Ni iki Pegaptanib: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Pegaptanib ni umuti wihariye w'amaso ufasha kugabanya igihombo cy'ubureba ku bantu bafite indwara ya macular degeneration (AMD) iterwa n'imyaka. Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe ikura inyuma ya retina, igatuma amazi ava mu maso no mu ngorane zo kureba. Pegaptanib ikora ibyo ikingira poroteyine yitwa VEGF itera iyi mitsi y'amaraso yangiza gukura, igafasha kubungabunga ubureba bwawe bwo hagati.

Ni iki Pegaptanib ari cyo?

Pegaptanib ni umuti uterwa mu nshinge wagenewe kuvura indwara ya macular degeneration iterwa n'imyaka. Iherereye mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa anti-VEGF, bivuze ko ikingira vascular endothelial growth factor - poroteyine itera imitsi y'amaraso gukura.

Muganga wawe aterera uyu muti mu buryo butaziguye mu gice cy'amaso cyitwa vitreous gel akoresheje urushinge ruto cyane. Iyi nzira yitwa intravitreal injection, kandi nubwo bishobora gutera impungenge, ni uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe bukorerwa abarwayi batagomba kuryama mu bitaro. Uyu muti uguma ukora mu jisho ryawe mu byumweru byinshi, ukora buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde gukura kw'imitsi y'amaraso n'amazi ava mu maso.

Pegaptanib yari umwe mu miti ya mbere ya anti-VEGF yemerejwe kuvura AMD, nubwo ubu hakoreshwa ubundi buryo bushya. Yagenewe by'umwihariko kwibasira uburyo bumwe bwa VEGF, bigatuma iba uburyo bwo kuvura butoranya ugereranije n'indi miti muri iki cyiciro.

Pegaptanib ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Pegaptanib ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya macular degeneration iterwa n'imyaka, indwara ikomeye y'amaso ishobora gutera igihombo cyihuse cy'ubureba. Ubu bwoko bwa AMD bugira ingaruka ku macula yawe, igice cyo hagati cya retina yawe gishinzwe ubureba bufite ubukana, bukenewe mu gusoma, gutwara imodoka, no kumenya mu maso.

Uyu muti wagenewe by'umwihariko indwara ya AMD ikomoka ku miyoboro y'amaraso mishya, bivuze ko imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso ikura ahantu hatagomba gukura. Iyi miyoboro idasanzwe ivamo amazi n'amaraso, bigatera kubyimba no gukomereka bishobora kwangiza burundu imboni yawe. Pegaptanib ifasha kugabanya iyi nzira igabanya ibimenyetso byo gukura bishishikariza iyi miyoboro y'amaraso ifite ibibazo.

Nubwo pegaptanib ifasha kubungabunga imboni ihari no kugabanya igabanuka ry'imboni, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko akenshi idasubiza imboni yari yaratakaye. Intego ni uguhagarika no gukumira irushaho kwangirika aho gushaka kunoza imboni ihari.

Pegaptanib ikora ite?

Pegaptanib ikora ibuza VEGF-165, poroteyine yihariye itegeka umubiri wawe gukura imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso. Mu maso mazima, iyi poroteyine ifasha kubungabunga imikorere isanzwe y'imiyoboro y'amaraso, ariko muri AMD itose, irarenze ikora imiyoboro mishya yangiza.

Tekereza VEGF-165 nk'umuyobozi w'ubwubatsi utanga amabwiriza yo kubaka imiyoboro y'amaraso ahantu hatari ngombwa. Pegaptanib ikora nk'umuyobozi uhagarika ayo mabwiriza yo kubaka, akabuza ikorwa ry'imiyoboro y'amaraso ivamo amazi, idasanzwe inyuma ya retine yawe.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ufite akamaro gakabije ugereranije n'imiti mishya ya anti-VEGF. Nubwo ishobora kugabanya igabanuka ry'imboni ku bantu benshi, birashoboka ko idakora cyane nk'ubundi buvuzi buriho ubu. Umuganga w'amaso yawe azatekereza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi mugihe cyo kumenya niba pegaptanib ariyo nzira ikwiriye kuri wowe.

