Nitroglycerin ni iki: Ibikoresho, Uburyo bwo Gukoresha, Ingaruka Ziterwa n'Ibindi

Nitroglycerin ni umuti ukora vuba ufasha gufungura imitsi y'amaraso yawe, bigatuma amaraso yoroha kujya mu mutima wawe. Uyu muti ukomeye w'agahini umaze gufasha abantu bafite indwara z'umutima mu myaka irenga ijana, kandi ukomeje kuba umwe mu miti wizewe cyane mu kurwanya kuribwa mu gituza.

Ushobora kuba uzi umuntu witwaza utugahini duto munsi y'ururimi rwe mu gihe cy'ibiza, cyangwa ahari muganga wawe yaravuze uyu muti kuri wowe. Kumva uko nitroglycerin ikora birashobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi cyo kuyikoresha neza kandi neza.

Nitroglycerin ni iki?

Nitroglycerin ni umuti wo mu itsinda ryitwa nitrates, rikora mu kuruhura imitsi yoroshye mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso. Iyo imitsi yawe y'amaraso iruhutse kandi yagutse, umutima wawe ntugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso mu mubiri wawe.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo butandukanye, ariko ubwoko busanzwe ni utugahini duto dushonga munsi y'ururimi rwawe (sublingual) cyangwa ibinini byo kunywa (oral capsules) ushira mu kanwa. Ubwoko bwa sublingual bukora mu minota mike, naho ubwoko bwa oral bufata igihe kirekire ariko na bwo bumara igihe kirekire.

Tekereza nitroglycerin nk'urufunguzo rufungura imitsi y'amaraso ifunze, rukemerera amaraso gutembera neza mu mikaya y'umutima wawe. Iki gikorwa cyihuse gituma gifite agaciro gakomeye ku bantu baribwa mu gituza cyangwa abafite ibyago byo kurwara umutima.

Nitroglycerin ikoreshwa mu iki?

Nitroglycerin ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura no gukumira kuribwa mu gituza kwitwa angina, bibaho iyo imikaya y'umutima wawe idahabwa amaraso ahagije arimo umwuka wa oxygen. Ushobora kumva ibi nk'umuvumo, ukunyeganyeza, cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza kwawe bishobora gukwira mu maboko yawe, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu ruhanga.

Abaganga bandika umuti wa nitroglycerin ku mpamvu zikomeye ebyiri. Icya mbere, itanga ubufasha bwihuse mugihe cyo kurwara angina, igafasha kugabanya ububabare mumunota. Icya kabiri, irashobora gukumira angina itaraba mugihe ifashwe mbere y'ibikorwa bishobora gutera ububabare bwo mumutima, nk'imyitozo cyangwa ibihe birimo umunaniro.

Usibye angina, rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakoresha nitroglycerin mu kuvura umutima wananiwe, aho umutima wawe ugorwa no gusukaho amaraso neza. Mubitaro, birashobora kandi gufasha gucunga umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso mugihe cy'inzira zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibihe by'uburwayi bwihutirwa.

Nitroglycerin ikora ite?

Nitroglycerin ikora irekura nitric oxide mumubiri wawe, ikaba ari ikintu gisanzwe kibwira imitsi yawe y'amaraso kuruhuka no gufunguka cyane. Iyi nzira yitwa vasodilation, kandi ibaho vuba mugihe umuti winjiye mumaraso yawe.

Mugihe imitsi yawe y'amaraso yagutse, ibintu bibiri byingenzi birabaho. Umutima wawe wakira amaraso menshi arimo umwuka wa oxygen, kandi ntugomba gukora cyane kugirango usuke amaraso mumubiri wawe. Ubu buryo bufasha kugabanya ububabare bwo mumutima no kugabanya umutwaro kumutima wawe.

Uburyo bwa sublingual (munsi y'ururimi) bukora vuba kuko umuti winjira mumaraso yawe ako kanya binyuze mumaraso menshi munsi y'ururimi rwawe. Ibi birarengana sisitemu yawe yo mu gifu, niyo mpamvu ushobora kumva ubufasha mumunota wa 1-3.

Nkwiriye gufata nitroglycerin nte?

Uburyo ufata nitroglycerin biterwa nuburyo umuganga wawe yaguteye, ariko uburyo bukwiye ni ingenzi kugirango umuti ukore neza. Reka tugendere mumitwe isanzwe kugirango wumve ufite icyizere mugihe ukoresha umuti wawe.

