Nubwo atari buri wese ubona ingaruka zose, ni ngombwa kumenya ibishobora kubaho kugirango ubone ubufasha vuba na bwangu igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Ibyo byiyumvo bikunze kubaho harimo isesemi, kuruka, no gucika intege. Ibi bikunze kubaho mu masaha cyangwa iminsi nyuma yo kuvurwa kandi akenshi bikagenda mbere y'urundi ruzunguruko rwawe. Itsinda ryawe rishinzwe ubuzima rizatanga imiti n'uburyo bwo gufasha gucunga ibi bimenyetso neza.

Dore ibimenyetso bikunze gutangazwa ko abantu benshi bahura nabyo:

• Isememi no kuruka, bishobora gucungwa n'imiti igabanya isesemi
• Gucika intege no kunanirwa bishobora kumara iminsi myinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya no guhinduka kw'uburyohe
• Kutakaza umusatsi, akenshi biba by'igihe gito kandi bitangira nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa
• Ibisebe mu kanwa cyangwa kuribwa mu muhogo
• Impiswi cyangwa guhagarara kw'amara
• Kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara bitewe n'umubare muto w'uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso

Ibi bimenyetso birashobora gucungwa n'ubufasha bukwiye, kandi itsinda ryawe rishinzwe ubuzima rizakorana nawe kugirango rigabanye ingaruka zabyo ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ibindi bimenyetso bitamenyerewe ariko bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihuse. Nubwo ibi bitabaho ku bantu benshi, ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso byo kuburira kugirango ushobore guhabwa ubufasha vuba niba bibaye.

Vugana n'itsinda ryawe rishinzwe ubuzima ako kanya niba uhuye n'ibi bimenyetso bikomeye:

• Urubavu rurenze 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura
• Gushirira amaraso cyangwa gukomereka bidasanzwe
• Isememi rikomeye cyangwa rihoraho no kuruka
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Uruhu rukomeye cyangwa amabara
• Umuhondo w'uruhu cyangwa amaso
• Uburibwe bukomeye mu nda

Itsinda ryawe rishinzwe ubuzima rifite uburambe mu gucunga ibi bimenyetso kandi rizagutanga amabwiriza arambuye yo kumenya igihe cyo guhamagara ubufasha n'ibimenyetso byo kwitondera.

Hariho kandi ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zidakunze kubaho ariko zishobora kuba zikomeye mu gihe kirekire, izo muganga wawe w’indwara z’umwijima azakurikiranira hafi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma yacyo. Izi ngaruka zirimo kanseri ya kabiri, ishobora kwaduka nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, n’ingaruka zishobora kugira ku mutima wawe, ibihaha, cyangwa umwijima. Ibyo guhura na muganga buri gihe bizafasha kumenya ibibazo byose hakiri kare igihe byoroshye kuvura.

Ninde utagomba gufata Mechlorethamine?

Abantu bamwe na bamwe ntibagomba guhabwa mechlorethamine cyangwa bashobora gukenera ingamba zidasanzwe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Muganga wawe w’indwara z’umwijima azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y’ubuzima n’ubuzima bwawe bw’ubu mbere yo kugena uyu muti kugira ngo yemeze ko ari mwiza kuri wowe.

Ntugomba guhabwa mechlorethamine niba ufite allergie izwi ku muti cyangwa imiti isa nawo ya chimiothérapie. Abantu bafite imikorere mibi ikomeye y’umushongi w’amagufa cyangwa indwara zikomeye zishobora kandi gukenera kwirinda ubu buvuzi kugeza igihe ubuzima bwabo buzaba bwitezwe imbere. Byongeye kandi, niba ufite indwara ikomeye y’impyiko cyangwa umwijima, muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo ubundi buvuzi cyangwa guhindura urugero rwawe neza.

