Icyo Peginesatide ari cyo: Ibikoreshwa, Uburyo bwo kuyifata, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Peginesatide ni umuti ukorwa mu buryo bwa gihanga wari ugamije kuvura amaraso make mu bantu barwaye indwara z'impyiko zidakira bari ku byuma byo gukaraba amaraso. Ukora mu gushishikariza umushongi w'amagufa yawe gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twinshi, kimwe n'uko umusemburo wawe w'umubiri wa erythropoietin ukora. Ariko, uyu muti wavanywe ku isoko mu mwaka wa 2013 kubera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano, harimo ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri byatumye abantu bajyanwa mu bitaro ndetse n'urupfu.

Peginesatide ni iki?

Peginesatide yari umuti wa poroteyine wakozwe n'abantu wigana imikorere ya erythropoietin mu mubiri wawe. Erythropoietin ni umusemburo impyiko zawe zikora mu buryo busanzwe kugira ngo zitegeke umushongi w'amagufa yawe gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura. Iyo impyiko zawe zangiritse kubera indwara idakira, ntizishobora gukora uyu musemburo uhagije, bigatuma amaraso make abaho.

Uyu muti wari warateguwe by'umwihariko ku bantu barwaye indwara z'impyiko zidakira bari guhabwa ubuvuzi bwo gukaraba amaraso. Yatangwaga mu nshinge rimwe mu kwezi, ibyo bikaba byari byoroshye kurusha indi miti isa nk'iyo yasabaga kuyifata kenshi. Ikibabaje, peginesatide ntikiboneka ngo ikoreshwe kubera ibibazo by'umutekano byagaragaye nyuma yo kwemezwa kwayo.

Peginesatide yakoreshwaga mu kuvura iki?

Peginesatide yakoreshwaga mu kuvura amaraso make mu bantu bakuru barwaye indwara z'impyiko zidakira bari ku byuma byo gukaraba amaraso. Aho amaraso make abera iyo udafite uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura duhagije kugira ngo twemere umwuka wa oxygène mu mubiri wawe, bigatuma wumva unaniwe, ufite intege nke, kandi ufite umwuka mubi.

Abantu barwaye indwara z'impyiko akenshi barwara amaraso make kuko impyiko zabo zangiritse ntizishobora gukora erythropoietin ihagije. Ibi bituma habaho uruziga aho umubiri wawe uhanganye no gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukenewe. Peginesatide yari yarateguwe kugira ngo yinjire kandi itange icyo kimenyetso cyaburaga ku mushongi w'amagufa yawe.

Umuti wemerejwe gusa abarwayi bari guhabwa imiti ivura impyiko. Ntabwo wari ugenewe abantu barwaye indwara y'impyiko idakaze cyangwa abataratangira guhabwa imiti ivura impyiko. Muganga wawe yari kubitekerezaho niba izindi miti itakoraga neza bihagije mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bya anemia yawe.

Peginesatide yakoraga ite?

Peginesatide yakoraga yifatanya n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri tw'amagufa twakira erythropoietin karemano. Bitekereze nk'ukoresha urufunguzo rwinjira mu gikingi kimwe n'umusemburo karemano w'umubiri wawe wakoreshaga. Iyo yifatanyije, yateje uturemangingo tw'amagufa gutangira gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso.

Umuti wafatwaga nk'uburyo bukomeye bwo kuvura kuko washoboraga kongera cyane umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Ariko, iyi mbaraga yanasobanuraga ko byari ngombwa gukurikiranwa neza kugira ngo birinde ko umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe wiyongera vuba cyangwa cyane, ibyo bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye.

Ubusanzwe umubiri wawe watangira gusubiza kuri peginesatide mu byumweru bike, nubwo byashobora gufata amezi atatu kugira ngo ubone ingaruka zose. Umuti wagumye ukora mu mubiri wawe hafi ukwezi, niyo mpamvu byari ngombwa ko utangwa rimwe mu kwezi.

Peginesatide yagombaga gufatwa ite?

Peginesatide yatangwaga nk'urushinge rwatewe mu urugingo rw'umubiri (intravenously) cyangwa munsi y'uruhu (subcutaneously) rimwe mu kwezi. Umuganga wawe yari gutanga uyu muti mu gihe cyo guhabwa imiti ivura impyiko cyangwa mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi. Ntabwo wari ikintu ushobora gufata wenyine mu rugo.