Kubijyanye na tableti ya sublingual, banza wicare kuko umuti ushobora gutera isereri mugihe ugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe. Shyira tablet munsi y'ururimi rwawe hanyuma uyireke isesengurwe rwose utaruma, kumira, cyangwa kunywa ikintu icyo aricyo cyose. Tablet igomba gutera ururimi ruto mugihe isesengurwa, ibyo bisanzwe.

Niba ufata ibinini binyobwa, ubimire byose hamwe n'amazi. Ntugasya, urume, cyangwa umene ibinini birekura imiti gahoro gahoro, kuko ibyo bishobora gutuma umuti usohoka mwinshi icyarimwe. Ufate ibi hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa utabifata, ariko ujye ubyitwararika ku gihe.

Dore amabwiriza akurikira y'ingenzi ugomba gukurikiza iyo ufata nitroglycerin:

• Ujye wicara cyangwa uryame igihe cyose ufata ibinini byo munsi y'ururimi kugirango wirinde kugwa bitewe no kuribwa umutwe
• Ujye ubika ibinini byo munsi y'ururimi mu icupa ryabyo ry'umukara kugirango ubirinde urumuri n'ubushuhe
• Simbura ibinini byawe byo munsi y'ururimi buri mezi 6, kabone niyo icupa rituzuye
• Ntukoreshe ibinini byo munsi y'ururimi niba bitatera kumva urumuri ruto
• Fata ibinini birekura imiti gahoro gahoro ku gihe kimwe buri munsi
• Ntugahagarike gufata imiti ikora igihe kirekire utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe

Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku burwayi bwawe n'ubwoko bwa nitroglycerin yanditswe. Ujye ukurikiza amabwiriza ye buri gihe, kandi ntugatinye kubaza ibibazo niba hari ikitagenda neza.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Gite Ndafata Nitroglycerin?

Igihe uzamara ufata nitroglycerin giterwa n'uburwayi bw'umutima bwawe bwihariye n'uburyo wemera neza imiti. Abantu bamwe bayikoresha gusa iyo bakeneye kugirango bagabanye ububabare bwo mu gituza, mu gihe abandi bayifata buri gihe kugirango birinde ibitero bya angina.

Niba ukoresha ibinini byo munsi y'ururimi kugirango ugabanye ububabare bwo mu gituza bwihutirwa, ubusanzwe uzajya ubibika hamwe nawe igihe cyose nk'ingamba zo kwirinda. Muganga wawe azajya asuzuma buri gihe niba ukibikeneye ashingiye ku buzima bw'umutima wawe muri rusange n'izindi miti urimo guhabwa.

Ku bantu bafata imiti irekura gahoro gahoro buri munsi, igihe kiratandukanye cyane. Bamwe bashobora kuyikeneye amezi make mugihe bakira ibyabaye ku mutima, mu gihe abandi bafite uburwayi bw'umutima burambye bashobora kuyifata imyaka myinshi. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko urimo utera imbere kandi ahindure gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa uko bikwiye.

Ntugahagarike gufata nitroglycerin ako kanya, cyane cyane niba uyifata buri gihe. Umubiri wawe ushobora kuyimenyera, kandi kuyihagarika ako kanya bishobora gutera ububabare bukomeye mu gituza cyangwa izindi ngorane z'umutima. Buri gihe jya ukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugabanye urugero rwawo buhoro buhoro niba igihe kigeze cyo kuyihagarika.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara bya Nitroglycerin?

Ibyo bigaragara bya nitroglycerin bibaho kuko umuti ugira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso mu mubiri wawe wose, atari gusa hafi y'umutima wawe. Ibyinshi mu bigaragara ni bike kandi by'igihe gito, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ibyo witegura kugira ngo utagira impungenge zitari ngombwa.

Ibyo bigaragara bikunze kugaragara ni kubabara umutwe no kuribwa, bibaho kuko nitroglycerin yagura imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mutwe wawe kandi igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe. Ibi bikorwa mubisanzwe birushaho gukira uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru.

Dore ibyo bigaragara ushobora guhura nabyo, dutangiriye ku bikunze kugaragara:

• Kubabara umutwe (akenshi bisobanurwa nk'ukubabara cyane)
• Kuribwa cyangwa kumva uribwa, cyane cyane iyo uhagaze
• Gushyuha cyangwa kumva ushyushye mu maso no mu ijosi
• Uburwayi cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Kugira intege nke cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Umutima utera vuba cyangwa utajegajega

Ibyo bigaragara bitagaragara cyane ariko bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga. Ibi bishoboka bidasanzwe birimo kugabanuka cyane k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, kuruka, cyangwa ibikorwa by'uburwayi biterwa n'ibintu byose bifite uruhu, kubyimba, cyangwa guhumeka bigoye.

