Niki Nalmefene Nasal Spray: Ibikoresho, Uburyo Bwo Gukoresha, Ingaruka Zishobora Kugaragara n'ibindi

Nalmefene nasal spray ni umuti uramira ubuzima ushobora guhagarika uburozi bwa opioid mu minota mike. Ikomereza imitsi ya opioid mu bwonko bwawe, igahita ihangana n'ingaruka zikomeye zo gukoresha cyane heroin, fentanyl, imiti ibabaza yandikiwe, cyangwa izindi opioids.

Uyu muti uza nk'umuti wo mu mazuru witeguye gukoreshwa, umuntu wese ashobora kwiga kuwukoresha mu gihe cy'ubutabazi. Tekereza nk'akabuto ko gusubiza ibintu mu buryo busanzwe ku muntu wahagaritse cyangwa wahagaritse guhumeka kubera uburozi bwa opioid.

Niki Nalmefene Ikoreshwa?

Nalmefene nasal spray ivura uburozi bwa opioid buketswe iyo umuntu yafashe byinshi muri ibi bintu. Ushobora kubikenera niba umuntu ukwegereye yakoresheje heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, morphine, cyangwa izindi miti ya opioid kandi akerekana ibimenyetso by'uburozi.

Ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane birimo guhumeka gake cyane cyangwa kutabaho, iminwa cyangwa inzara z'ubururu, kutagira ubwenge, no kutabasha gukangura umuntu nubwo hakoreshejwe urusaku rwinshi cyangwa ububabare. Ibi bimenyetso bivuze ko ubwonko bw'umuntu butabona umwuka uhagije, bishobora kwica mu minota mike.

Abatabazi b'ibanze, abagize umuryango, n'inshuti z'abantu bakoresha opioids akenshi batwara uyu muti. Yagenewe ibihe byose kandi ubufasha bw'abaganga babigize umwuga bushobora kutagera vuba bihagije.

Niki Nalmefene Ikora?

Nalmefene ni umwanzi ukomeye wa opioid ukora mugukomera imitsi ya opioid mu bwonko bwawe. Iyo opioids yuzuye iyi mitsi mugihe cy'uburozi, itinda imikorere yingenzi nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima.

Uyu muti ukora nk'urufunguzo rwinjira mumafunguro amwe nk'aya opioids ariko ntiruyahindura. Ahubwo, irinda opioids kugera kuri iyi mitsi, igahindura neza ingaruka zayo zikomeye. Uyu muti ukora mumaminuta 2 kugeza kuri 5 nyuma yo gutangwa.

Nalmefene ifite igihe kirekire cyo gukora ugereranije na naloxone, akenshi kimara amasaha 4 kugeza kuri 6. Ubu burinzi bwagutse ni ingenzi cyane cyane hamwe na opioids ikora igihe kirekire nka methadone cyangwa imiti ikora igihe kirekire ishobora gutera ibimenyetso gusubira.

Nkwiriye Gukoresha Nte Nalmefene Nasal Spray?

Gukoresha nalmefene nasal spray bisaba igikorwa cyihuse ariko cyitonda mugihe cyihutirwa. Mbere na mbere, hamagara 911 ako kanya mbere yo gutanga umuti, kuko ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bw'umwuga bukenewe buri gihe nyuma yo kurenza urugero.

Kura igikoresho mu gikapu cyacyo hanyuma ushyireho urutoki neza mumwobo umwe w'izuru. Kanda plunger neza kandi vuba kugirango utange urugero rwose. Umuntu ntabwo akeneye guhumeka cyangwa kumenya kugirango umuti ukore.

Ibi nibyo ugomba gukora intambwe ku yindi mugihe ukeye ko hariho kurenza urugero:

1. Hamagara 911 cyangwa serivisi zihutirwa ako kanya
2. Reba niba umuntu asubiza yitaba izina rye cyangwa akora mu gituza cye
3. Kura nalmefene mu gikapu hanyuma ushyire mu mwobo w'izuru
4. Kanda plunger neza kugirango utange urugero rwose
5. Tangira guhumeka cyangwa CPR niba watojwe
6. Guma kumwe n'umuntu kugeza ubufasha bwihutirwa bugeze

Niba umuntu atitabye mumunota 2 kugeza kuri 3, ushobora gukenera gutanga urugero rwa kabiri mumwobo w'izuru. Komeza imbaraga zo gutabara hanyuma utegereze ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bw'umwuga buze.

