Quinine ni iki: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo kuyifata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Quinine ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ukomoka mu gishishwa cy'igiti cya cinchona kandi umaze ibinyejana byinshi ukoreshwa mu kuvura malariya. Muri iki gihe, abaganga bayandikira cyane cyane abarwayi ba malariya ikaze iyo izindi miti itagize icyo yongera cyangwa idakwiriye. Ushobora no kumenya quinine mu mazi ya tonic, nubwo uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bukomeye cyane kandi busaba gukurikiranwa neza na muganga wawe.

Quinine ni iki?

Quinine ni alkaloidi karemano irwanya imbaraga za malariya mu maraso yawe. Ni umwe mu miti ya kera irwanya malariya dufite, yamenyekanye bwa mbere n'abaturage kavukire bo muri Amerika y'Epfo bakoreshaga igishishwa cya cinchona mu kuvura umuriro. Uyu muti ukora ubuvuzi bwo kubuza imbaraga za malariya gusenya hemoglobin, mu buryo bwo gushonjesha imbaraga za malariya.

Mu buryo bwayo bw'ubuvuzi, quinine iruta cyane ibyo wasanga mu mazi ya tonic. Muganga wawe azayandika gusa iyo yemera ko inyungu ziruta ibyago, kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye zisaba gukurikiranwa.

Quinine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Abaganga bandika quinine cyane cyane abarwayi ba malariya ikaze iterwa na parasite ya Plasmodium falciparum. Ibi bikunze kuba iyo wagiye mu turere aho malariya irwanya izindi miti, cyangwa iyo imiti ya mbere itagize icyo ikora kuri wowe. Ifatwa nk'umuti wa kabiri, bivuze ko muganga wawe azagerageza izindi nzira mbere.

Rimwe na rimwe, nubwo bitajyenda cyane, abaganga bashobora kwandika quinine ku barwayi bafite imitsi y'amaguru ikaze itagize icyo ikora ku zindi miti. Ariko, iyi ngingo yateje impaka kubera impungenge z'umutekano, kandi imiryango myinshi y'ubuvuzi ubu ntisaba kuyikoresha ku barwayi bafite imitsi y'amaguru ikaze.

Quinine ikora ite?

Quinine igamije sisitemu yo mu gifu cy’agakoko gatera malariya mu ntangangore zawe z’amaraso. Iyo agakoko gatera malariya kwinjiye mu maraso yawe, kagaburira kuri hemogulobine kandi gakora imyanda yica. Quinine ihungabanya iyi nzira ivangira ubushobozi bw’agakoko bwo gukuraho iyi myanda, amaherezo ikica agakoko.

Uyu ni umuti ukomeye cyane ukora mu buryo butandukanye n’imiti mishya irwanya malariya. Nubwo ifite akamaro, bisaba gupima neza no gukurikiranwa kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe n’izindi sisitemu z’umubiri. Muganga wawe azashaka kugukurikiranira hafi igihe ukoresha uyu muti.

Nkwiriye gufata Quinine nte?

Fata quinine nk'uko muganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi buri masaha 8 hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amata kugirango ugabanye kuribwa mu gifu. Minya ibinini cyangwa amavuta yose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye amazi, kandi ntuyashishure cyangwa uyahane kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti.

Ibiryo bifasha umubiri wawe kwinjiza umuti mu buryo bungana kandi bigabanya isesemi, ikaba ari ingaruka zisanzwe. Gerageza kuyafata mu masaha amwe buri munsi kugirango ugumane urwego rwo hejuru mu maraso yawe. Niba ufite ibibazo byo kuyifata kubera isesemi, menyesha muganga wawe ako kanya.

Ntuzigera uhindura urugero rwawe wenyine, kabone niyo wumva umeze neza. Agakoko gatera malariya gashobora kwigiriza ubudahangarwa niba utarangiye urugendo rwose, kandi guhagarara hakiri kare bishobora gutuma ubwandu bugaruka bukomeye kurusha mbere.

Nkwiriye gufata Quinine igihe kingana iki?

Abantu benshi bafata quinine iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 7, bitewe n'uburemere bwa malariya yabo n'uburyo bitabira imiti. Muganga wawe azagena igihe nyacyo gishingiye ku miterere yawe, harimo ubwoko bwa malariya ufite n'aho ushobora kuyandurira.

