Ni iki cyitwa Ranibizumab: Ibikoresho, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Ranibizumab ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga, abaganga bawutera mu jisho kugira ngo bavure ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kureba. Ubu buvuzi bwihariye bufasha kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika imikurire y'imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe muri retine yawe, bishobora gutera umuvumo ukomeye wo kutabona niba bitavuwe.

Uyu muti ubarirwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa anti-VEGF, ikora ibikorwa byo guhagarika poroteyine itera imikurire y'iyi mitsi y'amaraso ifite ibibazo. Nubwo igitekerezo cyo guterwa urushinge mu jisho gishobora gutera impungenge, ubu buvuzi bwafashije abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni kubungabunga ubureba bwabo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, no kunoza imibonere yabo.

Ranibizumab ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Ranibizumab ivura indwara zikomeye zo mu jisho zirimo imikurire idasanzwe y'imitsi y'amaraso cyangwa kwiyongera kw'amazi muri retine. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba uyu muti niba ufite macular degeneration ifitanye isano n'imyaka, ikaba ari yo ntandaro y'ubuvumo bukomeye bwo kutabona ku bantu bafite imyaka irenga 50.

Uyu muti unafasha abantu bafite macular edema ya diyabete, ikaba ari ikibazo gikomoka kuri diyabete aho amazi yiyongera hagati muri retine yawe. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma imibonere yawe yo hagati itajya neza cyangwa igahinduka, bigatuma bigorana gusoma, gutwara imodoka, cyangwa kureba neza mu maso.

Byongeye kandi, ranibizumab ivura retinopathy ya diyabete, ikindi kibazo cyo mu jisho gifitanye isano na diyabete aho isukari nyinshi mu maraso yangiza imitsi y'amaraso muri retine yawe. Abaganga bamwe kandi barayikoresha mu kuvura macular edema iterwa no guhagarikwa kw'imitsi y'amaraso ya retine, bibaho iyo imitsi y'amaraso muri retine yawe ifunze.

Ranibizumab ikora ite?

Ranibizumab ikora igihe ihagarika poroteyine yihariye yitwa VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) umubiri wawe ukora iyo ukeneye gukura imitsi mishya y'amaraso. Mu maso mazima, iyi nzira igenzurwa neza, ariko mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu jisho, umubiri wawe ukora VEGF nyinshi cyane.

Iyo hari VEGF nyinshi, bituma imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe ikura ahantu hatagomba gukura, cyane cyane muri rétine yawe. Iyi mitsi mishya y'amaraso akenshi iba idakomeye kandi ivamo amaraso, bigatuma amazi yiyongera kandi bishobora gutera kuva amaraso bishobora kwangiza icyerekezo cyawe.

Mugukingira VEGF, ranibizumab ifasha guhagarika uku gukura kw'imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe kandi igabanya kuvamo amazi. Ibi bituma rétine yawe ikora neza kandi bishobora gufasha guhagarika cyangwa no kunoza icyerekezo cyawe. Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ukomeye ku rugero ruciriritse kandi ugamije cyane, ukora by'umwihariko ku bice bifite ibibazo mu jisho ryawe.

Nkwiriye Gufata Nte Ranibizumab?

Ranibizumab itangwa nk'urushinge ruturutse mu jisho ryawe, ruzakorwa na muganga w'amaso mu biro bye cyangwa muri kliniki y'abarwayi batagomba kurara. Ntabwo uzagomba gufata ikintu icyo aricyo cyose unywa cyangwa gutegura ibiryo bidasanzwe cyangwa ibinyobwa mbere yo kujya mu gihe cyo guhura na muganga.

Mbere yo guterwa urushinge, muganga wawe azahanagura ijisho ryawe neza kandi ashyireho amavuta agabanya ububabare kugirango igikorwa kigende neza. Bazakoresha kandi amavuta yica udukoko kugirango birinde indwara. Uru rushinge nyarwo rufata amasegonda make, kandi abantu benshi babisobanura nk'uko bumva umuvuduko muto aho kumva ububabare.

Nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, uzakenera umuntu ugutwara mu rugo kuko icyerekezo cyawe gishobora kuba gihumye by'agateganyo. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye kwita ku jisho mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri bikurikira, akenshi bikubiyemo gukoresha amavuta y'amaso arwanya mikorobe no kwirinda gukora ku jisho ryawe.

Nkwiriye Gufata Ranibizumab Igihe Kingana Gite?

Igihe uvura ranibizumab giterwa n'uburwayi bw'ijisho ryawe bwihariye n'uburyo wumva neza umuti. Abantu benshi batangirana inshinge z'ukwezi mu mezi make ya mbere, hanyuma inshuro zishobora guhindurwa bitewe n'uburyo amaso yawe akira.

Ku bijyanye no kwangirika kw'amaso bitewe n'imyaka, ushobora gukenera guterwa inshinge buri kwezi cyangwa buri mezi abiri mu gihe cy'amezi menshi cyangwa imyaka. Muganga wawe azakurikiza uko urimo utera imbere akoresheje ibizamini by'amaso bya buri gihe ndetse n'ibizamini byihariye byo kugaragaza uko amaso ameze kugira ngo amenye gahunda nziza kuri wowe.

Abantu bamwe bafite ibibazo by'amaso byatewe na diyabete bashobora gukenera kuvurwa buri gihe kugira ngo barinde uburwayi bwabo, mu gihe abandi bashobora guhagarika guterwa inshinge. Muganga wawe w'amaso azakorana nawe kugira ngo abone uburyo bwo kuvura butanga umusaruro mwiza hamwe n'inshinge nkeya zishoboka.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Ranibizumab?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, ranibizumab ishobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo abantu benshi bafata neza ubu buvuzi. Ingaruka zisanzwe ni nto kandi ntizihamye, zigira ingaruka ku jisho ryawe cyangwa ku miyoboro yawe mu gihe gito nyuma yo guterwa urushinge.

Dore ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo, uhereye ku zisanzwe zikunda gukemuka zonyine:

• Umutuku w'amaso w'igihe gito cyangwa kuribwa bikunda kumara umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri
• Urubavu ruto rw'amaso cyangwa kutumva neza, bisa no kugira ikintu mu jisho ryawe
• Kuzamuka kw'umuvuduko w'amaso w'igihe gito muganga wawe azakurikiza
• Utudomo duto cyangwa "utuzerere" mu miyoboro yawe akenshi dushira mu minsi mike
• Kutabona neza kw'igihe gito nyuma yo guterwa urushinge
• Kumva ko ijisho ryawe ryumye cyangwa ririmo kuribwa

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe zikunda kuba nto kandi zigakemuka mu minsi mike igihe ijisho ryawe rimenyereye umuti.

Nubwo bitajyenda kenshi, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zigaragara cyane zikeneye kwitabwaho:

• Uburibwe bukomeye mu jisho butagabanuka n'imiti igurishwa itagombye uruhushya rwa muganga
• Umutuku cyangwa kubyimba bidahoraho bikomeza kwiyongera aho kugabanuka
• Impinduka mu iyerekwa zimara iminsi irenga mike
• Ubworoherane bwinshi ku rumuri rubuza gukora imirimo ya buri munsi
• Ibyo mu jisho bishobora kugaragaza icyorezo

Ingaruka zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zirashobora kubaho, nubwo zifata abantu batarenga 1 kuri 100. Izi zikubiyemo indwara zikomeye z'amaso, kwiyongera gukabije k'umuvuduko w'amaso, gutandukana kwa rétine, cyangwa gutakaza iyerekwa cyane. Nubwo izi ngorane zitamenyerewe, zisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Gahoro cyane, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zifata ibindi bice by'umubiri wabo, nka sitiroko cyangwa ibibazo by'umutima, nubwo ibyago biri hasi cyane hamwe n'inkingo z'amaso ugereranije n'imiti ifatwa mu kanwa.

Ninde utagomba gufata Ranibizumab?

Ranibizumab ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azagenzura neza niba ari umutekano kuri wewe. Ntugomba guhabwa uyu muti niba ufite allergie kuri ranibizumab cyangwa ibintu byayo byose, cyangwa niba ufite icyorezo gikora muri cyangwa hafi y'ijisho ryawe.