Nkwiriye Kubika Nalmefene Igihe Kingana Gite?

Nalmefene nasal spray ikwiriye kubikwa igihe cyose hariho ibyago byo kurenza urugero rwa opioid mubidukikije byawe. Uyu muti ufite itariki yo kurangiriraho yanditswe kuri paki, akenshi imara imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 3 mugihe ibitswe neza.

Bika igikoresho ku bushyuhe busanzwe, kure y'ubushyuhe n'izuba ritaziguye. Ntukabike ahantu hashyushye cyane nka kompartimenti ya garaje cyangwa ahantu hakonje cyane nka firigo, kuko ubushyuhe burenze urugero bushobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yacyo.

Simbuza ibikoresho byashize vuba, kandi uzirikane kugira ibikoresho byinshi ahantu hatandukanye niba urera umuntu uri mu kaga gakomeye. Abantu benshi bagira kimwe mu rugo, kimwe mu modoka yabo, n'ikindi ku kazi cyangwa ahandi hantu bakunda gusura.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Byo Gukoresha Nalmefene?

Umuntu wakiriye nalmefene ashobora guhura n'ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho kuko umuti ubuza imikorere ya opioid. Ibi bimenyetso ntibishimishije ariko ntibiteje ubuzima akaga, kandi bigaragaza ko umuti ukora neza.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo gukurwaho bishobora kugaragara vuba birimo:

• Urugimbu no kuruka
• Kuvuza ibyuya no guhinda umushyitsi
• Umutima utera vuba
• Umutima uhagaze cyangwa guhagarara
• Uburibwe mu misitsi
• Izuru riva amazi no kurira

Ibi bimenyetso bibaho kuko umubiri wamaze kwishingikiriza kuri opioids, kandi guhagarika imikorere yabyo mu buryo butunguranye bitera igikorwa cyo gusubira inyuma. Nubwo bibabaje, ibi bimenyetso byemeza ko umuti ukora neza mu kurwanya overdose.

Umuntu ashobora kandi guhura n'urujijo, isereri, cyangwa kubabara umutwe uko ubwonko bwe bujyana n'umuti. Abantu bamwe bahinduka abanzi cyangwa bagahagarara uko bongera ubwenge, ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kuguma utuje kandi ukabarinziza umutekano.

Gahoro, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ibikorwa bikomeye nko gufatwa n'ibibazo, umutima utera nabi, cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Ibi bikorwa bigaragara bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga, ni yo mpamvu guhamagara 911 mbere yo gutanga umuti ari ngombwa cyane.

Ninde Utagomba Gukoresha Nalmefene?

Nalmefene muri rusange ni umutekano mu gihe cy'ubutabazi, ariko hari ibintu by'ingenzi byo kuzirikana. Abantu bafite allergie izwi kuri nalmefene cyangwa imiti isa nayo bagomba kuyirinda, nubwo muri overdose iteje ubuzima akaga, inyungu zikunda kurenga ibyago.

Abagore batwite bakoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu kubabaza buri gihe bashobora guhura n'ingorane baramutse bahabwa nalmefene, kuko ishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo kuva mu biyobyabwenge bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana. Ariko, kurokora ubuzima bw'umubyeyi ni byo by'ingenzi, kandi abaganga bashobora gukemura ingorane zose zigaragara.

Abantu barwaye indwara zikomeye z'umutima bashobora kwitwara nabi ku mpinduka zihuse zibaho iyo imiti ikoreshwa mu kubabaza ihagaritswe mu buryo butunguranye. Umutima wabo n'umuvuduko w'amaraso birashobora guhindagurika cyane, bigasaba ko abaganga babakurikirana neza.

Abantu bafata imiti imwe na rimwe yo kuvura umubabaro cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe bashobora guhura n'ibimenyetso byo kuva mu biyobyabwenge bikomeye. Ibi ntibisobanura ko batagomba guhabwa nalmefene mu gihe cy'uburwayi bwihutirwa, ariko bashobora gukenera ubufasha bw'abaganga bwiyongera mu gihe cyo gukira.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Nalmefene

Nalmefene yo mu mazuru iboneka ku izina ry'ubwoko rya Opvee muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iyi ni yo mitegurire y'ibanze y'ubucuruzi igenewe guhagarika ibiyobyabwenge byihutirwa n'abantu batari abaganga.

