Icyo Oprelvekin ari cyo: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Oprelvekin ni uruvange rw'imiterere ya poroteyine ifasha umubiri wawe gukora uturemangingo twinshi tw'amaraso - uturemangingo duto tw'amaraso dufasha guhagarika kuva amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira uyu muti niba ufite umubare muto w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuvurwa na shimi.

Uyu muti ukora ukurikiza ikintu gisanzwe mu mubiri wawe cyitwa interleukin-11. Tekereza nk'uko uha ubwonko bwawe akantu gato kugira ngo bukore uturemangingo twinshi tw'amaraso igihe bugoranye gukurikirana ibyo umubiri wawe ukeneye.

Oprelvekin ikoreshwa mu iki?

Oprelvekin ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira thrombocytopenia ikomeye - uburwayi aho umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ugabanuka cyane. Ibi bikunda kubaho nyuma yo kuvurwa na shimi kubera kanseri, igihe umuti ugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'ubwonko bwawe bwo gukora uturemangingo twinshi tw'amaraso.

Muganga wawe azakunda gutekereza kuri uyu muti igihe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ugabanuka munsi ya 20,000 kuri microliter y'amaraso. Umubare usanzwe w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso uri hagati ya 150,000 na 450,000, bityo ibi bigaragaza igabanuka rikomeye rishobora kukugira mu kaga ko kuva amaraso menshi.

Uyu muti wemerejwe by'umwihariko abarwayi bafite thrombocytopenia ikomeye nyuma yo kuvurwa na myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Ibi bivuze imiti ya shimi igabanya imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe, bigatuma umubiri wawe ugorana gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe.

Oprelvekin ikora ite?

Oprelvekin ikora iteza ubwonko bwawe gukora uturemangingo twinshi tw'amaraso. Ni umuti ukomeye wo hagati ugamije uturemangingo twihariye mu ubwonko bwawe bita megakaryocytes, bifite inshingano zo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso.

Uyu muti ukora nk'urufunguzo rufungura imashini yawe isanzwe ikora uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Igihe umaze guhabwa urushinge, rugenda mu ubwonko bwawe rukifatanya n'ibyakira kuri utwo turemangingo twihariye, rugatera kubikuba no gukura mu nganda zikora uturemangingo tw'amaraso.

Muri rusange, ubusanzwe utangira kubona ibisubizo mu minsi 5 kugeza ku 9 umaze gutangira kuvurwa. Umubare wawe w'utunyangingo tw'amaraso tuzamuka buhoro buhoro uko umushongi wawe w'amagufa witabira ibimenyetso by'umuti, nubwo ingaruka zose zishobora gutwara ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo zigaragare.

Ni gute nkwiriye gufata Oprelvekin?

Oprelvekin itangwa nk'urushinge rwo munsi y'uruhu, bivuze ko umuti uterwa munsi y'uruhu rwawe ukoresheje urushinge ruto. Umuganga wawe azakwigisha cyangwa umwe mu muryango wawe uko mutera izi nshinge mu rugo, kimwe n'uko abantu barwaye diyabete bitera insuline.

Ubusanzwe urugero rwawo ni mikirogaramu 50 kuri kilogramu y'uburemere bwawe, itangwa rimwe ku munsi. Muganga wawe azabara urugero rwawe nyarwo hashingiwe ku buremere bwawe n'uburwayi bwawe. Abantu benshi bahabwa urushinge mu itako ryabo, ukuboko kwabo kw'igice cyo hejuru, cyangwa mu nda, bahinduranya ahantu hatandukanye kugira ngo birinde kwangirika.

Urashobora gufata uyu muti urya cyangwa utarya, kuko uterwa aho kumira. Ariko, ni ngombwa kubika umuti neza muri firigo yawe kandi ukawureka ukagera ku bushyuhe busanzwe mbere yo kuwutera kugira ngo ugabanye kutamererwa neza.

Mbonye kumara igihe kingana iki mfata Oprelvekin?

Abantu benshi bafata oprelvekin mu minsi 10 kugeza kuri 21, bitewe n'uko umubare wabo w'utunyangingo tw'amaraso ukira vuba. Muganga wawe azakurikiza neza ibizamini by'amaraso yawe kandi ahagarike umuti igihe umubare wawe w'utunyangingo tw'amaraso ugeze ku rwego rwiza, ubusanzwe hejuru ya 50.000 kuri mikroliteri.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe butangira mu masaha 6 kugeza kuri 24 umaze kurangiza uruziga rwawe rwa chimiothérapie. Gutangira kare cyane bishobora kubangamira ubuvuzi bwawe bwa kanseri, mugihe gutangira nyuma cyane bishobora kutaguha uburinzi ukeneye bwo kurwanya kuva amaraso kudasanzwe.

Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe mu gihe uvurwa kugira ngo akurikirane umubare wawe w'utunyangingo tw'amaraso kandi amenye igihe cyiza cyo guhagarika umuti. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bugufi, mugihe abandi bashobora gukenera iminsi yose 21 y'ubuvuzi.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara bya Oprelvekin?

Kimwe n'imiti myinshi, oprelvekin ishobora gutera ibikorwa bigaragara, nubwo atari buri wese ubyumva. Ibikorwa bigaragara cyane birashobora gucungwa kandi akenshi birakosora uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti.

Dore ibikorwa bigaragara ushobora guhura nabyo cyane, dutangiriye ku bya mbere bigaragara cyane:

• Kuguma kw'amazi no kubyimba, cyane cyane mu maguru yawe, mu birenge, no hafi y'amaso yawe
• Kunanirwa no kunanuka bishobora kumvikana cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Kugufiwa umwuka, cyane cyane iyo uryamye cyangwa mugihe cy'ibikorwa byoroheje
• Umutima wihuta cyangwa umutima utera cyane
• Umutwe ushobora guhera ku woroshye ukagera ku w'igice
• Kuribwa umutwe, cyane cyane iyo uhagurutse vuba
• Isesemi no kuruka rimwe na rimwe
• Uburibwe bw'ingingo n'imitsi

Ibi bimenyetso bibaho kuko oprelvekin ishobora gutuma umubiri wawe uguma amazi, ibyo bigashyira umutwaro wiyongereye ku mutima wawe no mu mikorere y'amaraso. Abantu benshi basanga ibi bikorwa bishobora gucungwa, kandi akenshi bikosoka muminsi mike nyuma yo guhagarika umuti.

Nubwo bitagaragara cyane, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ibikorwa bigaragara bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga:

• Kugorana cyane guhumeka cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Umutima utera nabi cyangwa umutima utera cyane utagabanuka
• Kongera ibiro byihuse birenzeho ibiro 1-2 kumunsi
• Kubyimba gukabije kudakosoka no kuzamura
• Impinduka mu iyerekwa cyangwa umutwe ukabije
• Ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri nk'uruhu, kuribwa, cyangwa kubyimba mu maso

Niba uhuye n'ikimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose muri ibi bikorwa bikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'ubuvuzi. Ibi bikorwa ntibisanzwe ariko bishobora kuba bikomeye niba bitavuwe.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Oprelvekin?

Oprelvekin ntirigirwa neza kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyandika. Ibyiciro bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma uyu muti ugira akaga cyangwa ntugire akamaro ku miterere yawe.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata oprelvekin niba ufite allergie izwi ku muti cyangwa ibikubiye muri wo. Muganga wawe kandi azirinda kuwandika niba ufite ibibazo by'umutima, kuko uyu muti ushobora gukomeza kubika amazi no gushyira umuvuduko ku mikorere y'umubiri wawe.

Abantu bafite ibi bikurikira mubisanzwe ntibashobora gufata oprelvekin mu buryo bwizewe:

• Kunanirwa kw'umutima cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye by'umutima
• Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko igira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'amazi
• Amateka ya stroke cyangwa amaraso yiziritse
• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima
• Umubyigano w'amaraso utagenzurwa
• Gusama cyangwa konsa

Muganga wawe azakoresha kandi ubushishozi niba ufite ibibazo byoroheje by'umutima, ibibazo by'impyiko, cyangwa amateka yo kubika amazi. Muri ibi bihe, uzakenera gukurikiranwa hafi mu gihe cyose uvurwa kugirango wemeze ko uyu muti ukomeza kugukorera neza.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Oprelvekin

Oprelvekin izwi cyane ku izina ry'ubwoko bwa Neumega. Iri ni izina ry'ubwoko rya mbere uyu muti wemerejwe kandi ukagurishwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika.

Iyo ufata umuti wawe wanditswe, ushobora kubona "oprelvekin" cyangwa "Neumega" ku izina - byombi byerekeza ku muti umwe. Gahunda zimwe na zimwe z'ubwishingizi zishobora kugira ibyo zikunda ku izina rimwe kuruta irindi, ariko ibikubiye muri wo n'ingaruka zisa.

Uburyo bwa Oprelvekin

Niba oprelvekin itagukwiriye, muganga wawe afite ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo gufasha kongera umubare wawe wa platelet. Guhitamo biterwa n'imiterere yawe yihariye, icyateye platelet nke, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Ubuvuzi busimbuza platelet nke burimo:

• Kuvurwa amaraso y'utunyangingo tw'amaraso kugira ngo yongere vuba ariko by'igihe gito
• Eltrombopag (Promacta), umuti unyobwa mu kanwa utuma utunyangingo tw'amaraso twiyongera
• Romiplostim (Nplate), urushinge rutangwa buri cyumweru ku ndwara zihoraho
• Imiti ya Corticosteroids nka prednisone yo kurwanya utunyangingo tw'amaraso twangizwa n'umubiri
• Ubuvuzi bwa Immunoglobulin ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'umubiri

Buri kimwe muri ibyo gifite akamaro n'ingaruka zacyo. Kuvurwa amaraso y'utunyangingo tw'amaraso bikora vuba ariko bikamara iminsi mike gusa, naho imiti mishya inyobwa mu kanwa nka eltrombopag irashobora koroha kuyinywa ariko ikora mu buryo butandukanye na oprelvekin.

