Urushinge rwa Meningococcal: Ibikoreshwa, Uburyo bwo gukoresha, Ingaruka ziterwa n'urushinge n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa meningococcal rukurinda indwara ya meningococcal, indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri ishobora gutera meningitis n'indwara ziterwa n'amaraso. Uru rushinge ni kimwe mu bikoresho byiza dufite byo gukumira izi ndwara zishobora kwica, kandi bikunze gusabwa ku rubyiruko, abanyeshuri ba kaminuza, n'abantu bafite ibyago byinshi.

Mbese urushinge rwa Meningococcal ni iki?

Urushinge rwa meningococcal ni urushinge rukingira rufasha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya bagiteri ya meningococcal. Izi bagiteri zishobora gutera meningitis, ari ukubyimba kw'imvubura zikingira ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo, ndetse na septicemia, indwara ikomeye y'amaraso.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw'urushinge rwa meningococcal, buri kimwe kirinda ubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri. Ibyo bikunze gukoreshwa birinda serogroups A, C, W, na Y (byitwa MenACWY), mugihe ikindi kirinda serogroup B (yitwa MenB). Umuganga wawe azagusaba ubwoko bukugirira akamaro.

Urushinge rwa Meningococcal rukoreshwa kubera iki?

Uru rushinge rurinda indwara ya meningococcal, ishobora kuza mu buryo butunguranye kandi igakwira vuba. Bagiteri itera iyi ndwara iba mu mazuru yawe no mu muhogo, kandi nubwo abantu benshi bazitwara batarwara, rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwinjira mu maraso yawe cyangwa mu mazi akikije ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo.

Uru rushinge ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku rubyiruko n'abantu bakuru kuko bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya meningococcal. Abanyeshuri ba kaminuza batangiye umwaka wa mbere baba mu macumbi, abinjira mu gisirikare, n'abantu bajya mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi aho iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka na bo bungukirwa cyane no gukingirwa.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zica intege ubudahangarwa bwabo, nk'abantu badafite urwagashya rukora neza cyangwa bafite ubumuga bwo guhuza, bakeneye uru rukingo kugira ngo babone uburinzi bwihariye. Abakozi bo mu buvuzi n'abakozi bo mu laboratori bashobora guhura na mikorobe nabo bahabwa uru rukingo nk'inzira yo kwirinda.

Urukingo rwa Meningococcal rukora gute?

Urukingo rwa meningococcal rukora mu kwigisha umubiri wawe ubudahangarwa kumenya no kurwanya mikorobe ya meningococcal mbere yuko zishobora gutera indwara. Ikubiyemo ibice bya mikorobe cyangwa verisiyo zicogoye zitashobora gutera indwara ariko zigatera uburyo umubiri wawe wihagararaho.

Umaze guhabwa urukingo, umubiri wawe ubudahangarwa ukora imisemburo yagenewe kurwanya mikorobe ya meningococcal. Iyi nzira ifata ibyumweru bibiri, nyuma yaho uzagira uburinzi bukomeye ku ndwara. Urukingo rufatwa nk'urufite akamaro kanini, rukabuza hagati ya 85-100% by'ibyabaye bitewe n'ubwoko bwihariye.

Uru ni urukingo rukomeye kandi rwizewe rutanga uburinzi burambye. Abantu benshi baruhabwa bagira ubudahangarwa bumara imyaka myinshi, nubwo bamwe bashobora gukenera inkingo zongera gukingirwa bitewe n'ibintu bibatera ibyago n'imyaka bafite igihe bahawe urukingo rwa mbere.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa Meningococcal nte?

Urukingo rwa meningococcal rutangwa nk'urushinge, haba mu gice cy'umubiri cyo hejuru cy'ukuboko (intramuscular) cyangwa munsi y'uruhu (subcutaneous). Akenshi, abaganga barutanga nk'urushinge rwa intramuscular, rukunda kugira akamaro kanini kandi rugatera ibisubizo bike byaho.