Ni ngombwa kurangiza umuti wose n'ubwo wenda wumva urimo gukira nyuma y'iminsi mike. Imisemburo ya malariya ishobora kwihisha mu mubiri wawe, kandi guhagarika imiti kare kare bibaha amahirwe yo kongera kwiyongera. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba imiti yindi yo gufata hamwe cyangwa nyuma ya quinine kugirango yemeze ko imisemburo yose ivuyeho.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara bya Quinine?

Quinine ishobora gutera ibikorwa bitandukanye bigaragara, kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye. Ibikunze kugaragara ushobora guhura nabyo harimo isesemi, kuruka, impiswi, n'ububabare bwo mu nda. Abantu benshi kandi bagira icyo bita "cinchonism," kirimo ibimenyetso nk'uguturika mu matwi, kubabara umutwe, isereri, n'ibibazo by'agateganyo byo kumva.

Dore ibikorwa bisanzwe bigaragara ugomba kumenya:

• Isesemi no kuruka
• Impiiswi cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Kubabara umutwe no kugira isereri
• Uguturika mu matwi (tinnitus)
• Impinduka z'agateganyo zo kumva
• Kureba nabi
• Gushyushya cyangwa kubira ibyuya

Ibyinshi muri ibi bimenyetso birashobora gucungwa kandi akenshi birakosoka uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Ariko, nanone ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko ukeneye gukurikiranwa hafi n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Ibyago bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi. Ibi birimo ibibazo bikomeye by'umuvuduko w'umutima, kugabanuka gukomeye k'isukari mu maraso, ibikorwa bikomeye by'uburwayi, n'indwara z'amaraso. Nubwo bitagaragara cyane, ibi bishobora gutera urupfu.

Vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye:

• Umutima utera nabi cyangwa wihuta
• Isereri rikomeye cyangwa guta ubwenge
• Ibimenyetso by'isukari nke mu maraso (kubira ibyuya, guhinda umushyitsi, urujijo)
• Urugo rwo ku ruhu rukomeye cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye
• Ukuva amaraso cyangwa gukomeretsa bidasanzwe
• Impinduka zikomeye zo kureba cyangwa kumva

Izi ngaruka zikomeye ni gake ariko zikeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse. Muganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana umuvuduko w'umutima wawe n'isukari yo mu maraso mu gihe urimo gufata quinine, cyane cyane niba ufite izindi ndwara.

Ninde utagomba gufata Quinine?

Quinine ntirinzwe kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyandika. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima, indwara zo mu maraso, cyangwa abafata imiti runaka bashobora gukenera izindi mvura.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata quinine niba ufite:

• Amateka y'uburwayi bukomeye bwa allergique kuri quinine cyangwa quinidine
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umuvuduko w'umutima
• Indwara yitwa glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
• Myasthenia gravis (indwara yo gucika intege kw'imitsi)
• Indwara zikomeye z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima

Muganga wawe azitonda kandi mu kwandika quinine niba utwite, wonka, cyangwa ufite diyabete. Nubwo ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutwita iyo inyungu ziruta ibyago, bisaba gukurikirana neza cyane.

Kora neza kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo imiti itagurishwa ku gasoko na supplements. Quinine irashobora guhura n'imiti myinshi, harimo imiti ikoreshwa mu gutuma amaraso atavura, imiti y'umutima, na antibiotics zimwe na zimwe.

Amazina ya Quinine Brand

Quinine iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi ya brand, Qualaquin ikaba ariyo ifatwa cyane muri Amerika. Izindi brand zikubiyemo Quinamm, nubwo kuboneka bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'igihugu n'akarere.

Quinine rusange nayo iraboneka kandi ikora neza nk'uburyo bwa brand. Umufarimasi wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo urimo kubona kandi akemeza ko urimo kuyifata neza. Buri gihe reba ko urimo kubona imbaraga z'urugero, ntabwo ari uburyo buke cyane buboneka mu mazi ya tonic.

Izindi mvura za Quinine

Hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kuvura malariya usibye quinine, kandi muganga wawe akenshi azagerageza ubu bwa mbere. Imiti ivanze ishingiye kuri Artemisinin (ACTs) ubu ni yo miti ya mbere ikoreshwa mu kuvura malariya y'ubwoko bwinshi kuko akenshi ikora neza kandi ntigire ingaruka nyinshi.

Uburyo busanzwe bukunze gukoreshwa burimo:

• Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem)
• Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone)
• Doxycycline
• Mefloquine
• Chloroquine (kubice bitarimo ubworozi)

Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ahantu wateye malariya, ubwoko bwa parasite ufite, n'ubuzima bwawe bwite. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ushobora guhabwa imiti ivanze kugirango wemeze ko uvurwa neza.