Uyu muti ushobora kandi kuboneka binyuze mu nganda zitandukanye cyangwa ku mazina rusange mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Ariko, imitegurire yihariye yo mu mazuru yo guhagarika ibiyobyabwenge izwi cyane nka Opvee.

Ibitaro bimwe na serivisi zihutirwa zishobora gukoresha uburyo bwa nalmefene buterwa mu nshinge, ariko ibi bisaba imyitozo y'ubuvuzi kugira ngo bitangwe mu buryo bwizewe. Uburyo bwo mu mazuru bugenewe by'umwihariko gukoreshwa n'abagize umuryango, inshuti, n'abambere bagerageza gutabara batagize imyitozo y'ubuvuzi yimbitse.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Nalmefene

Naloxone yo mu mazuru (Narcan) ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gusimbuza nalmefene mu guhagarika ibiyobyabwenge. Iyi miti yombi ikora kimwe mu guhagarika imitsi yakira ibiyobyabwenge, ariko ifite itandukaniro rikomeye mu gihe n'imbaraga.

Naloxone isanzwe ikora mu minota 30 kugeza kuri 90, ibyo bikaba bigufi ugereranije n'amasaha 4 kugeza kuri 6 ya nalmefene irinda. Ibi bivuze ko abantu bahawe naloxone bashobora gukenera doze zisubirwamo cyangwa bakongera kugira ibimenyetso byo kurenga urugero rwa imiti uko igenda ishira.

Naloxone y'urushinge iboneka ku baganga n'abantu babihuguwemo, itanga igisubizo cyihuse cyane ariko ikaba isaba inshinge n'uburyo bwo kuyitera neza. Ibikoresho byo kwiterera nk'Evzio bitanga doze ziteguranyijwe n'amajwi y'amabwiriza yo gukoresha mu gihe cy'ubutabazi.

Gu hitamo hagati y'iyi miti akenshi biterwa n'uko iboneka, imiti ya opioide ikoreshwa, n'amabwiriza y'ibanze yo gutabara mu gace. Imiryango myinshi yibanda ku gutanga naloxone kubera uko iboneka hose kandi ihendutse.

Ese Nalmefene iruta Naloxone?

Nalmefene itanga uburinzi burambye kurusha naloxone ku birebana no kurenga urugero rwa opioide, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuba ngombwa kuri opioide zikomeye cyangwa zikora igihe kirekire. Igihe cyayo cy'amasaha 4 kugeza kuri 6 gitanga umutekano kurusha iminota 30 kugeza kuri 90 ya naloxone.

Ubu burinzi burambye bufite akamaro cyane cyane kuri fentanyl n'izindi opioide zikomeye zikorerwa mu buryo bwa sintetike zishobora gutuma ibimenyetso byo kurenga urugero rwa imiti bigaruka vuba. Igihe kirekire cya nalmefene gishobora kugabanya gukenera doze nyinshi cyangwa ibyago byo kongera kurenga urugero rwa imiti.

Ariko, naloxone imaze igihe kirekire iboneka kandi itangwa hose binyuze muri gahunda z'abaturage. Abatabazi benshi ba mbere n'abo mu miryango basanzwe bahuguwe mu kuyikoresha, kandi akenshi iboneka ku giciro gito cyangwa ku buntu.

Imiti yombi ifite akamaro kanini mu guhindura ibimenyetso byo kurenga urugero rwa imiti iyo ikoreshejwe neza. Guhitamo

Nalmefene irashobora gukoreshwa ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima mu gihe cy'uburwayi bwihutirwa, ariko bishobora gutera impinduka zikomeye mu mutima no mu mitsi y'amaraso. Uyu muti ukora mu buryo bwo guhagarika vuba ingaruka za opiyoide, bishobora gushyira umuvuduko ku mikorere y'umubiri.

Abantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima bashobora kugira umutima utera nabi, kubabara mu gituza, cyangwa impinduka mu mitsi y'amaraso uko umubiri wabo wimenyereza uyu muti. Ariko, ibi byago muri rusange biruta ubuzima buteza ubuzima bwo kurenza urugero rwa opiyoide.