Nta kintu na kimwe ugomba gukora kugira ngo witegure urukingo - nta gusiba cyangwa ibyo kurya bikenewe. Ariko, birafasha kwambara ishati ifite amaboko yoroshye ashobora kuzunguruka byoroshye. Niba wumva utameze neza ufite umuriro, biruta gutegereza kugeza wumva umeze neza mbere yo gukingirwa.

Umutsima ubwawo ufata amasegonda make, kandi mubisanzwe uzategereza mu ivuriro iminota 15-20 nyuma yo guterwa urukingo kugira ngo wemeze ko nta ngaruka zihutiyeho ufite. Iki gihe cyo gutegereza ni ingamba zisanzwe zifatwa kuri inkingo nyinshi kandi bifasha kwemeza umutekano wawe.

Abantu bamwe baterwa urukingo mu gice cy'ikibero aho gutera mu kuboko, cyane cyane abana bato n'abana. Aho guterwa ntigira icyo rihindura ku buryo urukingo rukora - ni ukureba icyo cyoroshye kandi gikwiriye imyaka yawe n'ubunini bw'umubiri wawe.

Nzagiterwa urukingo rwa meningococcal ryari?

Urukingo rwa meningococcal si ikintu ufata buri munsi nk'umuti wa buri munsi. Ahubwo, rutangwa nk'urukurikirane rw'urukingo rumwe cyangwa rurenzeho bitewe n'imyaka yawe n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga.

Urubyiruko rwinshi ruhabwa urukingo rumwe rufite imyaka 11-12 n'urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga rufite imyaka 16. Ibi byemeza ko barinzwe mu myaka ifite ibyago byinshi. Niba urimo guhabwa urukingo rwawe rwa mbere uri umwangavu mukuru, ushobora gukenera urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga niba ukiri mu kaga gakomeye.

Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, nk'abafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ubudahangarwa, gahunda yo gukingira irashobora kuba itandukanye. Abantu bamwe bakeneye urukingo buri myaka mike kugira ngo bakomeze kurindwa, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera urukingo rwinshi rw'ubwoko butandukanye bw'inkingo za meningococcal.

Abanyeshuri ba kaminuza bahawe urukingo rwabo rwa nyuma mbere y'imyaka 16 bagomba guhabwa urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga mbere yo gutangira kaminuza, cyane cyane niba bazaba mu macumbi. Umuganga wawe azagufasha kumenya gahunda ikwiriye kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa meningococcal?

Abantu benshi bahabwa urukingo rwa meningococcal bahura n'ingaruka zoroheje gusa, niba hari izihari. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bibaho nyuma yo guterwa urukingo kandi bikemuka byonyine mu minsi mike.

Dore ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo, kandi ni ibisanzwe rwose kugira zimwe muri izi ngaruka uko umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa:

• Urubabare, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urushinge
• Urubavu ruto cyangwa kumva utameze neza
• Umutwe cyangwa kubabara imitsi
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa urakaye
• Isesemi rito cyangwa kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bikunze kumara iminsi 1-2 kandi ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe ukora neza ku rukingo. Urashobora gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare itagurishwa ku gasoko kandi ugashyira akantu gakonje, gatose ahatewe urushinge kugirango wumve neza.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane ariko zirashobora kwerekanwa no kwibasirwa bikomeye. Ibi bikunze kubaho mumunota muke nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo, niyo mpamvu abaganga bakugereza muri kliniki nyuma yo guterwa urushinge. Ibimenyetso byerekana ko hari ikibazo gikomeye harimo guhumeka nabi, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, cyangwa isereri rikomeye.

Abantu bamwe bagira isereri nyuma yo gukingirwa, cyane cyane urubyiruko. Ibi ntibiteje akaga kandi ntibisobanura ko urukingo ruteye akaga - akenshi bifitanye isano no guhangayika kubera inshinge cyangwa guhagarara igihe kirekire. Abaganga barabyiteguye kandi bazagufasha nibibaho.

Ninde utagomba gufata urukingo rwa meningococcal?