Urukinge ntirusabaga gutegurwa by'umwihariko ku bijyanye n'ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa. Washoboraga kurya bisanzwe mbere na nyuma yo guhabwa umuti. Muganga wawe yari gufata umwanzuro w'urugero rukwiye hashingiwe ku gipimo cyawe, umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe, n'uburyo wari gusubiza ku miti.

Mbere yo guterwa urushinge rwose, itsinda ry'abaganga bakwitaho ryari kuba ryaragenzuye umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe kandi rigasuzuma ibisubizo bya laboratoire byawe bya vuba aha. Bari no kukurikiranira hafi ibimenyetso byose byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri, cyane cyane mu doze zawe za mbere igihe kwibasirwa byari gushoboka cyane.

Ni igihe kingana iki umuti wa Peginesatide wari gukoreshwa?

Igihe cyo kuvura na peginesatide cyari kuba cyaragiye gitandukana bitewe n'uburyo wabyakiriye n'uburyo wihanganira umuti. Abantu benshi bari gukomeza kuvurwa igihe cyose amaraso make yabo yakomeje kandi umuti ufasha utateje ingaruka zikomeye.

Muganga wawe yari kuba yaragenzuye cyane urwego rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe atukura, akenshi akabipima buri byumweru bike mbere, hanyuma buri kwezi igihe urwego rwawe rwahagarara. Niba amaraso make yawe yarushijeho kuzamuka cyane cyangwa niba wari ufite ingaruka ziteye impungenge, muganga wawe ashobora kuba yarahinduye urugero cyangwa agatekereza guhindurira ku bundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Kuva peginesatide yakurwa ku isoko, umuntu wese wari uyikoresha yari kuba yarahinduriwe ku bindi byavura amaraso make. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakwitaho ryari kuba ryarakoranye nawe kugirango ribone uburyo bwo kuvura bwiza cyane kubera ibibazo byawe byihariye.

Ni izihe ngaruka zatewe na Peginesatide?

Peginesatide yari ifite ingaruka nyinshi zishoboka, kuva ku zoroheje kugeza ku ziteje ubuzima akaga. Ikintu cyari giteye impungenge cyane ni ukwibasirwa gukomeye n'umubiri, byatumye umuti ukurwa ku isoko. Uku kwibasirwa kwashoboraga kuba ako kanya kandi guteje akaga, bigasaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Ingaruka zisanzwe abantu bahuye nazo harimo:

• Kubura imitsi no kuribwa
• Kuribwa mu mugongo
• Inkorora
• Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso
• Impiswi
• Isesemi
• Ukubura amaboko cyangwa amaguru

Izi ngaruka za buri munsi muri rusange zirashobora gucungwa kandi akenshi zikagenda zikemuka igihe umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Ariko, byari bikiri ngombwa kubimenyesha itsinda ry'abaganga bakwitaho.

Ingaruka zikomeye zateye ikurwaho rya peginesatide zari ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura mu mubiri byitwa anaphylaxis. Ibi bimenyetso byashoboraga gutera ingorane zo guhumeka, igabanuka rikomeye ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso, kubyimba mu maso no mu muhogo, kandi byashoboraga kwica iyo bitavuwe ako kanya. Abantu bamwe kandi bahuye n'ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso, harimo guturika kw'umutima na stroke.

Amabara y'amaraso yari ikindi kibazo gikomeye, cyane cyane ahantu hakoreshwaga dialysis. Uyu muti kandi washoboraga gutuma urwego rw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ruzamuka vuba cyane, bigatuma umuvuduko w'amaraso uzamuka cyane mu buryo buteye akaga n'izindi ngorane.

Ni bande batagombaga gufata Peginesatide?

Abantu benshi batagombaga gufata peginesatide, kabone n'iyo yariho. Umuntu wese wari ufite allergie izwi kuri peginesatide cyangwa kimwe mu bigize yo yagombaga kwirinda uyu muti rwose. Abantu bafite umuvuduko w'amaraso udakontrolwa na bo ntibari abakandida beza bo kuvurwa.