Muganga wawe azashaka kumenya amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi yuzuye mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima, sitiroko ziheruka, cyangwa indwara zo gupfuka amaraso bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa byihariye cyangwa ntibashobore kuba abakandida beza kuri ubu buvuzi.

Niba utwite cyangwa ugerageza gutwita, ganira ibi na muganga wawe, kuko ranibizumab ishobora gushobora kwangiza umwana utaravuka. Abagore bonka bagomba kandi kuvugana n'umuganga wabo ku byerekeye ibyago n'inyungu.

Abantu bafite umuvuduko w'amaraso mwinshi utagenzurwa cyangwa kubagwa amaso bya vuba bashobora gukenera gutegereza cyangwa guhabwa ubuvuzi bwongereweho mbere yo gutangira ranibizumab. Muganga wawe w'amaso azagenzura kandi ibimenyetso byose by'icyorezo cyangwa kubyimba bikeneye kuvurwa mbere.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Ranibizumab

Ranibizumab iboneka munsi y'izina rya Lucentis, rikaba ari ryo rigereranyo rikoreshwa cyane ry'uyu muti. Uyu ni wo muti wa mbere wabanje gukorwaho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kandi ukoreshwa mu myaka myinshi.

Hariho kandi n'ubundi buryo bushya bwitwa Byooviz, bukaba ari ubwoko bwa biosimilar bwa ranibizumab. Biosimilars ni imiti ikora mu buryo bumwe na bumwe nk'umuti wa mbere ariko ikorwa n'ibigo bitandukanye kandi akenshi ihendutse.

Muganga wawe azahitamo ubwoko bukwiye bushingiye ku burwayi bwawe bwihariye, ubwishingizi bwawe, n'ibindi bintu. Ubwoko bwombi bukorera hamwe kandi bufite imikorere n'umutekano bisa.

Izindi nshingano za Ranibizumab

Imiti myinshi ikora kimwe na ranibizumab mu kuvura indwara z'amaso zifite urugero rudasanzwe rw'imitsi y'amaraso. Aflibercept (Eylea) ni undi muti urwanya VEGF ukoreshwa kenshi mu ndwara zimwe kandi ushobora gusaba inshinge nkeya.

Bevacizumab (Avastin) rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa hanze y'icyemezo cy'ubuvuzi ku ndwara z'amaso, nubwo yabanje gukorwa mu kuvura kanseri. Abaganga b'amaso bamwe barayikunda kuko ihendutse, ariko ntabwo yemejwe by'umwihariko gukoreshwa mu maso.

Uburyo bushya burimo brolucizumab (Beovu) na faricimab (Vabysmo), bishobora kumara igihe kirekire hagati y'inshinge ku bantu bamwe. Muganga wawe w'amaso azagufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo bushobora gukora neza ku miterere yawe yihariye n'imibereho yawe.

Gu hitamo hagati y'iyi miti biterwa n'ibintu nk'indwara yawe y'amaso, uburyo amaso yawe yakira kuvurwa, ubwishingizi bwawe, n'uburyo ushobora kuza gufata inshinge.

Ese Ranibizumab iruta Aflibercept?

Bombi ranibizumab na aflibercept ni imiti myiza cyane yo kuvura indwara z'amaso zirimo imikurire idasanzwe y'imitsi y'amaraso, kandi inyigo zirerekana ko zikora neza kimwe ku bantu benshi. Guhitamo hagati yazo akenshi biterwa n'ibintu by'umuntu ku giti cye kuruta ko imwe yaba iruta iyindi.

Aflibercept irashobora kumara igihe kirekire hagati y'inkingo ku bantu bamwe, bishobora gusaba inshinge buri byumweru 6-8 aho kuba buri kwezi. Ibi birashobora koroha niba ugira ingorane zo kujya mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi cyangwa niba ushaka ibikorwa bike muri rusange.

Ariko, ranibizumab imaze igihe ikoreshwa kandi ifite ubushakashatsi bwinshi bushingiye ku mutekano wayo n'ubushobozi bwayo. Abantu bamwe basubiza neza ku muti umwe kuruta undi, kandi muganga wawe ashobora kugerageza byombi kugirango arebe niba ari uwo ukora neza kuri wewe.