Abaganga bazakurikiranira hafi imikorere y'umutima nyuma yo gutanga nalmefene kandi bashobora gutanga ubufasha ku bibazo byose by'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukwemeza ko serivisi z'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa zihamagazwa mbere yo gutanga uyu muti.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mpanutse nkanatanga nalmefene nyinshi cyane?

Biragoye gutanga nalmefene nyinshi cyane ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gutera mu mazuru, kuko buri gice kigizwe n'urugero rwapimwe mbere. Ariko, gutanga doze nyinshi igihe kimwe gusa cyari gikenewe bishobora gukomeza ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho.

Niba watanze byinshi birenze ibikenewe, guma hamwe n'umuntu umukurikirane ibimenyetso bikomeye byo gukurwaho nk'ibibazo byo gufatwa, guhagarika cyane, cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Ibi bibazo bisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'ubuvuzi.

Uwo muntu ashobora kugira isesemi nyinshi, kuruka, gucuruka, no guhangayika hamwe na doze nyinshi. Mubagumane bishimye, mubagire icyizere, kandi mwemeze ko bahabwa isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi kabone n'iyo basa nkaho bakira vuba.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba umuntu atakangutse nyuma ya nalmefene?

Niba umuntu atitabiriye mu minota 2 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma ya doze ya mbere, ushobora gukenera gutanga doze ya kabiri mu rindi zuru. Kurenza urugero rwa bimwe bikubiyemo opiyoide nyinshi cyane bisaba imiti myinshi kugirango bikurweho.

Komeza guhumeka cyangwa CPR niba wabitojwe mugihe utegereje ko umuti ukora. Uwo muntu ashobora kuba afite izindi ndwara cyangwa ashobora kuba yafashe ibindi bintu bitari opioids bitazasubiza kuri nalmefene.

Gerageza gukomeza kubakangura ukoresheje amajwi y'amajwi cyangwa kubanyeganyeza buhoro, ariko wirinde ikintu cyose cyatuma bakomereka. Abakozi b'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa bazagira imiti n'ibikoresho byinshi byo gufasha niba nalmefene yonyine itahagije.

Ni ryari umuntu ashobora kongera gukoresha opioids nyuma yo guhabwa Nalmefene?

Abantu ntibagomba kongera gukoresha opioids kugeza igihe nalmefene ivuyeho burundu mu mubiri wabo, ibyo bikaba bisaba amasaha 6 kugeza kuri 8. Gukoresha opioids vuba cyane bishobora gutera indi overdose, ishobora kuba ikomeye kurusha iya mbere.

Uwo muntu ashobora kumva ararikira cyane cyangwa ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho mugihe nk'iki, ariko gukoresha opioids kugirango agabanye ibyo byiyumvo birakabije. Kwihanganira kwabo birashobora kugabanuka, bikabahesha gukoresha doze ntoya.

Abaganga bashobora gutanga izindi nzira zitunganye zo gucunga ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho kandi bashobora kuganira kubijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo gukoresha opioids. Iki kibazo gikunze gutanga amahirwe yo guhura na serivisi zo kuvura ibiyobyabwenge no gushyigikirwa.

Nshobora guha Nalmefene umuntu ukoresha opioids kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi?

Yego, nalmefene irashobora guhabwa umuntu wese ufite overdose ya opioids, hatitawe niba bakoresha opioids kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi cyangwa kwishimisha. Uyu muti ukora kimwe kandi ushobora kurokora ubuzima muri buri gihe.

Abantu bafata imiti yandikiwe kubera gucunga ububabare bashobora guhura n'ibimenyetso bikomeye byo gukurwaho kuko imibiri yabo imenyereye urwego rwa opioids. Ariko, kurokora ubuzima bwabo bifite agaciro kanini kurusha kutumva neza by'igihe gito.

Nyuma yo guhabwa nalmefene, abantu bakoresha imiti ya opioid bahawe na muganga bagomba gukorana na muganga wabo kugira ngo basubire gukoresha imiti yabo neza. Bashobora gukenera kugenzurwa na muganga kugira ngo bafashwe mu kwihanganira ibimenyetso byo kuva ku miti no kwirinda ingorane.