Icyo Prasugrel ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Prasugrel ni umuti wandikirwa ugabanya amaraso ufasha kwirinda amaraso y'amaraso ateje akaga mu miyoboro yawe y'amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira uyu muti niba waragize umutima utera cyangwa ububabare bukomeye mu gituza kandi ukeneye uburyo nk'ubwo bwo gukora angioplasty kugirango ufungure imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye. Tekereza prasugrel nk'umufasha w'umubiri wawe mu kugumisha amaraso atembera neza mu miyoboro y'umutima wawe, kugabanya ibyago byo kongera kugira umutima utera cyangwa sitiroki.

Prasugrel ni iki?

Prasugrel ni umwe mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa imiti irwanya platelet, ikora mugukingira uturemangingo duto tw'amaraso twitwa platelet kugirango twegerane. Iyo platelet zegeranye, zishobora gukora amaraso ateje akaga aziba amaraso ajya mu mutima wawe cyangwa mu bwonko. Uyu muti wagenewe abantu bafite indwara ya koroner ya koroner, ikaba ari indwara ikomeye y'umutima irimo umutima utera n'ububabare butajegajega mu gituza.

Muganga wawe azasanzwe yandika prasugrel hamwe na aspirine nk'igice cy'icyitwa ubuvuzi bwa antiplatelet. Ubu bufatanye butanga uburinzi bukomeye kurwanya amaraso kurusha imiti yombi yonyine. Prasugrel ifatwa nk'umuti ukomeye ugabanya amaraso kurusha izindi mpuzandengo, ibyo bituma bikora neza cyane ariko kandi bisaba gukurikiranwa neza.

Prasugrel ikoreshwa kubera iki?

Prasugrel ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwirinda amaraso mu bantu bafite indwara ya koroner ya koroner bakorerwa uburyo bwo kuvura bita percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI ni ubuvuzi aho abaganga bashyira imbere agahurizo gato cyangwa stent kugirango bafungure imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye mu mutima wawe. Uyu muti ufasha kugumisha iyi miyoboro y'amaraso ifunguye neza kandi ukabuza amaraso mashya gukora.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira prasugrel niba warwaye umutima cyangwa ufite angina idahagije, ari uburibwe bukomeye bwo mu gituza bubaho iyo umutsi w'umutima wawe utabona amaraso ahagije. Uyu muti ugenewe abantu bateganya gukorerwa cyangwa bamaze gukorerwa angioplasty hamwe no gushyirwaho stent. Uku gukoresha byihariye bifasha kumenya neza ko ubona inyungu nyinshi mugihe ugabanya ibyago bitari ngombwa.

Prasugrel ikora ite?

Prasugrel ikora ibara ibice byihariye kuri platelets yawe byitwa P2Y12 receptors. Iyo izi receptors zibariwe, platelets yawe ntizishobora kwakira ibimenyetso bya chimique bisanzwe bibabwira kwifatanya hamwe no gukora ibibumbe. Iki gikorwa cyo kubara kimara igihe cyose platelets yawe zibaho, ni ukuvuga iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ukomeye cyane ugereranije n'izindi nini z'amaraso nka clopidogrel. Nubwo iyi mbaraga ituma ikora neza cyane mu kurinda ibibumbe, bisobanura kandi ko amaraso yawe azatinda gukora ibibumbe niba wacitse cyangwa wagize ikibazo. Uyu muti ugomba gukoreshwa n'umwijima wawe mbere yo gukora, ibyo bikunda kuba nyuma y'amasaha make ukoresheje urugero rwawe rwa mbere.

Nkwiriye gufata prasugrel nte?

Fata prasugrel nk'uko muganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi rimwe ku munsi hamwe cyangwa nta funguro. Urashobora kuyifata n'amazi, amata, cyangwa umutobe, icyo cyose wumva cyiza kuri wowe. Uyu muti ukora neza kimwe niba uyifata ku gifu cyangwa hamwe n'amafunguro, bityo urashobora guhitamo igihe gihuye neza n'ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Abantu benshi basanga bifasha gufata prasugrel ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugirango bagumane urwego rumwe mu maraso yabo. Niba urimo no gufata aspirine, urashobora gufata imiti yombi icyarimwe cyangwa ukuyitandukanya, icyo muganga wawe agusaba. Ntukavunagure, utahe cyangwa uteme ibinini, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umuti winjira mu mubiri wawe.