Abantu bamwe bagira ubwihangane kuri nitroglycerin, bivuze ko igenda igira akamaro gake uko igihe kigenda gihita. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibihe "bitarimo nitrate" kugira ngo bifashe kwirinda ibi, cyane cyane hamwe n'uburyo bukora igihe kirekire.

Ni Bande Batagomba Gufata Nitroglycerin?

Abantu bamwe bagomba kwirinda nitroglycerin cyangwa bakayikoresha bafite ubwitonzi bukabije kuko ishobora gutera imikoranire ikomeye cyangwa ikongera ibibazo by'ubuzima bihari. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kwandika uyu muti.

Icyo gihugu cy'ingenzi kirimo imiti ivura ubushobozi bwo gutera imboro nk'urugero rwa sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), cyangwa vardenafil (Levitra). Kuyifata hamwe na nitroglycerin bishobora gutera igabanuka ry'amaraso rishobora kwica.

Dore ibintu n'ibihe nitroglycerin itashobora kuba ifite umutekano:

• Gufata imiti ivura ubushobozi bwo gutera imboro (ntabwo byemewe rwose)
• Kubura amaraso cyane cyangwa kugabanuka kw'amaraso
• Umunaniro mwinshi mu bwonko cyangwa imvune iherutse mu mutwe
• Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibibazo by'umutima
• Indwara zikomeye z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Kugabanuka kw'amaraso (hypotension)
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe z'umutima nka hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abagore batwite kandi bonka bagomba kuganira ibyago n'inyungu na muganga wabo, kuko nitroglycerin ishobora kwambuka placenta no kwinjira mu mata y'ibere. Umuti rimwe na rimwe ukoreshwa mugihe cyo gutwita iyo inyungu ziruta ibyago.

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bintu, ntugatekereze ko udashobora gufata nitroglycerin. Muganga wawe arashobora kuyandika akoresheje ubugenzuzi bwitondewe cyangwa ingamba zidasanzwe kugirango akugumane umutekano.

Amazina ya Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, nubwo verisiyo rusange ikora neza kandi ihendutse. Urashobora kubona amazina atandukanye ku icupa ryawe ryo kwandika bitewe n'uburyo muganga wawe yanditse.

Amazina asanzwe y'ibinyabutabire bya sublingual harimo Nitrostat na Nitroquick. Ibi binini bikora vuba bishonga munsi y'ururimi rwawe kugirango bikize ububabare bw'igituza.

Kubijyanye na capsules zirekura igihe kirekire, urashobora kubona amazina nka Nitro-Time cyangwa Nitroglyn. Ibishishwa byo kwisiga ku ruhu harimo Nitro-Dur na Minitran. Umuganga wawe w'imiti ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo urimo kwakira n'uburyo bwo kubukoresha neza.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Nitroglycerin

Imiti myinshi yindi ishobora kuvura ububabare bwo mu gituza n'indwara z'umutima niba nitroglycerin itagukwiriye. Muganga wawe azareba ibimenyetso byawe byihariye, izindi ndwara ufite, n'uburyo wihanganira imiti itandukanye.

Ibindi byongera umuvuduko w'amaraso nka isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) cyangwa isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) bikora kimwe na nitroglycerin ariko bikamara igihe kirekire mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira angina aho kuvura ibibazo byihutirwa.

Ibiyobyabwenge bya beta nka metoprolol cyangwa atenolol bishobora gufasha gukumira ububabare bwo mu gituza bigabanya umuvuduko w'umutima wawe no kugabanya uko umutima wawe ukora cyane. Ibiyobyabwenge bya calcium channel nka amlodipine cyangwa diltiazem bifasha kandi mu kurekurura imitsi y'amaraso no kugabanya umurimo w'umutima.

Ku bantu bamwe, uruvange rw'imiti rukora neza kuruta umuti umwe. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba nitroglycerin hamwe n'indi miti y'umutima kugirango aguhe uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso no kurinda umutima.

Ese Nitroglycerin iruta indi miti y'umutima?

Nitroglycerin ntiruta cyangwa ngo ibe mbi kuruta indi miti y'umutima, ariko ifite uruhare rwihariye rutashobora gukorwa n'indi miti. Inyungu yayo nyamukuru ni ugukora vuba cyane mu gufasha mu gihe cy'ububabare bwo mu gituza, ikora mu minota mike iyo ishyizwe munsi y'ururimi.

Ugereranije na beta-blockers cyangwa calcium channel blockers, nitroglycerin ikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi akenshi yuzuzanya n'iyi miti yindi aho kuyisimbuza. Beta-blockers irinda ububabare bwo mu gituza igabanya umurimo w'umutima, mugihe nitroglycerin ivura ububabare bwo mu gituza ituma amaraso atembera neza mu mutima.