Ingaruka za pegaptanib ni iz'igihe gito, niyo mpamvu ukeneye inshinge za buri gihe. Uyu muti ugenda usenyuka mu jisho ryawe mu byumweru byinshi, bityo gukomeza kuvurwa buri gihe ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze kurindwa igabanuka ry'imboni.

Nkwiriye gufata pegaptanib nte?

Pegaptanib itangwa gusa n'umuganga w'amaso yawe binyuze mu nshinge zitangwa mu jisho ryawe. Ntushobora gufata uyu muti uri mu rugo, kandi bisaba ahantu hakorerwa ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi byera kugira ngo umutekano wawe wizerwe.

Mbere yo guterwa urushinge, muganga wawe azahanagura ahantu hakikije ijisho ryawe kandi ashobora kuguha amavuta agabanya ububabare kugira ngo agabanye kutumva neza. Urukinge nyarwo rufata amasegonda make gusa, nubwo gahunda yose ishobora kumara iminota 30-60 harimo gutegura no gukurikirana nyuma.

Ntabwo bisaba ko wiyiriza ubusa cyangwa wirinda kurya mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, ariko ugomba gutegura umuntu wo kukujyana mu rugo nyuma. Icyerekezo cyawe gishobora guhuma by'agateganyo, kandi ushobora kugira ubworoherane bw'urumuri mu masaha make nyuma yo guterwa urushinge.

Nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, muganga wawe ashobora gutanga inama yo gukoresha amavuta yo mu maso arwanya mikorobe mu minsi mike kugira ngo wirinde kwandura. Ugomba kandi kwirinda gukora ku maso yawe kandi ukayagumisha isuku kandi yumye mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri ya mbere.

Nzamara igihe kingana iki mfata Pegaptanib?

Ubuvuzi bwa Pegaptanib busanzwe bukubiyemo inshinge zisanzwe buri byumweru 6, kandi birashoboka ko uzakenera ubuvuzi burambye igihe cyose ufite AMD ikora. Ibi ni indwara idakira isaba imicungire ihoraho kugira ngo ikomeze inyungu z'ubuvuzi.

Umuganga w'amaso yawe azakurikiza uko witwara ku buvuzi binyuze mu bizami by'amaso bisanzwe n'ibizamini by'amashusho. Abantu bamwe bashobora kubona icyerekezo cyabo gihagarara mu mezi make ya mbere, mugihe abandi bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bwinshi mbere yo kubona impinduka.

Igihe cy'ubuvuzi gitandukanye cyane ku muntu ku giti cye. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera inshinge za pegaptanib mumyaka myinshi, mugihe abandi bashobora kwimukira mubindi byavurwa cyangwa bagahura n'indwara itera impinduka muri gahunda yabo y'ubuvuzi.

Ni ingenzi kutahagarika imiti ako kanya, n'iyo ureba ko amaso yawe asa n'ayoroheje. Indwara yihishe itera imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe iracyahari, kandi guhagarika imiti bishobora gutuma uhita utakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara byo gukoresha Pegaptanib ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi bakoresha neza pegaptanib, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe biterwa n'uburyo inshinge ziterwa kurusha imiti ubwayo.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura nabyo:

• Urubavu mu jisho cyangwa kutumva neza mu maso iminsi ibiri nyuma yo guterwa urushinge
• Kureba ibintu bitajegajega cyangwa guhinduka mu maso by'igihe gito
• Kumva ko hari ikintu kiri mu jisho ryawe
• Uruzi rw'amaso rwinshi
• Umutuku muto cyangwa kurakara hafi yaho inshinge zatewe
• Utuntu duto tuzerera mu maso yawe (floaters)
• Kutihanganira urumuri mu maso amasaha make nyuma yo kuvurwa

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bikunda gukira mu minsi mike kandi muri rusange ntibitera impungenge. Ariko, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba bikomeje cyangwa bikiyongera.

Hariho kandi ibimenyetso bikomeye ariko bidasanzwe bisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bwa muganga. Nubwo izi ngorane zitaba kenshi, ni ingenzi kuzimenya:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bw'ijisho (endophthalmitis)
• Ukwiyongera gukomeye kw'umuvuduko w'ijisho
• Kutagira umwanya w'ijisho
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyane
• Urubavu rukomeye mu jisho rurambye
• Kugaragara kw'utuntu twinshi tuzerera mu maso ako kanya
• Urumuri rugaragara cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba nk'umwenda

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, cyane cyane mu minsi mike nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, vugana n'umuganga w'amaso ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa bwa muganga.