Nubwo urukingo rwa meningococcal rufitiye abantu benshi umutekano, hariho ibintu byihariye ugomba gutinda cyangwa kwirinda gukingirwa. Ikintu cyingenzi ni uko waba waragize kwibasirwa gukomeye kubera urukingo rwa meningococcal rwakubayeho mbere cyangwa ibintu byose birugize.

Niba urwaye ubu indwara yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye, cyane cyane niba ufite umuriro, biruta gutegereza kugeza wumva umeze neza mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi ntibisobanura ko udashobora guhabwa urukingo rwose - ahubwo igihe ni ingenzi kugirango wumve neza kandi urukingo rugire akamaro.

Abantu bafite uburwayi bukomeye bw'umubiri ntibashobora gusubiza neza urukingo, nubwo benshi bashobora kurwakira neza. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma uko umeze neza kandi yemeze niba gukingirwa bikwiriye kuri wowe.

Abagore batwite bashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa meningococcal niba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara meningococcal, ariko icyemezo kigomba gufatwa neza n'umuganga wabo. Urukingo ntirurakorwaho ubushakashatsi bwinshi mu gihe cyo gutwita, nubwo nta mpungenge z'umutekano zagaragajwe.

Amazina y'Urukingo rwa Meningococcal

Urukingo rwa meningococcal rutandukanye rurahari, buri kimwe gifite amazina yacyo. Urukingo rwa MenACWY rurimo Menactra na Menveo, byombi bikarinda serogroups A, C, W, na Y.

Kugirango wirinde serogroup B, urukingo rurahari ni Bexsero na Trumenba. Izi ni inkingo nshya zibanda cyane kuri B, yateje ibyorezo byinshi ku mashuri makuru mu myaka yashize.

Umuganga wawe azahitamo urukingo rukwiye cyane bitewe n'imyaka yawe, ibyago, n'ubwoko bwa virusi ukeneye kurindwa. Rimwe na rimwe urashobora guhabwa inkingo zitandukanye ziva mu nganda zitandukanye mu bihe bitandukanye, ibyo ni byiza kandi bikora neza.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza urukingo rwa Meningococcal

Ntabwo rwose hari ubundi buryo bwo gusimbuza urukingo rwa meningococcal mugihe cyo kwirinda indwara ya meningococcal. Imiti yica mikorobe irashobora kuvura indwara iyo ibayeho, ariko ntishobora kuyirinda, kandi indwara ya meningococcal ikwirakwira vuba cyane ku buryo kwirinda binyuze mu gukingira biruta cyane kuvura.

Abantu bamwe bibaza ku birebana n'ubudahangarwa karemano, ariko indwara ya meningococcal irakomeye cyane kandi ishobora kwica ku buryo kwishingikiriza ku kwandura karemano kugirango ubudahangarwa ntibishoboka. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bwizewe cyane nta ngaruka zifitanye isano nindwara nyayo.

Kubantu badashobora rwose guhabwa urukingo kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi, kwirinda ibihe byinshi by'ibyago nk'ubuzima bwo guturana bishobora kugabanya gato ibyago, ariko iyi ntabwo ari gahunda yo kwirinda ifatika cyangwa yizewe kubantu benshi.

Mbese urukingo rwa meningococcal ruruta urukingo rwa pneumococcal?

Urukingo rwa meningococcal n'urukingo rwa pneumococcal birinda amoko atandukanye ya bagiteri, bityo ntibigereranywa mu bijyanye no kuba "rwiza" kurusha urundi. Byombi ni inkingo z'ingenzi zirinda indwara zikomeye.

Urukingo rwa pneumococcal rurinda bagiteri ya pneumococcal, akenshi itera umusonga, indwara zo mu matwi, rimwe na rimwe ikaba na meningite. Urukingo rwa meningococcal rurinda by'umwihariko bagiteri ya meningococcal, akenshi itera meningite n'indwara ziterwa n'amaraso.