Umuti

Muganga wawe azagufasha gusobanukirwa uko nitroglycerin ijyana n'uburyo uvurwa muri rusange kandi niba ari wo mwanzuro ukwiye mu bihe byawe byihariye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Nitroglycerin

Q1. Ese Nitroglycerin irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, nitroglycerin muri rusange irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete kandi ntigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Ariko, abantu barwaye diyabete bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, bityo muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko diyabete ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso yawe n'imikorere yayo, bishobora gutuma wumva cyane ingaruka za nitroglycerin zo kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora gutangira n'urugero ruto hanyuma akaruhindura uko bikwiye.

Abantu bamwe barwaye diyabete bafite ibyangiritse mu mikaya bishobora guhisha ibimenyetso by'ububabare mu gituza, bigatuma bigoye kumenya igihe cyo gukoresha nitroglycerin. Korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo usobanukirwe ibimenyetso byawe byihariye n'igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bwihutirwa.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashe nitroglycerin nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba ufata nitroglycerin nyinshi bitunguranye, icara cyangwa uryame hasi ako kanya uhamagare muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubumara ako kanya. Gufata nyinshi bishobora gutera umuvuduko w'amaraso muke cyane, kubabara umutwe cyane, cyangwa kuruka.

Ibimenyetso byo gufata nitroglycerin nyinshi birimo kuribwa cyane, kuruka, guhumeka nabi, uruhu rukonje cyangwa rumeze nk'urw'ibishishwa, cyangwa umuvuduko w'umutima utinda cyane. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga.

Ku bijyanye n'ibinini byo munsi y'ururimi, ntugafate ibirenze bitatu (kimwe buri minota 5) utahamagaye ubufasha bwihutirwa. Niba ububabare bwo mu gituza bwawe butagabanutse nyuma y'ikinini cya gatatu, hamagara 911 aho gufata imiti myinshi.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije urugero rwa nitroglycerin?

Niba wirengagije urugero rwa nitroglycerin irekura igihe kirekire, ifate ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyo gufata urugero rukurikira kigeze. Ntukafate urugero rurenze rumwe icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbuze urugero rwirengagijwe.

Ku bijyanye na ibinini byo munsi y'ururimi bikoreshwa iyo bibaye ngombwa kubera kubabara mu gituza, nta gahunda isanzwe yo kubura. Ufata ibi gusa iyo ubonye ibimenyetso byo kubabara mu gituza, ukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa doze za nitroglycerin irekura igihe kirekire, ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kugufasha kwibuka, nko kuyifata ku gihe kimwe buri munsi cyangwa ukoresheje umuteguro w'ibinini.

Q4. Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata Nitroglycerin?

Ntuzigere ureka gufata nitroglycerin utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, cyane cyane niba uyifata buri gihe. Guhagarika ako kanya birashobora gutera kubabara mu gituza cyangwa izindi ngorane z'umutima.

Muganga wawe azemeza igihe byemewe guhagarika bishingiye ku ndwara y'umutima wawe, imiti yindi urimo gufata, n'uburyo ibimenyetso byawe bigenzurwa neza. Bashobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro doze yawe uko igihe kigenda cyangwa aho guhagarika byose icyarimwe.

N'iyo wumva umeze neza, ujyane ibinini byawe byo munsi y'ururimi keretse muganga wawe akubwiye byeruye ko byemewe guhagarika. Indwara z'umutima zirashobora guhinduka, kandi kugira imiti y'ubutabazi ihari bitanga uburinzi bukomeye.

Q5. Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nkanwa Nitroglycerin?

Yego, mubisanzwe urashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nkanwa nitroglycerin, ariko uzakenera gufata ingamba zimwe na zimwe no gukurikiza ubuyobozi bwa muganga wawe. Abantu benshi basanga nitroglycerin ibafasha rwose gukora imyitozo neza kurushaho binyuze mu gukumira kubabara mu gituza.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gufata ikinini cyo munsi y'ururimi mbere yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo wirinde kubabara mu gituza, cyane cyane niba ibikorwa bya fisikali byateje ibimenyetso mu gihe cyashize. Tangira buhoro buhoro kandi wongere urwego rwawe rw'ibikorwa uko ubishoboye.

Hagarika gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ako kanya niba ubonye kubabara mu gituza, isereri, cyangwa guhumeka nabi bidasanzwe. Niba nitroglycerin yo munsi y'ururimi itavura kubabara mu gituza guterwa n'imyitozo ngororamubiri, shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa aho gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.