Abagore batwite ntibagomba guhabwa mechlorethamine kuko ishobora kwangiza umwana ukura. Niba uri mu gihe cyo kubyara, ikipe yawe y’ubuzima izaganira ku buryo bwo kuboneza urubyaro mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa. Ababyeyi bonka bazakenera kandi guhagarika konka mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, kuko umuti ushobora kwinjira mu mata y’ibere.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umutima, indwara ikomeye y’ibihaha, cyangwa imikorere mibi y’ubudahangarwa bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa byihariye cyangwa guhindura urugero. Muganga wawe w’indwara z’umwijima azagereranya inyungu zo kuvurwa n’ibishobora kuba byatera ibibazo muri ibyo bihe, akenshi agisha inama abandi bahanga kugira ngo yemeze umutekano wawe.

Amazina y’ubwoko bwa Mechlorethamine

Mechlorethamine iboneka munsi y’izina ry’ubwoko rya Mustargen mu bihugu byinshi. Iri ni ryo zina ry’ubwoko rizwi cyane ry’uyu muti, nubwo ubwoko bwa generic bushobora kuboneka bitewe n’aho uherereye n’uburyo bwawe bw’ubuzima.

Ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo kuvura bishobora kubyita izina ryacyo rya shimi, isanze ya azote, cyangwa bakabishyira mu buryo bwo kuvura kanseri bishyirwa hamwe n'amazina yihariye nka MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, na prednisone). Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizasobanura buri gihe imiti urimo guhabwa n'amazina yayo yihariye kugira ngo wirinde urujijo urwo arirwo rwose.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Mechlorethamine

Imiti myinshi isimbura ya kanseri ishobora gukoreshwa mu mwanya wa mechlorethamine, bitewe n'ubwoko bwawe bwihariye bwa kanseri n'imimerere yawe bwite. Izi nzira zisimburana zirimo izindi ntumwa zikora nka cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, cyangwa bendamustine, zikora kimwe ariko zishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye.

Kubera lymphoma ya Hodgkin, uburyo bushya nka ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, na dacarbazine) cyangwa BEACOPP yongereweho bushobora gukundwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu by'indwara z'umutima azatekereza ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, ubuzima muri rusange, icyiciro cya kanseri, n'imiti yakoreshejwe mbere mugihe atoranya uburyo bukwiye cyane kuri wowe.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, imiti igamije, imiti y'umubiri, cyangwa imiti ikoresha imirasire bishobora gutekerezwa nk'inzira zisimburana cyangwa zongerwa ku miti ya kanseri. Izi myanzuro ni iy'umuntu ku giti cye kandi ishingiye ku bushakashatsi buheruka n'amabwiriza yo kuvura indwara yawe yihariye.

Ese Mechlorethamine iruta izindi miti ya kanseri?

Mechlorethamine ntabwo ari ngombwa ko "iruta" izindi miti ya kanseri, ahubwo ikora nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu kuvura ubwoko bwihariye bwa kanseri. Uburyo ikora biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ubwoko n'icyiciro cya kanseri yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uburyo wihanganira umuti.

Ku mitsi imwe na imwe ya kanseri y'amaraso, mechlorethamine imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa neza, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe n'indi miti. Ariko, imiti mishya ya kanseri ishobora gukundwa ku barwayi benshi kubera imikorere myiza cyangwa ingaruka zoroheje. Muganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri azahitamo uburyo bwo kuvura buzaguha amahirwe meza yo gukira mugihe ugabanya ibyago.

Umuti mwiza wa kanseri buri gihe ni uwo ukwiriye neza uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Iyi myanzuro irimo gusuzuma ubwoko bwa kanseri yawe, icyiciro cyayo, imiti wakoresheje mbere, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'ibyo ukunda. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga bazagusobanurira impamvu bagusaba mechlorethamine n'uko ihura n'izindi nzira zishoboka ku kibazo cyawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri Mechlorethamine

Ese Mechlorethamine irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima rimwe na rimwe bashobora guhabwa mechlorethamine, ariko bakeneye gukurikiranwa no kwitabwaho by'umwihariko. Muganga wawe w'umutima n'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri bazakorana kugirango basuzume imikorere y'umutima wawe mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa no kugukurikirana neza muri ubu buryo.