Ubuganga bwawe bushobora gutangira kuguha urugero rwinshi, urwo rukaba ari urugero rwinshi ku munsi wawe wa mbere kugirango imiti ikore vuba. Nyuma yaho, uzajya ufata urugero ruto rwa buri munsi. Urugero rusanzwe ni 10 mg rimwe ku munsi, nubwo muganga wawe ashobora kugutera 5 mg niba urengeje imyaka 75 cyangwa ufite ibiro bikeya bya 132.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Gite Ndafashe Prasugrel?

Igihe cyo kuvura na prasugrel gitandukanye bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga. Abantu benshi barayifata byibuze amezi 12 nyuma yo kubagwa ku mutima, kuko iki gihe gitanga uburinzi bwinshi kuva ku gukora ibice by'amaraso byangiza. Muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu zo gukomeza kwirinda gukora ibice by'amaraso n'akaga kawe ko kuva amaraso kugirango amenye igihe gikwiye kuri wewe.

Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera gufata prasugrel igihe kirekire kirenze umwaka, cyane cyane niba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima mu gihe kizaza. Abandi bashobora guhagarara mbere niba bagize ibibazo byo kuva amaraso cyangwa bakeneye kubagwa. Muganga wawe azajya asuzuma buri gihe uko ugenda kandi ahindure gahunda yawe yo kuvura uko bikwiye.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata prasugrel ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, kabone niyo wumva umeze neza. Guhagarara ako kanya birashobora kongera ibyago byawe byo gukora ibice by'amaraso kandi bishobora gutera umutima cyangwa sitiroki. Niba ukeneye guhagarika imiti impamvu iyo ari yo yose, muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yo kubikora neza.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Bya Prasugrel?

Kimwe n'imiti yose ituma amaraso atavura, prasugrel irashobora kongera ibyago byawe byo kuva amaraso, icyo kikaba ari ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitondera. Ibi birashobora kuva ku kuva amaraso gake nk'amazuru cyangwa gukomeretsa byoroshye kugeza ku kuva amaraso imbere bikomeye. Kumva ibi bikorwa bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga.

Ibikorwa bisanzwe abantu benshi bahura nabyo birimo:

• Gukomeretswa byoroshye cyangwa ibikomere biza nta gukomereka
• Umuvuduko w'amazuru utinda guhagarara
• Gushoka kw'ishinya iyo ukora amenyo
• Utubara duto tw'umutuku cyangwa tw'umwenda ku ruhu rwawe
• Umutwe, cyane cyane mu byumweru bya mbere
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva ureremba

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bikunze kuba byoroheje kandi bikunze gukira uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Ariko, ugomba kubivuga kwa muganga wawe mu gihe cyo kugenzurwa kwawe kwa buri gihe.

Ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga kandi zirimo:

• Gushoka cyane kudahagarara nyuma y'iminota 10 yo gukanda ahantu hakomeretse
• Amaraso mu nkari zawe cyangwa mu musarani, cyangwa imyanda yirabura, isa n'itunda
• Kuruka amaraso cyangwa ibintu bisa n'ibishishwa bya kawa
• Umutwe ukabije hamwe no kuyoba cyangwa guhinduka mu iyerekwa
• Uburibwe mu gituza cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye
• Ubugwari cyangwa ubucucu ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe

Izi ngaruka zikomeye ntizikunze kubaho ariko zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hamagara 911 cyangwa usabe ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga ako kanya.

Ingaruka zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zirimo indwara yitwa thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), ikora ku maraso yawe n'inzego z'umubiri. Ibimenyetso bya TTP birimo umuriro, ubugwari, guhinduka kw'ibara ry'uruhu, kuyoba, no kugabanya kunyara. Iyi ndwara isaba kuvurirwa mu bitaro ako kanya ariko ibaho ku bantu bake cyane, batarenze 1 kuri 100.000 bafata prasugrel.

Ninde utagomba gufata Prasugrel?

