Icyo Mercaptopurine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo kuyifata, ingaruka zayo, n'ibindi

Mercaptopurine ni umuti ufasha kugenzura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri n'indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu wanga ibyo watewe, binyuze mu kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukura kw'uturemangingo tudasanzwe. Uyu muti wandikirwa na muganga ugwa mu itsinda ryitwa antimetabolites, zikora zibangamira uburyo uturemangingo dukora DNA na RNA. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira uyu muti nk'igice cy'uburyo uvurwa indwara ya kanseri y'amaraso cyangwa indwara zifata urwungano rw'igogora.

Mercaptopurine ni iki?

Mercaptopurine ni umuti uvura kanseri ufata mu kanwa, uza mu buryo bw'ibinini. Yagenewe kwibasira uturemangingo twihuta mu kwiyongera, harimo uturemangingo twa kanseri n'uturemangingo duke tw'umubiri wawe twizewe. Uyu muti ukora wigana ikintu gisanzwe uturemangingo twawe dukeneye kugira ngo dukure no kwiyongera.

Uyu muti umaze imyaka myinshi ukoreshwa neza mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye. Nubwo ufatwa nk'umuti uvura kanseri, urugero rwo kuwufata akenshi ruba ruto cyane ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri busanzwe. Muganga wawe azagenzura neza uko umubiri wawe witwara hanyuma ahindure urugero rwo kuwufata uko bikwiye.

Mercaptopurine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Mercaptopurine ivura kanseri y'amaraso yitwa acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ifata uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso. Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara zifata urwungano rw'igogora nka Crohn's disease na ulcerative colitis iyo izindi miti itagize icyo itanga.

Ku barwayi ba kanseri y'amaraso, uyu muti akenshi uba mu buryo bwo kuvurwa burambye burimo n'indi miti. Intego ni ukufasha umubiri wawe gukuraho uturemangingo twa kanseri no kubuza ko twagaruka. Mu ndwara zifata urwungano rw'igogora, mercaptopurine ifasha gutuza imikorere y'umubiri wawe wanga ibyo watewe ituma habaho kubyimba mu nzira y'igogora.

Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga bandika imiti ya mercaptopurine kubera izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri igihe imiti isanzwe itanga ubufasha buhagije. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira neza impamvu iyi miti ikwiriye kubera ikibazo cyawe.

Mercaptopurine ikora ite?

Mercaptopurine ikora igihe yinjira mu DNA na RNA by'uturemangingo twawe. Iyo uturemangingo tudasanzwe tugerageza gukura no kwigabanya, iyi miti ibuza ubushobozi bwo kwigana ibikoresho byabo bya genetike neza. Ibi bituma utwo turemangingo dufite ibibazo dupfa mu buryo busanzwe.

Iyi miti ifatwa nk'ikomeye ku rugero ruciriritse, ariko akenshi irihanganirwa neza iyo ikoreshejwe ku bipimo bikwiye. Umubiri wawe ukoresha mercaptopurine unyuze mu mwijima wawe, aho ihindurwamo ibintu bikora akazi nyakuri. Ibi bifata igihe, niyo mpamvu ushobora kutabona ingaruka ako kanya.

Kubera ko mercaptopurine igira ingaruka ku igabanuka ry'uturemangingo, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku turemangingo tudasanzwe ndetse no ku turemangingo twiza twigabanya vuba. Ibi birimo uturemangingo two mu mugongo, mu nzira yo mu gifu, no mu bwirinzi bw'umubiri. Muganga wawe azakurikirana ibi bice neza mugihe cyo kuvurwa.

Nkwiriye gufata mercaptopurine nte?

Fata mercaptopurine nkuko muganga wawe abikwandikiye, akenshi rimwe ku munsi ku gifu cyambaye ubusa. Igihe cyiza ni akenshi isaha imwe mbere yo kurya cyangwa amasaha abiri nyuma yo kurya, kuko ibiryo bishobora kubuza umubiri wawe gukoresha neza iyi miti.