Abagore batwite kandi bonka bari baragiriwe inama yo kutagira peginesatide kubera kubura amakuru ahagije y'umutekano. Ingaruka z'uyu muti ku bana bakiri bato ntizari zarasobanuka neza, bituma biba akaga gakomeye gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa mu gihe cyo konsa.

Abantu bafite ubwoko runaka bwa kanseri, cyane cyane izo zireba amaraso cyangwa umushongi w'amagufa, ntibagombaga gukoresha peginesatide. Uyu muti washoboraga gutera imikurire y'uturemangingo twa kanseri muri ibyo bihe. Byongeye kandi, umuntu wese wari ufite amateka y'ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku miti isa na yo yari afite ibyago byinshi.

Abafite indwara zandura cyangwa ibibazo byo mu mubiri byashoboraga gukenera gutegereza kugeza ibi bibazo bikemutse mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa. Uburyo umubiri wawe witwara kuri peginesatide bushoboraga kuba butunguranye iyo uhanganye n'izindi ngorane z'ubuzima icyarimwe.

Izina ry'ubwoko bwa Peginesatide

Peginesatide yagurishwaga ku izina rya Omontys muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iri ni ryo zina ryonyine ryakoreshwaga mu kwamamaza uyu muti mbere y'uko ukurwa ku isoko mu mwaka wa 2013.

Uyu muti watejwe imbere na Affymax kandi wamamajwe ku bufatanye na Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Wahawe uburenganzira na FDA muri Werurwe 2012 ariko wakurwaga ku bushake n'abawukora muri Gashyantare 2013 kubera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano.

Izindi nzira zishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cya Peginesatide

Hariho izindi nzira nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cya peginesatide zishobora kuvura anemia mu bantu barwaye indwara ya kronike y'impyiko. Iyi miti ikora kimwe na kimwe mu gushishikariza umubiri gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso, ariko ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoreshwa no gukoreshwa mu gihe gito.

Izindi nzira zikoreshwa cyane zirimo:

• Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) - itangwa inshuro 1-3 mu cyumweru
• Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) - itangwa buri cyumweru cyangwa buri byumweru bibiri
• Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (Mircera) - itangwa buri kwezi

Iyi miti imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa kurusha peginesatide kandi ifite amateka y'umutekano yashimangiwe. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku byo ukeneye, inshuro ushobora kuza gufata inshinge, n'uburyo wihanganira buri muti.

Ubwoko bw'isupu y'icyuma bukoreshwa cyane hamwe n'iyi miti kugira ngo umubiri wawe ugire icyuma gihagije cyo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso twiza. Abantu bamwe bashobora kandi kungukirwa no guterwa amaraso mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nubwo ibi bikunze gukorerwa abafite ibibazo bikomeye.

Ese Peginesatide yari nziza kurusha Epoetin alfa?

Peginesatide na epoetin alfa byombi byari bifite akamaro mu kuvura anemia mu bantu barwaye indwara ya kronike y'impyiko, ariko byari bifite ibyiza n'ibibi bitandukanye. Inyungu nyamukuru ya Peginesatide yari uburyo bwo kuyitanga rimwe mu kwezi, ugereranije n'uko epoetin alfa yari ikeneye inshinge 1-3 mu cyumweru.

Mubijyanye n'ubushobozi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko peginesatide yashoboye gukomeza urwego rwa hemoglobin nk'uko epoetin alfa yabigenzaga. Imiti yombi yashoboraga kuvura neza anemia no kugabanya umubare w'amaraso mu barwayi benshi.

Ariko, uko peginesatide yari ifite umutekano byagaragaye ko ari bibi cyane kurusha epoetin alfa. Ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura byatumye peginesatide ikurwaho ntibyasanzwe bikunze kuboneka kuri epoetin alfa, imaze imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa neza. Ibi bituma epoetin alfa iba iy'ingenzi muri rusange, nubwo bisaba inshinge nyinshi.