Ni bande batagomba gufata Pegaptanib?

Pegaptanib ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza niba ari umutekano kuri wowe. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso cyangwa indwara ntibagomba guhabwa ubu buvuzi.

Ntabwo ugomba guhabwa pegaptanib niba ufite indwara y'ijisho ikora cyangwa kubyimba mu ijisho ryawe cyangwa hafi yaryo. Ibi birimo indwara nka conjunctivitis, uveitis, cyangwa ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose bwa bagiteri, virusi, cyangwa fungus itaravurwa neza.

Abantu bafite allergie zizwi kuri pegaptanib cyangwa ibice byayo byose bagomba kwirinda uyu muti. Niba waragize allergie ku yindi miti irwanya VEGF, gerageza kubiganiraho na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa.

Izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso zirashobora gutuma pegaptanib idakwiriye cyangwa igasaba ingamba zidasanzwe. Muganga wawe azagomba gusuzuma niba ufite glaucoma ikomeye, kubagwa amaso vuba aha, cyangwa izindi ngorane za retinal zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingorane.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, ganira ku byago n'inyungu na muganga wawe. Mugihe hari amakuru make kuri ingaruka za pegaptanib mugihe utwite, muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu zishoboka n'ibyago byose bishoboka kuri wowe no kumwana wawe.

Amazina ya Pegaptanib

Pegaptanib icururizwa munsi yizina rya Macugen mumihanda myinshi aho iboneka. Iri niryo zina ryibanze ryubucuruzi uzabona kumiti yanditswe na muganga no mumyandiko yubuvuzi.

Ibihugu bimwe bishobora kugira amazina atandukanye cyangwa verisiyo rusange ziboneka, ariko Macugen iracyakomeza kuba izina ryizina rizwi cyane kuri pegaptanib. Muganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiti arashobora kwemeza izina ryihariye rikoreshwa aho uherereye.

Mugihe uvugana nabaganga kubyerekeye kuvurwa kwawe, urashobora kwita kumuti wawe pegaptanib cyangwa Macugen, kandi bazumva ko urimo kuvuga umuti umwe.

Izindi miti isimbura Pegaptanib

Imiti myinshi irwanya VEGF iraboneka mugufasha kuvura AMD itose, kandi myinshi ubu ikoreshwa cyane kuruta pegaptanib. Muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza izi nzira zindi zishingiye kubyo ukeneye byihariye no gusubiza mumiti.

Ranibizumab (Lucentis) ni umuti mushya urwanya VEGF akenshi ukora neza kurusha pegaptanib. Ikomanga ubwoko bwinshi bwa VEGF aho gukomanga rumwe gusa, bishobora gutanga ibisubizo byiza ku barwayi benshi.

Bevacizumab (Avastin) ni ubundi buryo bukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe hanze y'icyapa mu kuvura AMD. Nubwo itarashyirwaho byumwihariko indwara z'amaso, abaganga benshi barayikoresha kuko ikora neza kandi ihendutse kurusha ubundi buryo.

Aflibercept (Eylea) ni umuti mushya ukomanga VEGF n'indi poroteyine yitwa PlGF. Akenshi bisaba inshinge nkeya kurusha izindi mvura, ibyo bishobora korohereza abarwayi.

Umuvuzi w'amaso yawe azatekereza ibintu nk'uburemere bw'indwara yawe, amateka y'imivurire, ubwishingizi, n'ibyo ukunda wowe ubwawe mugihe asaba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura kuri wowe.

Ese Pegaptanib iruta Ranibizumab?

Ranibizumab (Lucentis) akenshi ifatwa nk'ikora neza kurusha pegaptanib mu kuvura AMD itose. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye ko ranibizumab akenshi itanga ibisubizo byiza byo kureba kandi bishobora guteza imbere imboni aho gusa gutinda gutakaza imboni.