Prasugrel ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azagenzura neza amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi mbere yo kuyandika. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibyago ntibashobora kuba abakandida beza kuri uyu muti bitewe n'ibibazo byiyongera byo gushoka cyangwa kugabanuka kw'imikorere.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata prasugrel niba ufite:

• Ukuva amaraso ahantu hose mu mubiri wawe
• Amateka ya sitiroko cyangwa igitero gito cyo mu bwonko (mini-stroke)
• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima
• Allergies zizwi kuri prasugrel cyangwa imiti isa nayo
• Kubagwa guteganyijwe mu gihe cya vuba

Izi ngingo zongera cyane ibyago byawe byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye, bigatuma prasugrel itakugirira akamaro.

Muganga wawe azakoresha ubushishozi bwihariye niba:

• Urengeje imyaka 75 y'amavuko
• Uremereye munsi ya pound 132
• Ufite amateka y'indwara z'amaraso
• Ufata indi miti ituma amaraso ataguma
• Ufite indwara y'impyiko
• Uteganyirijwe kubagwa cyangwa ibikorwa byo mu menyo

Ibi bintu ntibisobanura ko bidashoboka ko wafata prasugrel, ariko bishobora gusaba guhindura urugero rwawe cyangwa gukurikiranwa kenshi kugirango umutekano wawe wizezwe.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Prasugrel

Prasugrel ikunze kuboneka munsi y'izina ry'ubwoko rya Effient muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iri ni ryo bwoko rya mbere ryakozwe n'amasosiyete y'imiti yatangije uyu muti. Effient iboneka mu mapirisi ya 5 mg na 10 mg kandi iboneka cyane muri farumasi nyinshi.

Ubwoko bwa prasugrel bwa generic buraboneka kandi burimo ibintu bisa na Effient. Izi nzira za generic zikunze kuba zihendutse kandi zikora neza nk'ubwoko bw'izina. Ubuvuzi bwawe bushobora gukunda ubwoko bwa generic, bushobora gufasha kugabanya amafaranga yawe.

Uburyo bwa Prasugrel

Niba prasugrel atagukwiriye, indi miti myinshi irwanya platelet ishobora gutanga uburinzi busa n'ubwo kurwanya amaraso. Uburyo busanzwe ni clopidogrel (Plavix), ikora mu buryo busa ariko ifatwa nkaho idakomeye kurusha prasugrel. Muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo clopidogrel niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuva amaraso cyangwa izindi mpamvu zituma prasugrel itakugirira akamaro.

Ikindi gishoboka ni ticagrelor (Brilinta), ikora igihe gito kandi ntisaba ko umwijima wawe uyikoresha nk'uko prasugrel ibikora. Ticagrelor ifatwa kabiri ku munsi aho gufatwa rimwe ku munsi kandi ishobora gukundwa mu bihe runaka. Buri kimwe muri ibi bisubizo gifite inyungu zacyo n'ibibazo byacyo, ibyo muganga wawe azagusobanurira bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Ku bantu bamwe, aspirine yonyine irahagije, cyane cyane mu kurinda indwara mu gihe kirekire nyuma y'igihe cy'akaga kanyuze. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo abone umuti utuma amaraso atavura neza, utanga uburinganire bwiza bwo kurinda amaraso gupfuka no kugabanya ibyago byo kuva amaraso ku miterere yawe bwite.

Ese Prasugrel iruta Clopidogrel?

Prasugrel muri rusange irusha clopidogrel gukumira amaraso gupfuka, ariko kandi itera ibyago byinshi byo kuva amaraso. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko prasugrel igabanya ibyago byo guhagarara k'umutima, indwara y'umutwe, n'urupfu rwo mu mutima rurushaho gukora neza kurusha clopidogrel ku bantu bafite indwara ya koroner ya akute bakorerwa PCI. Ariko, iyi mikorere yiyongereyeho iza n'ibyago byiyongera byo kuva amaraso menshi.

Gu hitamo hagati y'iyi miti biterwa n'ibintu byawe byihariye by'ibyago. Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo gupfuka kw'amaraso kandi ufite ibyago bike byo kuva amaraso, prasugrel ishobora kuba ariyo nziza. Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuva amaraso cyangwa ufite imyaka irenga 75, clopidogrel ishobora kuba itekanye kuri wewe. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku myaka yawe, uburemere bwawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo amenye umuti ukwiriye.

