Salmeterol ni iki: Ibikoreshwa, Uburyo bwo Gukoresha, Ingaruka Ziterwa n'Uko Bikora n'ibindi

Salmeterol ni umuti ukora igihe kirekire ufasha mu kwagura imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero, ukaba ufasha mu kuyifungura mu gihe kingana n'amasaha 12. Ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ukora mu koroshya imitsi ikikije imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero, bigatuma guhumeka byoroha. Uyu muti uhumekwa ukoreshwa cyane mu gukumira ibitero bya asima no gucunga indwara y'ubuhumekero ihoraho (COPD), ariko ntabwo ugenewe gutanga ubufasha bwihuse mu gihe cy'ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Salmeterol ni iki?

Salmeterol ni umwe mu miti yitwa long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs). Wumve nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu gihe kirekire ukora mu buryo butagaragara kugira ngo ugumye imiyoboro yawe y'ubuhumekero yoroshye kandi ifunguye. Bitandukanye n'imiti y'ubutabazi itanga ubufasha bwihuse, salmeterol ikora buhoro buhoro kandi itanga uburinzi burambye ku bibazo byo guhumeka.

Uyu muti uza mu ishusho y'ifu ihumekwa kandi igenewe gukoreshwa kabiri ku munsi. Itangira gukora mu minota 10-20 ariko ikagera ku ngaruka zayo zose nyuma y'isaha imwe. Ingaruka zirinda zirashobora kumara amasaha 12, niyo mpamvu akenshi wandikirwa gukoreshwa mu gitondo na nimugoroba.

Salmeterol ikoreshwa mu iki?

Salmeterol ahanini yandikirwa gukumira ibimenyetso bya asima no guhagarika indwara ya COPD. Bifasha cyane abantu bahura n'ibibazo byo guhumeka mu gihe cy'imyitozo cyangwa nijoro. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba salmeterol niba ufite ibimenyetso bya asima kenshi nubwo ukoresha indi miti igenzura.

Uyu muti ufitiye akamaro kanini cyane bronchospasm iterwa n'imyitozo, aho imikorere y'umubiri ituma imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero ifungana. Iyo ikoreshejwe mbere y'iminota 30 y'imyitozo, salmeterol irashobora gufasha gukumira ibibazo byo guhumeka mu gihe cy'imyitozo no nyuma yayo. Ikoreshwa kandi cyane ku bantu bafite COPD bakeneye ubufasha burambye bw'imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero.

Icyo gitekerezo cy'ingenzi: salmeterol ntigomba na rimwe gukoreshwa nk'umuti w'ubutabazi mu gihe cy'igitero cya asima. Ikora gahoro cyane ku buryo itanga ubufasha bwihuse ukeneye mu gihe cy'ibibazo byo guhumeka. Buri gihe ujye ufite inhaler ikora vuba y'ubutabazi ku ruhande kubera ibimenyetso bitunguranye.

Salmeterol ikora ite?

Salmeterol ikora igihe yibanda ku byakira byihariye mu mikaya yawe y'inzira y'ubuhumekero byitwa beta2-adrenergic receptors. Iyo umuti wifatanyije n'izo receptors, ubwira imikaya ikikije inzira yawe y'ubuhumekero kuruhuka no kuguma iruhutse igihe kirekire. Ibi bituma habaho umwanya munini wo gutuma umwuka utembera neza mu matwi yawe no hanze.

Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ufite imbaraga ziringaniye mu bafasha inzira y'ubuhumekero bakora igihe kirekire. Yagenewe gutanga gufunguka kw'inzira y'ubuhumekero guhoraho kandi guhamye aho gutanga ubufasha bukomeye kandi bw'igihe gito. Ibi bituma iba nziza mu gukumira ibibazo byo guhumeka aho kubivura iyo bibaye.

Bitandukanye n'abafasha inzira y'ubuhumekero bakora igihe gito bakoreshwa amasaha 4-6, ingaruka za salmeterol zirakomeza kugeza ku masaha 12. Uyu muti kandi ufite imitungo irwanya ububyimbirwe ishobora gufasha kugabanya kubyimba kw'inzira y'ubuhumekero uko igihe kigenda, nubwo atariwo murimo wayo w'ibanze.

Nkwiriye gufata salmeterol nte?

Salmeterol ikwiriye guhumekwa neza nk'uko byategetswe na muganga wawe, akenshi kabiri ku munsi hafi y'amasaha 12. Gahunda isanzwe ni doze imwe mu gitondo n'imwe nimugoroba. Gerageza gufata doze zawe mu masaha amwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urwego ruhamye mu mubiri wawe.