Niba ufite ibibazo byoroheje by'umutima, abaganga bawe bashobora guhindura urugero rw'umuti cyangwa gutegura ibizamini byinshi byo gukurikirana umutima. Ku bantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima, izindi nzira zishobora gutekerezwa. Icyemezo gishingiye ku gupima inyungu zo kuvura kanseri n'ibyago bishobora kwangiza ubuzima bw'umutima wawe.

Nigomba gukora iki niba mbonye mechlorethamine nyinshi bitunguranye?

Kurenza urugero rwa mechlorethamine ni gake cyane kuko buri gihe itangwa n'abakozi b'ubuzima babihuguriwe mu bigo by'ubuvuzi bigenzurwa. Niba ucyeka ko wakiriye umuti mwinshi, bwire itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima ako kanya kugirango bakugenzure neza kandi baguhe ubufasha niba bikenewe.

Ibimenyetso byo guhabwa imiti myinshi bishobora kuba harimo isesemi ikabije, kuruka, cyangwa umunaniro udasanzwe. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana imibare y'amaraso yawe kenshi kandi rishobora gutanga imiti yinyongera kugirango ifashe kurengera ingingo zawe no gucunga ingaruka zose zigaragara.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa Mechlorethamine?

Niba ucikanwe no kuvurwa na mechlorethamine, vugana n'ibiro bya oncologue yawe vuba bishoboka kugirango usubize gahunda. Ntukagerageze "gufata" ukoresheje imiti yinyongera nyuma, kuko ibi bishobora kuba byateza akaga kandi ntabwo ariko imiti ya kanseri ikora.

Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rizagena uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiza ubuvuzi bwawe kuri gahunda. Rimwe na rimwe ibi bivuze gusa kwimura gahunda yawe ikurikira iminsi mike, mugihe izindi nshuro bashobora gukenera guhindura gahunda yawe yose yo kuvura. Ikintu cyingenzi nuko uvugana nitsinda ryawe kugirango bashobore gukomeza kuvura kwawe neza uko bishoboka.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Mechlorethamine?

Wagombye guhagarika mechlorethamine gusa mugihe oncologue yawe yemeje ko bikwiye kubikora. Iyi myanzuro ishingiye kuburyo kanseri yawe isubiza neza ku buvuzi, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, niba urimo guhura ningaruka zishobora gucungwa.

Abantu benshi barangiza inzira yabo yateguwe yo kuvura, akenshi ikubiyemo ibizunguruka byinshi muminsi mike. Ariko, niba ingaruka zikomeye zigaragaye cyangwa kanseri yawe ititabira nkuko byitezwe, muganga wawe ashobora gusaba guhagarika kare no guhindurira kubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Buri gihe ganira impungenge zose zijyanye no gukomeza kuvura nitsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima aho gufata uyu mwanzuro wenyine.

Nshobora gukora niba ntagihabwa Mechlorethamine?

Abantu benshi barashobora gukomeza gukora bakiri kubona mechlorethamine, nubwo ushobora gukenera gukora impinduka muri gahunda yawe. Imiti ikunze gutangwa buri byumweru 3-4, kandi ingaruka zirimo umunaniro no kuruka akenshi zikomeye cyane muminsi micye ya mbere nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Tekereza gutegura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa ukurikije imirimo yawe mugihe bishoboka, kandi uvugane n'umukoresha wawe kubyerekeye gahunda zihinduka niba bikwiye. Abantu bamwe basanga bifasha gutegura imiti kumunsi wo kuwa gatanu kugirango baruhuke mu mpera zicyumweru, mugihe abandi bakunda igihe gitandukanye ukurikije uburyo bwabo bwite bwo kwitwara kwimiti.