Minya ibinini byose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi. Ntugasenya, utahe cyangwa ubimenagure, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo iyi miti ikora. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kuminya ibinini, ganira na farumasiye yawe kubyerekeye uburyo bushobora gufasha.

Gerageza gufata imiti yawe ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugirango ugumane urwego ruzigama mu maraso yawe. Abantu benshi basanga bifasha gushyiraho umwanya wo kwibutswa buri munsi kuri terefone yabo. Niba ufata izindi miti, genzura na muganga wawe kubyerekeye igihe cyiza cyo kwirinda guhura.

Irinde kunywa inzoga igihe urimo gufata mercaptopurine, kuko bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara umwijima. Nanone, irinde imbuto za pome na jus yazo, kuko bishobora kubangamira uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha imiti.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Gite Ndafata Mercaptopurine?

Igihe cyo kuvurwa na mercaptopurine gitandukana cyane bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe n'uburyo umubiri wawe wakira imiti. Ku barwaye leukemia, kuvurwa akenshi bikomeza imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu nk'igice cyo gukomeza nyuma yo kuvurwa cyane mu ntangiriro.

Niba urimo gufata mercaptopurine kubera indwara yo mu mara, ushobora kuyikeneye amezi menshi cyangwa imyaka. Abantu bamwe basaba kuvurwa igihe kirekire kugira ngo bagumane ubuzima bwabo mu buryo bwiza. Muganga wawe azajya asuzuma buri gihe niba umuti ukenewe kandi ufitiye akamaro.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata mercaptopurine ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. Guhagarika ako kanya bishobora gutuma uburwayi bwawe bwiyongera cyangwa bukazamba. Niba ukeneye guhagarika umuti, muganga wawe azagutegurira gahunda yo kubikora mu buryo bwizewe.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Biterwa na Mercaptopurine?

Kimwe n'indi miti yose, mercaptopurine ishobora gutera ibikorwa bigaragara, nubwo atari buri wese ubyumva. Ibikorwa bigaragara byinshi birashobora gucungwa kandi bikunda gukira uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti.

Dore ibikorwa bisanzwe ushobora guhura nabyo:

• Kuruka no kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugira umunaniro n'intege nke
• Kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara bitewe no kugabanuka kw'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera
• Gukomereka byoroshye cyangwa kuva amaraso bitewe no kugabanuka kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura
• Ibisebe mu kanwa
• Impiswi cyangwa kutumva neza mu nda
• Guta umusatsi (akenshi biba bike)

Ibi bikorwa bisanzwe akenshi bigabanuka uko uvurwa bikomeza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakuvura rishobora gutanga ibitekerezo byo kubicunga neza.

Ingaruka zikomeye zirashobora kubaho, nubwo zitabaho kenshi. Izi zikeneye ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga kandi zirimo:

• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima nk'uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo, inkari z'umukara, cyangwa isesemi ihoraho
• Indwara zikomeye zifite umuriro, ibikonjo, cyangwa inkorora ihoraho
• Ukuva amaraso cyangwa gukomeretsa bidasanzwe bitahagarara
• Urubavu rukomeye cyangwa kuruka ihoraho
• Urugero rw'umubiri rw'ibintu bitandukanye bifite ibibazo by'uruhu, guhumeka bigoye, cyangwa kubyimba

Muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso bya buri gihe kugirango amenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare. Ntukazuyaze kuvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima niba ubonye ibimenyetso byose biteye impungenge.

Ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe ariko zikomeye zirimo guhagarika ubwonko bukomeye, uburozi bw'umwijima, no kwiyongera kw'ibibazo bya kanseri zimwe na zimwe mugihe gikoreshwa igihe kirekire. Muganga wawe apima izi ngaruka n'inyungu zo kuvura indwara yawe yihariye.

Ninde utagomba gufata Mercaptopurine?

Mercaptopurine ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe mbere yo kuyandika. Abantu bafite impinduka zimwe na zimwe za genetike zikora uburyo bakoresha imiti bashobora gukenera doze zitandukanye cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata mercaptopurine niba ufite allergie kuri yo cyangwa imiti isa nayo. Bwira muganga wawe ibyerekeye allergie zose zabayeho mbere zerekeye imiti ivura kanseri cyangwa indi miti. Gutwita ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi, kuko mercaptopurine ishobora gukomeretsa umwana ukura.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zikeneye kwitonda cyane cyangwa zishobora kugukumira gufata mercaptopurine mu buryo bwizewe:

• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima cyangwa hepatite ikora
• Indwara z'ubwonko zihari
• Indwara zikora zitagenzurwa
• Indwara y'impyiko isaba guhindura doze
• Urugero rukomeye rw'imiti isa nayo

Niba uteganya gutwita cyangwa uri konjesha, ganira na muganga wawe. Abagabo n'abagore bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo kuboneza urubyaro mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no mu gihe gito nyuma yaho.

Muganga wawe azanatekereza ku zindi imiti urimo gufata, kuko imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora guhura na mercaptopurine. Ibi birimo imiti yica mikorobe imwe n'imwe, imiti igabanya amaraso, n'indi miti igabanya ubudahangarwa.

Amazina ya Mercaptopurine

Mercaptopurine iboneka mu mazina atandukanye, Purinethol ikaba ariyo izwi cyane. Ushobora kandi kuyibona yitwa 6-mercaptopurine cyangwa 6-MP mu nyandiko z'ubuvuzi no mu biganiro n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima.

Ubwoko bwa mercaptopurine busanzwe buboneka kandi bukora neza nk'ubwoko bw'izina ry'ubucuruzi. Farumasi yawe ishobora gusimbuza ubwoko busanzwe keretse muganga wawe asabye by'umwihariko izina ry'ubucuruzi. Ubwoko bwombi burimo ibikoresho bikora kimwe kandi bukurikiza amahame amwe yo gukora neza no kugira umutekano.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Mercaptopurine

Imiti itandukanye ishobora gutekerezwa niba mercaptopurine itagukwiriye cyangwa idakora neza. Guhitamo biterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye, amateka yawe y'ubuzima, n'uko witwaye ku miti yabanje.

Ku ndwara zifata urwungano rw'igifu n'amara, uburyo bwo gusimbuza burimo azathioprine (ifitanye isano rya hafi na mercaptopurine), methotrexate, cyangwa imiti mishya ya biyolojiya nka infliximab cyangwa adalimumab. Buri imwe ifite inyungu zayo n'ingaruka zizaganirwaho na muganga wawe.

Mu kuvura kanseri, uburyo bwo gusimbuza bushobora kuba bundi bwoko bwa chemotherapy, imiti igamije, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura ubudahangarwa. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri azatekereza ku bintu nk'ubwoko bwawe bwihariye bwa kanseri, icyiciro cy'indwara, n'ubuzima muri rusange mugihe asaba uburyo bwo gusimbuza.

Umutuzo wo guhindura imiti ugomba gufatwa buri gihe hamwe n’ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi. Bashobora kugufasha gupima ibyiza n’ibibi by’uburyo butandukanye bushingiye ku miterere yawe bwite.

Ese Mercaptopurine iruta Azathioprine?

Mercaptopurine na azathioprine ni imiti ifitanye isano ya hafi ikora mu buryo busa, ariko ntisa neza. Azathioprine mu by’ukuri ihindurwa muri mercaptopurine mu mubiri wawe, bityo mercaptopurine ni ishusho ikora akazi nyakuri.

Nta muti n'umwe uruta undi - guhitamo biterwa n'imimerere yawe bwite. Abantu bamwe boroherwa n'imwe kuruta iyindi, mugihe abaganga bamwe bakunda imwe bashingiye ku bunararibonye bwabo cyangwa ibintu byihariye by’uburwayi bwawe.

Azathioprine akenshi igeragezwa mbere na mbere kubera indwara zifata urwungano rw'igifu kuko yigishijwe cyane kuri iyi ntego. Ariko, mercaptopurine irashobora gukundwa niba ufite impinduka zimwe za genetike zikora uburyo ukoresha azathioprine. Muganga wawe ashobora gutumiza ibizamini bya genetike kugirango bifashe kuyobora iki cyemezo.

Imiti yombi isaba gukurikiranwa kimwe kandi ifite imiterere isa y’ingaruka. Guhitamo hagati yabo akenshi biterwa n'icyo muganga wawe akunda, uburyo wakiriyeho ubuvuzi, n'ibintu byihariye byo mu mateka yawe y’ubuvuzi.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Mercaptopurine

Q1. Ese Mercaptopurine iratekanye gukoreshwa igihe kirekire?

Mercaptopurine irashobora gukoreshwa neza igihe kirekire iyo ikurikiranwa neza n’ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi. Abantu benshi barayifata amezi cyangwa imyaka batagize ibibazo bikomeye. Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe imibare y'amaraso yawe, imikorere y'umwijima, n'ubuzima muri rusange kugirango yemeze ko umuti ukomeza kuba mwiza kandi ukora kuri wewe.

Gukoresha igihe kirekire bifite ibyago byiyongera, harimo amahirwe make yo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura cyangwa, rimwe na rimwe, izindi kanseri. Ariko, ku bantu benshi, inyungu zo kugenzura uburwayi bwabo bw'ibanze ziruta ibi byago. Muganga wawe azaganira nawe kuri ibi bitekerezo kandi ahindure gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa uko bikwiye.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye Mercaptopurine nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba unyweye Mercaptopurine nyinshi mu buryo butunganye kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Kunywa nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane zikora ku mibare y'amaraso yawe n'imikorere y'umwijima.

Ntugategereze ko ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere yo gushaka ubufasha. Andika neza icyo wanyoye n'igihe, kuko aya makuru azagufasha abaganga kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ushobora gukenera ibizamini by'amaraso byiyongera cyangwa gukurikiranwa kugirango wemeze ko uri mu mutekano.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa Mercaptopurine?

Niba ucikanwe urugero kandi bikaba biri mu masaha make y'igihe cyanyu gisanzwe, unywe ako kanya wibuka. Ariko, niba hafi y'igihe cy'urugero rwawe rukurikira, reka urugero rwakucitse ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Ntukigere unywa urugero ebyiri icyarimwe kugirango usimbuze urugero rwakucitse.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa urugero, ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kugufasha kwibuka. Kunywa imiti buri gihe ni ngombwa kugirango umuti ukore neza. Tekereza gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone, gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti, cyangwa guhuza imiti yawe n'imikorere ya buri munsi.

Q4. Nshobora kureka kunywa Mercaptopurine ryari?

Umwanzuro wo kureka kunywa mercaptopurine ugomba gufatwa buri gihe hamwe n'ubuyobozi bwa muganga wawe. Ku kuvura kanseri, akenshi habaho gahunda yo kuvura yagenwe mbere igaragaza igihe uzakenera umuti. Ku ndwara zifata mu mara, igihe biterwa n'uburyo uburwayi bwawe bugenzurwa neza n'niba izindi miti zishobora gukwira.

Umuganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'uko wabyitwayemo ku miti, ingaruka mbi urimo guhura nazo, n'akaga ko indwara yawe yagaruka. Bashobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rw'umuti aho guhagarika ako kanya kugira ngo bagabanye akaga ko indwara yongera kwigaragaza.

Q5. Nshobora guhabwa inkingo nkorera imiti ya Mercaptopurine?

Inkingo nyinshi zisanzwe zifite umutekano mugihe ukoresha mercaptopurine, ariko ugomba kwirinda inkingo zifite virusi nzima nk'urukingo rw'ibicurane binyuze mu mazuru, urukingo rwa chickenpox, cyangwa urukingo rwa MMR. Sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi irashobora kuba yaragabanutseho gato, bityo inkingo zifite virusi nzima zishobora gutera ibibazo.

Inkingo zitagira virusi nzima nk'urukingo rw'ibicurane, urukingo rwa pneumoniya, n'inkingo za COVID-19 muri rusange zirashimwa kandi zifite umutekano. Ariko, ntizishobora gukora neza nkibisanzwe kuko uburyo umubiri wawe witwara bushobora kugabanuka. Buri gihe banuza abaganga bawe mbere yo guhabwa urukingo urwo arirwo rwose kugirango wemeze ko bikwiye kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.