Itandukaniro rikuru ni uko ranibizumab ikomanga ubwoko bwose bwa VEGF, mugihe pegaptanib ikomanga ubwoko bumwe bwihariye (VEGF-165). Iyi komanga yagutse akenshi ivuga ku bisubizo byiza byo kuvura ku barwayi benshi.

Ariko, pegaptanib irashobora kuba ikwiriye kubantu bamwe, cyane cyane abatarabonye ibisubizo byiza ku zindi mvura cyangwa bafite indwara zihariye zituma izindi mvura zitakwiriye. Muganga wawe azatekereza uko wowe ubayeho mugihe ahitamo hagati yiyi miti.

Imiti yombi ifite imiterere y'umutekano isa, bityo guhitamo akenshi biterwa n'imikorere n'ibintu byoroshye nk'uburyo inshinge ziterwa n'ibitekerezo by'ikiguzi.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Pegaptanib

Ese Pegaptanib irakwiriye abarwayi ba diyabete?

Yego, pegaptanib muri rusange iratekanye ku bantu barwaye diyabete, ariko muganga wawe azagomba kugukurikiranira hafi. Diyabete ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso mu mubiri wawe wose, harimo n'iyo mu maso yawe, bityo muganga w'amaso yawe azashaka kureba impinduka zose zigaragara muri diyabete yawe ya retinopati.

Niba ufite diyabete ya macular edema hamwe na AMD, muganga wawe ashobora gukenera guhindura gahunda yawe y'imiti. Rimwe na rimwe abantu barwaye diyabete bakeneye imiti itandukanye cyangwa imiti ihuriweho kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo byombi neza.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije urukingo rwa Pegaptanib?

Niba wibagiwe urukingo rwa pegaptanib rwatanzwe, vugana n'ibiro bya muganga w'amaso yawe vuba bishoboka kugira ngo utegereze. Ntukagire igihe kigera ku gihe cyo gusuzumwa gisanzwe, kuko icyuho mu miti gishobora gutuma uburwayi bwawe burushaho kuba bubi.

Muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kukubona mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo gusuzumwa kwawe kwibagiwe kugira ngo asuzume uburwayi bwawe bw'amaso kandi amenye igihe cyiza cyo gutanga urukingo rukurikira. Kwibagirwa urukingo rumwe mubisanzwe ntizitera ingaruka zirambye, ariko imiti ihoraho ni ingenzi kugira ngo urinde icyerekezo cyawe.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ngize ingaruka zikomeye?

Niba ubonye ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso, guhumuka mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwandu nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa pegaptanib, vugana n'umuganga w'amaso yawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye bikeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Bika amakuru ya muganga wawe yo guhamagara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi, kandi ntugatinye guhamagara niba ufite impungenge ku bimenyetso byose. Buri gihe biruta kwitonda iyo bigeze ku cyerekezo cyawe n'ubuzima bw'amaso yawe.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Pegaptanib?

Ugomba guhagarika imiti ya pegaptanib gusa ukurikije ubuyobozi bwa muganga wawe. N'iyo icyerekezo cyawe kisa nkaho gihagaze, uburwayi bwihishe butera imikurire idasanzwe y'imiyoboro y'amaraso buracyahari, kandi guhagarika imiti bishobora gutuma uhumuka vuba.

Umuvuzi wawe azajya akurikirana uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze akoresheje ibizamini by'amaso n'ibizamini by'amashusho. Niba AMD yawe itagikora cyangwa niba ugize ibibazo bituma gukomeza kuvurwa bitagifitiye akamaro, bazaganira ku guhagarika cyangwa guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa.

Nshobora gutwara imodoka nyuma yo guterwa urushinge rwa Pegaptanib?

Ntugomba gutwara imodoka ako kanya nyuma yo guterwa urushinge rwa pegaptanib. Amavuta agabanya ububabare n'urushinge ubwarwo bishobora guhindura igihe gito imboni yawe, bigatuma bidatekanye gutwara imodoka amasaha menshi nyuma yaho.

Teganya ko hari umuntu uzakujyana kandi akakugarura mu gihe cyo kwisuzumisha, cyangwa utegure ubundi buryo bwo kugenda. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe, harimo no gutwara imodoka, umunsi ukurikira guterwa urushinge rwawe igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyahinduye imboni y'amaso cyakemutse.