Icyo Methacholine ari cyo: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Methacholine ni umuti ukoreshwa by'umwihariko mu bipimo byo guhumeka, ntabwo ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose. Ni umuti w'imiterere ya gihanga ugabanya inzira z'umwuka by'agateganyo kugira ngo bifashe abaganga kumenya indwara ya asima n'izindi ndwara zo guhumeka. Utekereze nk'igikoresho cyo gupima gifasha kugaragaza uburyo ibihaha byawe byumva ibintu bimwe na bimwe.

Methacholine ni iki?

Methacholine ni umuti wa gihanga wigana ikintu gisanzwe mu mubiri wawe cyitwa acetylcholine. Iyo ubihumeka mu gihe cyo gupimwa kwa muganga, bituma inzira z'umwuka wawe zifungana gato. Iki gikorwa kigenzurwa gifasha abaganga kureba uko ibihaha byawe byitwara ku bintu bitera uburwayi.

Uyu muti uza mu ifu ivangwa n'umuti wa saline hanyuma igahindurwa umwuka mwiza. Uzahura na methacholine gusa mu biro bya muganga cyangwa mu bitaro mu gihe cyo gupimwa guhumeka by'umwihariko byitwa methacholine challenge test. Ntabwo itangwa ngo ikoreshwe mu rugo cyangwa mu kuvurwa buri gihe.

Methacholine ikoreshwa mu iki?

Methacholine ikoreshwa gusa mu kumenya indwara zo guhumeka, cyane cyane asima. Iki kizamini gifasha abaganga kumenya niba ufite airway hyperresponsiveness, bivuze ko inzira zawe z'umwuka zikora cyane ku bintu bitera uburwayi. Iyi makuru ni ingenzi iyo ibimenyetso byawe bitagaragara neza cyangwa iyo ibizamini bisanzwe byo guhumeka bisubiye inyuma bisanzwe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba iki kizamini niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'inkorora ihoraho, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa gufungana mu gituza ariko ibisubizo by'ibizamini bitagaragara neza. Ikizamini cya methacholine gishobora kandi gufasha gutandukanya asima n'izindi ndwara zitera ibimenyetso bisa. Rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa kugira ngo bagenzure uburyo imiti ya asima ikora neza uko igihe kigenda.

Methacholine ikora ite?

Methacholine ikora muguhuza n’uturemangingo twihariye tw’imitsi yo mu nzira y’umwuka yitwa reseptori za muscarinic. Iyo yihuje n’utwo turemangingo, ituma imitsi yoroshye ikikije inzira y’umwuka yikurura, bigatuma inzira y’umwuka ifungana. Ibi ni igikorwa cy’agateganyo kandi kigenzurwa, gikunze kumara iminota mike.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk’ikintu gishishikariza cyane inzira y’umwuka. Urafite imbaraga zihagije zo gutera igisubizo kigaragara mu nzira y’umwuka yoroshye ariko woroshye bihagije kugirango ukoreshwe mu bizami by’ubuvuzi. Icyo kintu kirahinduka rwose, kandi inzira yawe y’umwuka isubira mu buryo busanzwe igihe umuti uvuye mu mubiri wawe.

Nkwiriye gufata methacholine nte?

Ntiwifatira methacholine ubwawe - buri gihe itangwa n’abantu b’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi mu gihe cy’ikizamini kigenzurwa. Uyu muti utangwa hakoreshejwe nebulizer, ihindura umuti w’amazi mu gihu cya fine mist uhumeka unyuze mu kanwa. Uzahabwa amabwiriza yo guhumeka gahoro, cyane kugirango umuti ugerere inzira yawe y’umwuka neza.

Mbere y’ikizamini, ubusanzwe ugomba kwirinda imiti n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuzima rizagutera amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye guhagarika bronchodilators, kwirinda caffeine, no kutagira imyitozo mbere. Ikizamini gikunze kubera muri laboratoire yihariye y’imikorere y’ibihaha aho ibikoresho byihutirwa biboneka.

Mugihe cy’igikorwa, uzatangira guhumeka bisanzwe, hanyuma uhumeke ibintu byongera umubare wa methacholine. Hagati ya buri dose, abanyatekiniki bazapima imikorere y’ibihaha byawe kugirango barebe uko inzira yawe y’umwuka yitwara. Uburyo bwose bukunze gufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 45.

Nkwiriye gufata methacholine igihe kingana iki?

Methacholine ikoreshwa rimwe gusa mu gihe cyo gupima kimwe - si umuti ufata kenshi cyangwa mu gihe kirekire. Gukoresha methacholine nyakuri mu gihe cyo gupima bifata iminota mike gusa uko uhumeka buri gipimo. Abantu benshi barangiza ibizamini byose bya methacholine mu isaha imwe.

Ingaruka za methacholine zirashira vuba, akenshi mu minota 15 kugeza kuri 30 nyuma yuko ibizamini birangiye. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagukurikirana kugeza igihe guhumeka kwawe gusubiye mu buryo busanzwe kandi rishobora kuguha umuti ugura imitsi yo mu muhogo kugirango byihutishe gukira. Ntabwo uzakenera gukomeza ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose murugo bujyanye na methacholine ubwayo.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Methacholine?

Ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa na methacholine zibaho mu gihe cyangwa nyuma yibizamini kandi akenshi ziba zoroshye. Izi ngaruka zitezwe nk'igice cy'uburyo ibizamini bikora. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi ryiteguye gucunga ibimenyetso byose biza.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura nabyo mugihe cyo gupima methacholine:

• Kugurumana mu gituza cyangwa umuvuduko woroshye
• Kugufi guto guhumeka
• Gukorora gake
• Kwirakwiza umuhogo
• Kumva nkaho ukeneye kwoza umuhogo wawe

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bikemuka vuba iyo ibizamini birangiye kandi inzira zawe zo guhumeka zisubira mu buryo busanzwe.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zitabaho cyane zirashobora kubaho, niyo mpamvu ibizamini bikorerwa gusa mumashami yubuvuzi afite ibikoresho byihutirwa. Izi ngaruka zitamenyerewe zirashobora kuba zirimo:

• Bronchospasm ikomeye (kugabanuka gukomeye kwinzira zo guhumeka)
• Kugorana guhumeka kutagira icyo guhinduka vuba
• Urubavu rwo mu gituza rurenze kugurumana guto
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva ureremba
• Umutima wihuta

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rigukurikirana hafi mugihe cyibizamini kandi rishobora guhindura ako kanya ingaruka zikomeye hamwe nimiti igura imitsi yo mu muhogo.

Ninde utagomba gufata Methacholine?

Amatsinda atari make y'abantu agomba kwirinda gukoresha igeragezwa rya methacholine kubera ibyago byiyongereye. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi mbere yo kugusaba iri geragezwa. Umutekano ni wo uza imbere mu gihe cyose cyo gutekereza ku buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gupima indwara.

Ntabwo wagombye gukora igeragezwa ryo gushaka methacholine niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Asima ikaze itagenzurwa neza
• Umutima wateye vuba cyangwa ibibazo by'umutima bitajegajega
• Imikorere mibi y'ibihaha (FEV1 munsi ya 50% y'uko byari biteganyijwe)
• Umubyimba mwinshi udagenzurwa neza
• Umutsi wo mu bwonko wateye vuba cyangwa aneurisme yo mu bwonko
• Gusama (umutekano ntushyizweho)
• Uburwayi bwo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero cyangwa indwara zirimo ubu

Muganga wawe azitonda kandi niba ufata imiti imwe, cyane cyane iyo ishobora kubangamira ibisubizo by'igeragezwa cyangwa kongera ibyago byawe byo guhura n'ibibazo.

Amazina ya Methacholine

Methacholine iboneka munsi y'izina rya Provocholine muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iyi ni yo formulation ikoreshwa cyane mu igeragezwa ryo gushaka methacholine. Uyu muti uza mu ifu yoroshye abaganga bavanga n'umuti wa saline mbere gato y'igeragezwa ryawe.

Ibikorwa bimwe by'ubuvuzi bishobora gukoresha andi mavuriro ya methacholine, ariko Provocholine ni yo isanzwe mu bitaro byinshi na laboratori zikora ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha. Hatitawe ku izina ry'ubwoko, ibikoresho bikora n'uburyo bwo gupima birasa.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Methacholine

Mugihe methacholine ari yo isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gupima ibihaha, abaganga rimwe na rimwe bakoresha ibindi bintu byo gushaka bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Ibi bisimburwa bishobora gutanga amakuru asa n'ayo gupima ariko akora mu buryo butandukanye.

Izindi geragezwa ryo gushaka ibihaha muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza harimo:

• Ikizamini cyo guhumeka mannitol (kigereranya umubyimbire mu nzira z'ubuhumekero)
• Ikizamini cyo gukoresha imyitozo ngororamubiri (gikoresha imyitozo ngororamubiri nk'igikangura)
• Ikizamini cy'umwuka ukonje (gikoresha impinduka z'ubushyuhe)
• Ikizamini cya histamine (uburyo buhwanye na methacholine)
• Ikizamini cya adenosine (gikoreshwa mu bigo bimwe byihariye)

Umuhanga wawe mu by'ubuhumekero azahitamo ikizamini gikwiriye cyane bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'amakuru yihariye bakeneye kugira ngo batange icyemezo cy'ukuri.

Ese Methacholine iruta ikizamini cya Histamine?

Ibizamini byombi bya methacholine na histamine ni ibikoresho byiza byo kumenya asima, ariko methacholine ikunze gukundwa mu bigo byinshi by'ubuvuzi. Methacholine ikunze kuba yihariye mu kumenya uburyo bwo guhumeka burenze urugero kandi ifite ingaruka nke kurusha histamine. Ibisubizo nabyo birahuye kandi byoroshye gusobanura.