Muganga wawe w'amaso azatekereza ibintu nk'indwara y'amaso yawe, imibereho yawe, ubwishingizi, n'uko amaso yawe asubiza ku buvuzi mugihe uhitamo hagati y'izi mpuzamiti.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Ranibizumab

Q1. Ese Ranibizumab irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, ranibizumab muri rusange irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye diyabete kandi ni umwe mu miti y'ibanze yo kuvura ibibazo by'amaso bya diyabete. Uyu muti wemerejwe by'umwihariko kuvura edema ya macula ya diyabete na retinopathy ya diyabete, ibibazo bibiri bikomeye by'amaso bishobora kuvuka iyo diyabete itagenzurwa neza.

Ariko, kugira diyabete bisobanura ko uzakenera gukurikiranwa by'umwihariko mugihe cy'ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe w'amaso azakorana bya hafi n'ikipe yawe yita ku diyabete kugirango yemeze ko urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe rumeze neza uko bishoboka kose, kuko kugenzura neza diyabete bifasha ubuvuzi bw'amaso gukora neza.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ntaswe inkingo ya Ranibizumab?

Niba warasibye urukingo rwa ranibizumab rwari rwateganyijwe, vugana n'ibiro bya muganga w'amaso yawe vuba bishoboka kugira ngo wongere uteganye urundi. Ntuzategereze kugeza igihe cyo guhura na muganga wawe gisanzwe giteganyijwe, kuko gutinda kuvurwa bishobora gutuma uburwayi bw'amaso yawe burushaho kuba bubi.

Muganga wawe azagena igihe cyiza cyo gukoresha urukingo rwawe rukurikira, bitewe n'igihe wagombaga kuruhabwa n'uburyo amaso yawe asubiza mu kuvurwa. Bashobora guhindura gahunda y'inkingo zawe z'ahazaza kugira ngo ugaruke mu nzira.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ngize ingaruka zikomeye?

Niba ubonye ububabare bukomeye mu maso, impinduka zidasanzwe mu kubona, ibimenyetso byo kwandura nk'amazi cyangwa umutuku wiyongera, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso byose bikubangamiye, vugana na muganga w'amaso yawe ako kanya. Abaganga benshi b'amaso bafite imibare ya telefone yihutirwa yo guhamagara mu bihe byihutirwa.

Ku ngaruka zikomeye nk'igihumye cyo mu maso, ububabare bukomeye mu maso, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura bikomeye, ntuzategereze – shakisha ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa ako kanya. Nubwo ibibazo bikomeye bidasanzwe, kuvurwa vuba bishobora gufasha kwirinda kwangirika burundu.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata ranibizumab?

Umwanzuro wo guhagarika kuvurwa na ranibizumab biterwa n'uburyo amaso yawe asubiza neza niba uburwayi bwawe bwarahagaze. Muganga w'amaso yawe azakurikiza uko ugenda utera imbere hamwe n'ibizamini by'amaso bisanzwe n'ibizamini by'amashusho kugira ngo amenye igihe bishobora kuba byiza guhagarika.

Abantu bamwe bashobora guhagarika kuvurwa igihe uburwayi bwabo buhagaze, mu gihe abandi bakeneye inkingo zikomeza kugira ngo bagumane ubushobozi bwo kubona. Ntukigere uhagarika kuvurwa ku giti cyawe – buri gihe korana na muganga w'amaso yawe kugira ngo ufate uyu mwanzuro mu buryo bwizewe.

Q5. Nshobora gutwara imodoka nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa ranibizumab?

Ntugomba gutwara imodoka ako kanya nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa ranibizumab, kuko ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona bushobora kuba butagaragara by'agateganyo bitewe n'amatonyanga agabanya ububabare n'urukingo ubwarwo. Teganya ko hari umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo avuye mu gihe cyo guhura na muganga.

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe, harimo no gutwara imodoka, nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma yo guterwa urushinge igihe icyerekezo cyabo cyumvikanye neza. Muganga wawe azaguha ubuyobozi bwihariye ku gihe bizaba byemewe kongera gutwara imodoka bitewe n'uko amaso yawe akira.