Ese Quinine iruta Chloroquine?

Quinine na chloroquine bikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi bikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye, bityo ntibyoroshye kuvuga ko imwe iruta indi. Chloroquine yari isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura malariya, ariko parasite nyinshi za malariya zateje ubworozi kuri yo, cyane cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi.

Quinine akenshi ikoreshwa mu gihe cy'indwara ya malariya ikomeye cyangwa ahantu imiti yindi yananiwe kubera ubworozi. Ifatwa nk'ikomeye ariko kandi ifite ingaruka zikomeye kandi bisaba gukurikiranwa cyane. Chloroquine, iyo ikora, ikunda kwihanganirwa neza kandi ntigire ingaruka nyinshi.

Muganga wawe azahitamo ashingiye ku bintu byinshi birimo ahantu ushobora kuba warateye malariya, uburyo bw'ubworozi bwaho, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Mu bihe byinshi, nta na rimwe muri iyi miti izaba iya mbere, kuko imiti mishya ivanze akenshi ikora neza.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Quinine

Ese Quinine irakwiriye ku bantu bafite indwara z'umutima?

Quinine ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe, bityo abantu bafite indwara z'umutima basabwa kwitonda cyane. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza ubuzima bw'umutima wawe mbere yo kugusaba quinine kandi ashobora gutuma bakora electrocardiogram (EKG) kugirango barebe imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe.

Niba ufite indwara y'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye cyangwa akagukurikiranira hafi mugihe ukoresha quinine. Ntukigere ukoresha quinine niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima, kuko bishobora gutuma izo ndwara zirushaho kandi bishobora gutera ibibazo byangiza ubuzima.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye quinine nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba wanyweye quinine nyinshi kuruta uko byagutegetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubumara ako kanya, kabone niyo wumva umeze neza. Kunywa quinine nyinshi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima, isukari iri hasi cyane mu maraso, no gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo.

Ntugerageze kwivuruguta cyangwa gufata imiti yindi niba utabitegetswe na abaganga. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nk'ingorane zo guhumeka, kuribwa mu gituza, cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge, hamagara serivisi zihutirwa ako kanya.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije kunywa urugero rwa quinine?

Niba wirengagije kunywa urugero, rinywe ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyo kunywa urugero rukurikira kigeze. Muricyo gihe, reka urugero wirengagije hanyuma ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Ntukigere wongera urugero rwo kwishyura urwo wirengagije.

Kutanywa urugero bishobora korohereza imisemburo ya malariya kwiyongera kandi bishobora gutuma irwanya imiti. Niba wirengagije kunywa urugero rwinshi cyangwa ufite ingorane zo kwibuka kunywa imiti yawe, vugana na muganga wawe kugirango akugire inama y'uko wakomeza neza.

Nshobora kureka kunywa quinine ryari?

Reka gukoresha quinine gusa igihe muganga wawe abikubwiye, akenshi nyuma yo kurangiza umuti wose wategetswe. N'iyo wumva umeze neza nyuma y'iminsi mike, ni ngombwa kurangiza imiti yose kugira ngo wemeze ko udukoko twa malariya twose twavuye mu mubiri wawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kwifuza gukora ibizamini by'amaraso byo gukurikirana kugira ngo yemeze ko udukoko twa malariya twavuyeho mbere yo gutangaza ko ubuvuzi bwawe burangiye. Guhagarika kare bishobora gutuma ubuvuzi butagera ku ntego kandi bishobora gutuma udukoko turwanya twiyongera.

Nshobora kunywa amazi ya tonic aho gukoresha quinine yategetswe?

Oya, amazi ya tonic arimo gusa quinine nto cyane itari hafi yo gufasha kuvura malariya. Umubare uri mu mazi ya tonic ni hafi inshuro 1000 nkeya ugereranije n'icyo ukeneye mu buvuzi. Gukoresha amazi ya tonic aho gukoresha quinine yategetswe ntibizagira akamaro kandi bishobora guteza akaga.

Niba ufite ibibazo byo kwihanganira quinine yategetswe, ganira na muganga wawe ku bindi bisubizo cyangwa uburyo bwo guhangana n'ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Ntukigere usimbuza ibicuruzwa bitagurishwa ku isoko imiti yategetswe mugihe uvura indwara zikomeye nka malariya.