Histamine irashobora gutera ibindi bimenyetso nk'umutwe, gushyushya, n'ibikorwa byo ku ruhu kuko bigira ingaruka ku buryo burenze inzira zawe z'ubuhumekero. Methacholine yibanze cyane ku ngaruka zayo, yibanda cyane ku misitsi yoroshye mu nzira zawe zo guhumeka. Ibi bituma methacholine iba ihitamo ryiza kandi ryiza ku barwayi benshi.

Ariko, ibigo bimwe byihariye biracyakoresha ibizamini bya histamine, cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi. Ibizamini byombi bitanga amakuru y'ubuvuzi y'agaciro, kandi muganga wawe azahitamo bitewe n'uburambe bwe n'ibyo umubiri wawe ukeneye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Methacholine

Ese Methacholine irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Ibizamini bya Methacholine bisaba kwitonda cyane ku bantu bafite indwara z'umutima. Uyu muti ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima n'umuvuduko w'amaraso, bityo umuganga wawe w'umutima n'umuhanga mu by'ubuhumekero bazakenera gukorana kugira ngo bamenye niba ikizamini gikwiriye kuri wewe. Abantu bafite indwara z'umutima zigenzurwa neza kandi zidakuka barashobora kuba bakwiriye gukorerwa ikizamini mugihe bakurikiranywe neza.

Niba ufite amateka y’ibibazo by’umutima, gerageza kubibwira muganga wawe mbere yo gutegura ikizamini cya methacholine. Bashobora gushaka gukora ibindi bipimo by’umutima mugihe cy’ikizamini cyangwa bagahitamo uburyo bwo gupima butandukanye. Umutekano wawe niwo uza imbere y’ibindi byose.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyoye methacholine nyinshi bitunguranye?

Ntushobora kunywa methacholine nyinshi bitunguranye kuko itangwa gusa n’abantu b’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi mu bigo by’ubuzima byagenzuwe. Ikizamini gikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye hamwe n’imiti yagenwe mbere y’igihe ipimwa neza. Niba waba warabonye imiti irenze iyo wari wateganyirijwe mugihe cy’ikizamini, ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi yahita iguha imiti ya bronchodilator kugirango ihindure ingaruka.

Ahantu hakorerwa ibizamini hateguwe hamwe n’ibipimo byinshi by’umutekano kugirango birinde kunywa imiti irenze urugero. Niba wumva ibimenyetso byawe birimo kuzamba kurusha uko byari byitezwe mugihe cy’ikizamini, bwira umukanishi wawe ako kanya. Barashobora guhagarika ikizamini kandi bagatanga imiti ako kanya.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciweho urugero rwa methacholine?

Iki kibazo ntikireba methacholine kuko atari umuti ufata buri gihe cyangwa mu rugo. Methacholine ikoreshwa rimwe gusa mugihe cy’ikizamini cyo gupima mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi. Niba ucikwa n’umwanya wawe wateganyijwe wo gukora ikizamini cya methacholine, ongera uteganye undi munsi ushobora gukurikiza amabwiriza yose yo kwitegura.

Gerageza kumenyesha ikigo gikorera ibizamini niba ukeneye kongera guteganya, kuko bategura umuti byihariye kubera igihe cyo guhura kwawe. Igihe wongera guteganya, uzakenera gukurikiza amabwiriza amwe yo kwitegura yerekeye kwirinda imiti n’ibikorwa bimwe na mbere.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata methacholine?

Ntabwo ukeneye guhagarika gufata methacholine kuko atari umuti ukomeza gufatwa. Kwishyira mu methacholine birangira igihe igeragezwa ryawe ryo kumenya indwara rirangiye. Ibyo bigira ingaruka bisanzwe bigenda bishira mu minota 15 kugeza kuri 30 nyuma y'igeragezwa, kandi guhumeka kwawe bigomba gusubira uko byari bisanzwe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha umuti wa bronchodilator nyuma y'igeragezwa kugira ngo afashe kwihutisha gukira kwawe, ariko ibi ni ukwitegura gusa. Iyo igeragezwa rirangiye, nta methacholine isigaye mu mubiri wawe wo guhangayikishwa.

Nshobora gutwara imodoka nyuma y'igeragezwa rya Methacholine Challenge?

Abantu benshi bashobora kwitwara imodoka zabo nyuma y'igeragezwa rya methacholine challenge, ariko ibi biterwa n'uko wumva nyuma yaho. Igeragezwa ubwaryo ntirisanzwe ritera gusinzira cyangwa kubangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara neza. Ariko, abantu bamwe bashobora kumva bananiwe cyangwa bahumeka gake nyuma y'igeragezwa.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana kugeza igihe guhumeka kwawe gusubiye uko byari bisanzwe mbere yo kuguha uruhushya rwo kugenda. Niba wakiriye umuti wa bronchodilator nyuma y'igeragezwa, ushobora kumva utuje cyangwa ufite umutima utera vuba mu gihe gito. Umva umubiri wawe kandi ntugatware niba wumva utameze neza cyangwa urwaye mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.