Uyu munsi, epoetin alfa iracyari uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe bufite amateka meza y'umutekano. Nubwo korohereza gukoresha buri kwezi byashimishije, ibyago bikomeye bifitanye isano na peginesatide byatumye bitakwemerwa gukomeza kuyikoresha.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri Peginesatide

Q1. Ese Peginesatide irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Igihe peginesatide yari iboneka, abantu barwaye diyabete bafite kandi indwara y'impyiko idakira bashoboraga gukoresha uyu muti, ariko byasabaga kwitonda cyane. Diyabete akenshi itera indwara y'impyiko, kandi abantu benshi bafite ibi bibazo byombi bagira anemia ikeneye kuvurwa.

Ariko, abantu barwaye diyabete bakunda kugira ibyago byinshi by'ibibazo by'umutima n'imitsi, bishobora kwiyongera n'ingaruka za peginesatide. Imbaraga z'uyu muti zo kuzamura umuvuduko w'amaraso no kongera ibyago byo gupfuka amaraso byatumye bitera impungenge cyane ku barwayi ba diyabete. Muganga wawe yari kubanza gupima ibi byago neza mbere yo kwandikira peginesatide umuntu ufite diyabete.

Q2. Nakora iki niba nkoresheje peginesatide nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Kurenza urugero rwa peginesatide byari kuba ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubuvuzi gisaba ubufasha bwihuse mu bitaro. Gukoresha uyu muti mwinshi bishobora gutuma urwego rwa selile zitukura z'amaraso ruzamuka cyane, bigatuma umuvuduko w'amaraso uzamuka cyane, amaraso apfuka, ibibazo by'umutima, na situroke.

Kubera ko peginesatide yatangwaga gusa n'abaganga mu mavuriro, kwikubita inshuro byari kuba bike. Ariko, niba byabaga, kuvura byari kwibanda ku gucunga ingorane, nk'ugucunga umuvuduko w'amaraso no gukumira amaraso gupfuka. Nta muti wihariye wari uhari wo kuvura kwikubita inshuro kwa peginesatide.

Q3. Nakora iki niba nciwe urukingo rwa Peginesatide?

Niba waracikanwe inshinge ya peginesatide yari iteganyijwe, wari gukenera guhamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya kugira ngo uteganye indi. Gucikanwa n'inkingo byashoboraga gutuma amaraso yawe agabanuka, bigatuma unanirwa, ukagira intege nke, n'ibindi bimenyetso bigaruka.

Umuvuzi wawe yari gufata icyemezo cy'igihe cyiza cyo gufata urukingo rwawe rwasibye hashingiwe igihe wacikanywe n'urukingo n'urwego rw'amaraso yawe atukura. Bashoboraga guhindura imiti yawe ikurikira kugira ngo ugaruke ku murongo w'imiti yawe. Byari ngombwa kutagerageza kwishyura imiti yasibye wenyine.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Peginesatide?

Icyemezo cyo guhagarika peginesatide cyari gufatwa n'umuganga wawe hashingiwe ku bintu bitandukanye. Niba imikorere y'impyiko yawe yarushijeho kuzamura cyane, umubiri wawe washoboraga gutangira kongera erythropoietin karemano, bituma umuti utaba ngombwa.

Wari guhagarika kandi gufata peginesatide niba wari ufite ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwivumbura ku miti. Mu bihe byinshi, ariko, abantu barwaye indwara y'impyiko idakira bakoresha dialysis bari gukenera gukomeza uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura amaraso make mu gihe kirekire. Igihe peginesatide yavanyweho, abarwayi bahinduriwe imiti yindi aho guhagarika kuvura amaraso make rwose.

Q5. Kuki Peginesatide yavanywe ku isoko?

Peginesatide yakurwa ku isoko muri Gashyantare 2013 kubera raporo z'ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwanga imiti rimwe na rimwe bigahitana. Nyuma y'uko umuti wemezwa kandi ugakoreshwa cyane, abaganga batangiye gutanga raporo z'ibibazo bikomeye bya anaphylaxis byasabaga ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

FDA n'abakora imiti bamenye ko ibyago by'ibi bimenyetso byo guhitana byari byinshi cyane ku buryo bakomeza gucuruza umuti. Hafashwe icyemezo cyo kwisubiza ku bushake ibicuruzwa byose bya peginesatide no guhagarika ikoreshwa ryayo. Abarwayi bakoreshaga peginesatide bahinduriwe uburyo bwo kuvurwa butekanye kurusha ubwo bwari busanzweho bwo kuvura anemia yabo.