Abantu bamwe ntibasubiza neza kuri clopidogrel bitewe n'imikorere ya genetike igira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wabo ukoresha umuti. Prasugrel ishobora kuba ariyo nziza kuri abo bantu kuko ntigirwaho ingaruka n'itandukaniro rya genetike. Muganga wawe ashobora gutuma hakorwa igeragezwa rya genetike niba hari impungenge zerekeye uburyo ushobora gusubiza neza kuri clopidogrel.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Prasugrel

Ese Prasugrel irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, prasugrel muri rusange ni umuti mwiza ku bantu barwaye diyabete kandi bishobora no kuba byiza cyane kuri iri tsinda. Abantu barwaye diyabete akenshi bagira ibyago byinshi byo gukora amaraso no kugira ibibazo by'umutima, bituma imiti ikora neza igabanya amaraso ikenewe cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko prasugrel ishobora gukora neza kurusha indi miti igabanya amaraso ku bantu barwaye diyabete.

Ariko, niba urwaye diyabete, muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi kuko diyabete ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso yawe ava ndetse n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukira. Wibuke kubwira muganga wawe uko uvura diyabete yawe, harimo imiti ufata n'uburyo isukari yo mu maraso yawe igenzurwa neza.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashwe n'uburwayi bwo kunywa prasugrel nyinshi?

Niba ufashwe n'uburwayi bwo kunywa prasugrel nyinshi kurusha uko byategetswe, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubumara ako kanya, n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Kunywa nyinshi bishobora kongera cyane ibyago byo kuva amaraso mu minsi myinshi. Ntukagerageze kwivuruguta cyangwa gufata indi miti iyo ari yo yose udafashijwe n'abaganga.

Reba ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso menshi nko gukomeretsa bidasanzwe, kuva amaraso igihe kirekire ku bikomere, amaraso mu nkari zawe cyangwa mu musarani, cyangwa kubabara umutwe cyane. Niba ubonye kuva amaraso akomeye, hamagara 911 ako kanya. Bika urupapuro rw'umuti hamwe nawe igihe ushaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi kugira ngo abaganga bamenye neza icyo wafashe n'ingano yacyo.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije gufata urugero rwa prasugrel?

Niba wirengagije gufata urugero rwa prasugrel, ifate ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyegereye gufata urugero rwawe rukurikira. Muri icyo gihe, reka urugero wirengagije kandi ufate urugero rwawe rukurikira ku gihe gisanzwe. Ntukigere ufata urugero ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbure urugero wirengagije, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Gerageza gushyiraho gahunda igufasha kwibuka gufata imiti yawe buri munsi. Abantu bamwe basanga bifasha gufata prasugrel mu gihe kimwe bakoza amenyo cyangwa bafata ifunguro rya mu gitondo. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa doze, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kugufasha kwibuka cyangwa ushobora gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti cyangwa kwibutswa kuri terefone.

Ryari nshobora kureka gufata Prasugrel?

Ugomba kureka gufata prasugrel gusa mugihe muganga wawe akubwiye ko byemewe kubikora. Igihe biterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, ariko abantu benshi bayifata byibuze amezi 12 nyuma yo kubagwa umutima. Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe ibyago byo kuvura amaraso ugereranyije n'ibyago byo kuva amaraso kugirango amenye igihe cyiza cyo kureka.

Niba ukeneye kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa amenyo, muganga wawe ashobora guhagarika by'agateganyo prasugrel kugirango agabanye ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Ntukigere ureka umuti ku giti cyawe, kabone niyo ari kubagwa, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kuvura amaraso. Buri gihe ganira kubyerekeye ibikorwa byateganyijwe na muganga wawe w'umutima ndetse na muganga ukora icyo gikorwa.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa Prasugrel?

Nibyiza kugabanya kunywa inzoga mugihe ufata prasugrel, kuko inzoga zishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Kunywa inzoga mu rugero ruciriritse (ntarenga icyo kunywa kimwe ku munsi ku bagore na kabiri ku munsi ku bagabo) muri rusange bifatwa nkibyakirwa kubantu benshi, ariko ugomba kubiganiraho na muganga wawe ukurikije uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kongera cyane ibyago byo kuva amaraso kandi bishobora no kubangamira uburyo prasugrel ikora neza. Niba ufite amateka yo kunywa inzoga nyinshi, wibuke kubiganiraho ukuri na muganga wawe, kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo uvurwa. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga ubuyobozi bwihariye bushingiye ku buzima bwawe muri rusange n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga.