Metformin ni iki: Ibikoresho, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Metformin ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane ufasha kugabanya isukari mu maraso mu bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Akenshi ni wo muti wa mbere abaganga basaba iyo impinduka mu mibereho y'umuntu zonyine zitagihagije kugira ngo bacunge isukari mu maraso neza. Uyu muti woroshye ariko ukora neza umaze gufasha abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni gucunga diyabete yabo mu myaka myinshi, kandi ufatwa nk'umwe mu miti ya diyabete ifite umutekano kurusha iyindi.

Metformin ni iki?

Metformin ni umuti wa diyabete ufata mu kanwa wo mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa biguanides. Ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga uza mu buryo bw'ibinini kandi ukaba ugomba gufatwa mu kanwa hamwe n'ibiryo. Bitandukanye n'indi miti ya diyabete, metformin ntigomba guhatira umwijima wawe gukora insuline nyinshi, ibyo bituma worohera imikorere y'umubiri wawe isanzwe.

Uyu muti umazeho kuva mu myaka ya za 1950 kandi ufite amateka meza y'umutekano. Uboneka mu buryo bwo guhita usohoka no gusohoka bitinze, bikaguha wowe na muganga wawe umwanya wo gushaka uburyo bukugirira akamaro mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Metformin ikoreshwa mu iki?

Metformin ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, ariko kandi ishobora gufasha mu bindi bibazo by'ubuzima. Ku bijyanye na diyabete, akenshi ni wo muti wa mbere uhitwamo kuko ukora neza kandi wihanganirwa n'abantu benshi. Muganga wawe ashobora kuwugusabira wenyine cyangwa akawuvanga n'indi miti ya diyabete kugira ngo bacunge isukari mu maraso neza.

Usibye diyabete, rimwe na rimwe abaganga bandikira metformin kubera indwara ya polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) kugira ngo ifashe mu gucunga imihango no kunoza imikorere ya insuline. Abaganga bamwe kandi barayikoresha mu gufasha kwirinda diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyo ndwara.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, metformin ishobora kuzirikanwa mu gucunga ibiro by'abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bwa insuline, nubwo ibi akenshi bikoreshwa mu buryo butemewe kandi bisaba kugenzurwa na muganga neza.

Ni gute Metformin ikora?

Metformin ikora mu buryo butandukanye bworoshye kugira ngo ifashe umubiri wawe gucunga isukari mu maraso neza. Ahanini igabanya urugero rwa glucose umwijima wawe ukora, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kwiyiriza nk'ijoro. Ibi bifasha kwirinda izo sukari zo mu gitondo zizamuka abantu benshi barwaye diyabete bahura nazo.

Uyu muti kandi utuma uturemangingo tw'imitsi yawe twumva neza insuline, bivuze ko umubiri wawe ushobora gukoresha insuline ukora neza. Tekereza nk'ifasha gufungura imiryango y'uturemangingo twawe kugira ngo glucose ibashe kwinjira byoroshye.

Byongeye kandi, metformin itinda gake uburyo amara yawe akoresha glucose mu biryo. Ibi bituma isukari mu maraso izamuka buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kurya aho kuzamuka cyane. Nk'imiti ya diyabete, metformin ifatwa nk'ifite imbaraga ziringaniye, ikora buhoro aho gutera impinduka zikomeye.

Nkwiriye gufata Metformin nte?

Fata metformin nk'uko umuganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi hamwe n'ibiryo kugira ngo ugabanye ibibazo byo mu nda. Abantu benshi batangira n'urugero ruto rugenda ruzamuka buhoro buhoro mu byumweru byinshi, bituma umubiri wawe ufata umwanya wo kumenyera neza. Ubu buryo buhoro buhoro bufasha kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti kandi butuma umuganga wawe ashobora kubona urugero rukwiriye kuri wowe.

Mimina ibinini byose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi. Niba ufata verisiyo irekura umuti igihe kirekire, ntukoreshe, ntukore, cyangwa uteme ibinini kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umuti usohoka mu mubiri wawe.

Gufata metformin hamwe n'ibiryo ni ngombwa kubera impamvu ebyiri. Icya mbere, bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo kurwara mu nda, isesemi, cyangwa impiswi. Icya kabiri, bifasha umubiri wawe gukoresha umuti neza. Ntabwo ukeneye kurya ibiryo byinshi, ariko kugira ibiryo mu gifu cyawe bituma habaho itandukaniro ryiza mu buryo uzihanganira umuti.

Gerageza gufata imiti yawe ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urugero ruzigama mu mubiri wawe. Niba uyifata kabiri ku munsi, gutandukanya imitiho hafi amasaha 12 birakora neza ku bantu benshi.

Mbere yo gufata Metformin igihe kingana iki?

Abantu benshi bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bafata metformin igihe kirekire, akenshi imyaka myinshi cyangwa ndetse ubuzima bwose. Ibi ntibiterwa nuko uba uyigendeyeho, ahubwo ni uko diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ari indwara idakira isaba gukomeza kuyicunga. Metformin ifasha kugumana isukari mu maraso yawe mu rugero rwiza igihe cyose uyifata.

Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, imikorere y'impyiko, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kugira ngo yemeze ko metformin ikomeza kuba igisubizo cyiza kuri wewe. Abantu bamwe basanga imikorere y'isukari mu maraso yabo irushaho gutungana cyane binyuze mu mpinduka z'imibereho, kandi muganga wabo ashobora guhindura cyangwa kugabanya imiti yabo hakurikijwe ibyo.

Igihe cyo kuvurwa giterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Ibintu nk'uko isukari yawe mu maraso icungwa neza, ingaruka zose ubona, impinduka mu buzima bwawe, n'uburyo witwara ku mpinduka z'imibereho byose bigira uruhare mu kumenya igihe uzakenera gufata metformin.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata metformin ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma isukari yawe mu maraso yiyongera vuba kandi bikaba byatera ibibazo.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Metformin?

Metformin muri rusange irihanganirwa neza, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka ku bantu bamwe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi ziba nto kandi akenshi zikagenda zitungana uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti mu byumweru bike bya mbere.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo, cyane cyane mugihe utangira gufata metformin cyangwa wiyongera urugero rwawo:

• Kuruka no kuribwa mu nda
• Impiswi cyangwa imyanda idakomeye
• Gasi no kubyimba
• Uburyohe bw'icyuma mu kanwa kawe
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kuribwa mu nda

Ibyo bibazo byo mu gifu bikunze gushira nyuma y'ibyumweru bike umubiri wawe umaze kubimenyera. Gufata metformin hamwe n'ibiryo no gutangira n'urugero ruto birashobora gufasha kugabanya ibyo bibazo cyane.

Ingaruka zitagaragara cyane ariko zikomeye zirimo kubura vitamine B12 iyo imaze igihe ikoreshwa, niyo mpamvu muganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana urugero rwa B12 yawe buri gihe. Abantu bamwe kandi barwara umunaniro cyangwa intege nke, cyane cyane mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuvuzi.

Gahoro cyane, metformin irashobora gutera indwara ikomeye yitwa lactic acidosis, ikubiyemo kwiyongera kwa aside ya lactic mu maraso. Ibi ntibisanzwe cyane ku bantu bafite imikorere isanzwe y'impyiko, ariko niyo mpamvu muganga wawe akurikirana ubuzima bw'impyiko zawe buri gihe. Ibimenyetso birimo kuribwa imitsi bidasanzwe, guhumeka bigoye, kuribwa mu nda, isereri, cyangwa kumva ufite intege nke cyane cyangwa warushye.

Ninde utagomba gufata Metformin?

Metformin ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyandika. Uyu muti ubanza kunyuzwa mu mpyiko zawe, bityo abantu bafite indwara ikomeye y'impyiko mubisanzwe ntibashobora gufata metformin mu buryo bwizewe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kwirinda kwandika metformin niba ufite indwara ikomeye y'impyiko, ibibazo by'umwijima, cyangwa amateka ya lactic acidosis. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima, cyane cyane izo zifite urugero ruto rwa oxygen, nabo bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bundi.

Niba uteganyirijwe kubagwa cyangwa ibindi bikorwa by'ubuvuzi bikoresha irangi ritandukanya, muganga wawe ashobora guhagarika metformin yawe by'agateganyo. Iki ni ingamba zo kwirinda kugirango urinde impyiko zawe muri ibyo bikorwa.

Abantu bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 muri rusange ntibakoresha metformin nk'ubuvuzi bwabo bwambere, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kongerwa muri terapi ya insuline mu bihe bidasanzwe. Abagore batwite bafite diyabete mubisanzwe bakoresha insuline aho gukoresha metformin, nubwo ibi bitandukanye bitewe n'imimerere y'umuntu ku giti cye n'ubucamanza bw'ubuvuzi.

Muganga wawe azanatekereza ku myaka yawe, kuko abantu bakuze bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa cyane cyangwa guhindura urugero rw'umuti kubera impinduka mu mikorere y'impyiko uko imyaka yicuma.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Metformin

Metformin iboneka mu mazina menshi y'ubwoko, nubwo verisiyo rusange ikora neza kandi igatwara amafaranga make cyane. Amazina y'ubwoko asanzwe arimo Glucophage kubera ibinini byihutirwa na Glucophage XR kubera ibintu byongerewe.

Andi mazina y'ubwoko ushobora guhura nayo arimo Fortamet, Glumetza, na Riomet (ifishi y'amazi). Hariho kandi imiti ivanze irimo metformin hamwe n'indi miti ya diyabete, nka Janumet (metformin hamwe na sitagliptin) na Glucovance (metformin hamwe na glyburide).

Niba ufata izina ry'ubwoko cyangwa metformin rusange, ibikoresho bikora n'ubushobozi birasa. Gahunda yawe y'ubwishingizi ishobora gukunda kimwe kuruta ikindi, bityo birakwiye kuganira kubyerekeye ibisubizo na muganga wawe na farumasi kugirango ubone icyemezo gishobora kugurwa.

Uburyo bwa Metformin

Niba metformin itagukwiriye cyangwa itatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso, imiti myinshi isanzwe irahari. Muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza sulfonylureas nka glyburide cyangwa glipizide, ikora mugutera pancreas yawe gukora insulin nyinshi.

Ibyiciro bishya by'imiti birimo SGLT2 inhibitors (nka empagliflozin cyangwa canagliflozin) ifasha impyiko zawe gukuraho glucose nyinshi binyuze mumuyoboro w'inkari. DPP-4 inhibitors nka sitagliptin ikora mugukongeza insulin mugihe isukari mumaraso iri hejuru no kugabanya glucose mugihe bisanzwe.

Kubantu bakeneye kuvurwa cyane, GLP-1 receptor agonists nka semaglutide cyangwa liraglutide birashobora gukora neza cyane. Iyi miti ntabwo igabanya gusa isukari mumaraso ahubwo akenshi ifasha no kugabanya ibiro.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, imiti ya insuline ishobora kuba ngombwa, haba yonyine cyangwa ihuriweho n'imiti inyobwa. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo abone uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushingiye ku byo ukeneye, uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, n'intego z'ubuvuzi.

Ese Metformin iruta indi miti ivura diyabete?

Metformin akenshi ifatwa nk'urugero rwiza rw'ubuvuzi bwa mbere bwa diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, kandi hariho impamvu nziza z'iyi nyungu. Ifasha mu kugabanya isukari mu maraso, ifite amateka maremare y'umutekano, kandi akenshi ntishobora gutuma umuntu abyibuha cyangwa agira ibibazo byo kugabanya isukari mu maraso iyo ikoreshejwe yonyine.

Ugereranije na sulfonylureas, metformin ntishobora gutera hypoglycemia (isukari igabanuka cyane mu maraso) no kongera ibiro. Bitandukanye n'imiti mishya ya diyabete, metformin iraboneka kandi ifite imyaka myinshi y'ubushakashatsi ishyigikira ikoreshwa ryayo.

Ariko,

Ariko, muganga wawe azasuzuma neza uburwayi bw'umutima bwawe mbere yo kugena metformin. Abantu bafite umutima udakora neza cyangwa ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku kigero cya ogisijeni mu maraso bashobora gukenera imiti itandukanye cyangwa gukurikiranwa hafi.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashe metformin nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba ufata metformin nyinshi bitunguranye kuruta uko byagutanzwe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa umufarimasi vuba na bwangu kugira ngo bagufashe. Guha umuntu doze ebyiri rimwe na rimwe ntibigira akaga, ariko gufata nyinshi cyane kuruta uko byagutanzwe byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti, cyane cyane lactic acidosis.

Reba ibimenyetso nk'isuka ikabije, kuruka, kuribwa mu nda, kuribwa mu misitsi, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa umunaniro udasanzwe. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso nyuma yo gufata metformin nyinshi, shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Kugira ngo wirinde gufata imiti myinshi bitunguranye, tekereza gukoresha umuteguro w'ibinyabutabazi no gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone yawe. Niba utazi neza niba wafashe doze yawe, muri rusange biroroshye gusiba iyo doze kuruta gushyira mu kaga kuyifata kabiri.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ntasize doze ya metformin?

Niba usize doze ya metformin, yifate uko wibuka, ariko gusa niba ari hamwe n'ifunguro cyangwa agafungurwa. Niba igihe cyo gufata doze yawe ikurikira kigeze, siba doze yasizwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usubize doze yasizwe, kuko ibi byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa doze, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kugufasha kwibuka, nk'uko kuyifata icyarimwe n'ibindi bikorwa bya buri munsi.

Kusiba doze rimwe na rimwe ntizitera ibibazo byihuse, ariko gusiba doze buri gihe bishobora gutuma isukari yo mu maraso itagenzurwa neza uko igihe kigenda.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata metformin?

Ntabwo wagombye guhagarika gufata metformin utabanje kubiganiraho na muganga wawe. Abantu bamwe bashobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika metformin niba bageze ku kugabanya ibiro byinshi, bagahindura imibereho yabo cyane, cyangwa niba uburyo bafata isukari mu maraso yabo bwiyongera cyane.

Muganga wawe azagenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, ibizamini bya A1C, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kugira ngo amenye niba kandi igihe byaba bikwiye guhindura imiti yawe. Abantu bamwe basanga bafite impinduka zikomeye mu mibereho yabo, bashobora kugabanya urugero rwabo cyangwa bakajya mu buryo bwo kuvura butandukanye.

Wibuke ko diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ari indwara ikomeza, kandi niyo wahagarika metformin by'agateganyo, ushobora kongera kuyitangira cyangwa ugerageze imiti indi mu gihe kizaza uko indwara yawe igenda yiyongera.