Ese Oprelvekin iruta Eltrombopag?

Oprelvekin na eltrombopag bikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi bikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye, bityo kimwe ntigomba kuvuga ko kiruta ikindi. Guhitamo biterwa n'indwara yawe yihariye n'ibyo ukeneye mu buvuzi.

Oprelvekin akenshi ikoreshwa mu kuvura igihe gito nyuma ya chimiothérapie, naho eltrombopag akenshi yandikirwa gukoreshwa igihe kirekire mu gucunga umubare muto w'utunyangingo tw'amaraso. Oprelvekin isaba guterwa inshinge buri munsi kandi ikora vuba, akenshi mu cyumweru, ariko ishobora gutera amazi menshi mu mubiri.

Eltrombopag iza mu buryo bw'ipilule unywa buri munsi kandi muri rusange itera amazi make mu mubiri, bigatuma byorohereza abantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima kubyihanganira. Ariko, birashobora gutwara igihe kirekire kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo kandi bisaba gukurikiranwa neza kw'imikorere y'umwijima uko igihe kigenda.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri Oprelvekin

Ese Oprelvekin irakwiriye ku ndwara z'umutima?

Oprelvekin isaba kwitonda cyane niba ufite indwara y'umutima, kuko ishobora gutera amazi menshi mu mubiri akaremerera imitsi yawe y'amaraso. Muganga wawe azagereranya neza akamaro n'ingaruka niba ufite indwara iyo ari yo yose y'umutima.

Niba ufite ibibazo byoroheje by'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika oprelvekin ariko azagukurikiranira hafi. Birashoboka ko uzakeneye kujya kwa muganga kenshi, gupima ibiro, ndetse no gufata imiti y'umutima yiyongera kugira ngo ucunge amazi mu mubiri mu buryo bwizewe.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nifashishije Oprelvekin nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba witereye urushinge rwa oprelvekin nyinshi mu buryo butunganye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Kwifashisha umuti mwinshi bishobora gutuma ingaruka zikomeza nk'uko amazi yiyongera mu mubiri, ibibazo by'umutima, no guhumeka bigoranye.

Ntugategereze ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bigaragara - hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi. Zana urushinge rw'umuti hamwe nawe kugira ngo abaganga babone neza umuti wose wafashe n'igihe wamufatiye.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciweho urugero rwa Oprelvekin?

Niba ucikanweho urugero rwa oprelvekin, rwifashishe uko wibuka, keretse igihe kigeze cyo gufata urugero rwawe ruteganyijwe. Muri urwo rubanza, reka urugero wacikanweho ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata urugero rwa kabiri icyarimwe kugira ngo wuzuze urugero wacikanweho, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago by'ingaruka. Niba utazi neza igihe, hamagara umuganga wawe kugira ngo akuyobore uko wakomeza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Oprelvekin?

Ugomba guhagarika gufata oprelvekin gusa igihe muganga wawe abikubwiye, akenshi igihe umubare wa platelet yawe ugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa 50,000 kuri mikroliteri. Abantu benshi bahagarika kuvurwa mu minsi 10 kugeza kuri 21, ariko ibi bitandukanye bitewe n'uburyo umuntu yitwara.

Muganga wawe azakurikiza neza imikorere y'amaraso yawe kandi amenye igihe cyiza cyo guhagarika bitewe n'uko platelet yawe ikira. Guhagarika kare bishobora kukugira mu kaga ko kuva amaraso mu buryo buteye ubwoba, mugihe gukomeza igihe kirekire bishobora kongera ingaruka zitari ngombwa.

Nshobora gutwara imodoka nkanwa Oprelvekin?

Oprelvekin ishobora gutera isereri, umunaniro, no guhinduka kw'imboni bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara neza. Witondere uko umuti ukugiraho ingaruka, cyane cyane mu minsi yawe ya mbere yo kuvurwa.

Niba wumva urugwiro, umunaniro ukabije, cyangwa ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose cyo mu maso, irinde gutwara imodoka kugeza ibyo bimenyetso bikize. Abantu benshi bashobora gukomeza gutwara neza, ariko ni ngombwa gushyira imbere umutekano no kumvira ibimenyetso by'umubiri wawe.