Abantu benshi bakeneye izo nkingo zombi kuko zirinda indwara zitandukanye. Umuganga wawe azagusaba inkingo ukeneye bitewe n'imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe, n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga. Zombi zifite akamaro kanini mu kurinda indwara zazo.

Igihe n'uburyo izo nkingo zitangwa biratandukanye kandi. Inkingo za pneumococcal akenshi zitangwa ku bana bato n'abantu bakuze, naho inkingo za meningococcal akenshi zitangwa ku rubyiruko n'abantu bakuru, nubwo zombi zishobora gutangwa mu myaka itandukanye bitewe n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa meningococcal

Q1. Mbese urukingo rwa meningococcal rufitiye umutekano abarwayi ba diyabete?

Yego, urukingo rwa meningococcal rufitiye umutekano abarwayi ba diyabete. Mubyukuri, abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe, bityo gukingirwa ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo bagire ubuzima bwiza.

Diyabete ntigira icyo itwara ku buryo urukingo rukora neza, kandi urukingo ntirugira icyo rutwara ku isukari yo mu maraso. Urashobora guhabwa urukingo igihe icyo aricyo cyose hatitawe ku rugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso yawe, nubwo wenda wumva utameze neza bitewe na diyabete itagenzurwa neza, ushobora gutegereza kugeza wumva umeze neza.

Q2. Nzakora iki niba mbonye doze nyinshi za meningococcal ku buryo butunguranye?

Niba wagizeho urukingo rurenze urwo wari ukwiye guhabwa rw'indwara ya meningococcal, ntugire impungenge - ibyo ntibiteje akaga. Inkingo zirenga urugero ntizitera ingaruka mbi uretse gushobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ingaruka nto nk'ububabare ahantu urukingo rwatangiwe.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo abamenyeshe ibyabaye kugira ngo ashobore kuvugurura amakuru y'inkingo zawe. Bazagufasha kumenya gahunda ikwiye yo gukomeza kandi bazemeza ko utahabwa inkingo zidasobanutse.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ntasibye urukingo rwa meningococcal rwari ruteganyijwe?

Niba wasibye urukingo rwa meningococcal rwari ruteganyijwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo uteganye urukingo vuba bishoboka. Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira urukurikirane rw'inkingo zose - oya, fata urukingo rwasibwe igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa.

Nta gihe ntarengwa cyo kurangiza urukurikirane rw'inkingo, rero n'iyo igihe kinini gishize, uracyashobora guhabwa urukingo kandi ukabona uburinzi. Umuganga wawe azagufasha kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gufata urukingo rwo gusubiza.

Q4. Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata inkingo zongera imbaraga za meningococcal?

Abantu benshi ntibakeneye inkingo zongera imbaraga za meningococcal buri gihe mu buzima bwabo. Inama isanzwe ni ugufata inkingo mu gihe cy'ubugimbi, n'inkingo zongera imbaraga zikenewe cyane cyane ku bantu bari mu kaga gakomeye.

Niba uri mu kaga gasanzwe, birashoboka ko uzakenera inkingo zo mu gihe cy'ubugimbi gusa ndetse n'urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga niba ugiye muri kaminuza. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa bahura n'akazi bashobora gukenera inkingo zongera imbaraga buri gihe mu buzima bwabo, ibyo umuganga wawe azagufasha gukurikirana.

Q5. Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa meningococcal niba ndimo konsa?

Yego, urashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa meningococcal mu gihe uri konsa. Urukingo ntirujya mu mata ku buryo byangiza umwana wawe, kandi gukingirwa bishobora ndetse gutanga uburinzi ku mwana wawe binyuze mu ntungamubiri ziri mu mata yawe.

Konsa, konsa no kugaburira umwana ntibigira icyo bihindura ku buryo urukingo rukora neza kuri wowe. Niba uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara ya meningococcal, nko kuba utuye ahantu hari abantu benshi cyangwa ugenda ahantu hari iyo ndwara, gukingirwa mu gihe ugaburira umwana birasabwa rwose.