Urashobora gufata salmeterol ufite cyangwa udafite ibiryo, kuko ibiryo ntibigira ingaruka zigaragara ku buryo umuti ukora. Ariko, abantu bamwe basanga bifasha gukaraba umunwa wabo n'amazi nyuma yo gukoresha inhaler kugira ngo birinde kurakara mu muhogo. Ntukarire amazi yo gukaraba - gusa uzunguruke hanyuma uyacire.

Mbere yo gukoresha umuti wawe wo guhumeka, menya neza ko usobanukiwe uburyo bwo gukoresha neza. Fata umuti wo guhumeka uhagaze, humeka cyane, hanyuma ushyire iminwa yawe ku kanwa kawo hanyuma uhumeke cyane, uhumeka gahoro mugihe ukanda ku muti wo guhumeka. Humeka umwuka wawe iminota 10 niba bishoboka, hanyuma uhumeke gahoro.

Niba ukoresha indi miti ihumekwa, akenshi habaho urutonde rwo gukurikiza. Muri rusange, uzakoresha umuti wawe wo guhumeka mbere na mbere niba bikwiye, utegere iminota mike, hanyuma ukoreshe salmeterol. Buri gihe jya ureba umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'urutonde rukwiye rw'imiti yawe yihariye.

Nzagenda mfata Salmeterol igihe kingana iki?

Salmeterol akenshi yandikwa nk'umuti wo gukoresha igihe kirekire, bivuze ko ushobora kuwukoresha amezi cyangwa imyaka aho gukoresha ibyumweru bike gusa. Igihe nyacyo giterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bw'ibanze n'uburyo wemera neza kuvurwa. Abantu benshi bafite asima cyangwa COPD bakeneye ubuvuzi bukomeza bwa bronchodilator kugirango bacunge ibimenyetso byabo neza.

Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe ubuvuzi bwawe kugirango yemeze ko salmeterol igikwiye kuri wewe. Ibi bishobora gukubiyemo ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha, isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso, n'ibiganiro ku bijyanye n'imibereho yawe. Niba guhumeka kwawe kumaze amezi menshi guhagaze, muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata salmeterol ako kanya utabanje kugisha inama umuganga wawe. Guhagarika ako kanya bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso birushaho cyangwa kongera ibyago byo guhumeka cyane. Niba ukeneye guhagarika umuti, muganga wawe azakora gahunda yo kugabanya gahoro gahoro urugero rwawe cyangwa guhindurira ku bundi buvuzi.

Ni izihe ngaruka za salmeterol?

Abantu benshi bemera neza salmeterol, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka. Gusobanukirwa icyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bwawe no kumenya igihe wakwandikira umuganga wawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zikunda kuba nto kandi akenshi zikagenda zikemuka umubiri wawe umaze kumenyera umuti:

• Umutwe cyangwa isereri rito
• Uburibwe mu muhogo cyangwa ijwi rihindutse
• Umuriro cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi, cyane cyane mu ntoki
• Ukuvugirwa cyangwa kumva uhungabanye
• Kuribwa mu myanya cyangwa kubabara
• Isesemi cyangwa kurwara inda
• Kugorana gusinzira cyangwa kurota inzozi zigaragara

Ibi bimenyetso bikunda kugaragara igihe utangiye kuvurwa kandi akenshi bigenda bikemuka mu byumweru bike. Niba bikomeje cyangwa bikaba bibangamiye, ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no guhindura imiti yawe.

Ingaruka zikomeye ntizikunda kugaragara ariko zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga:

• Uburibwe mu gituza cyangwa umutima utera nabi
• Isereri rikomeye cyangwa kugwa igihumure
• Kugorana guhumeka kurushaho
• Uko kwitwara kwa allergie nk'uruhu, kubyimba, cyangwa kugorana kumira
• Ibimenyetso by'isukari nyinshi mu maraso (inyota yiyongereye, kunyara, cyangwa inzara)
• Urugero ruto rwa potasiyumu rutera intege nke mu myanya cyangwa kuribwa

Ingorane zitagaragara ariko zikomeye zirimo bronchospasm ya paradoxe, aho umuti ukora nabi mu guhumeka aho kugira ngo bigende neza. Ibi bikunda kugaragara ku gipimo cya mbere kandi bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka zo mu mutwe nk'umujinya, kutagira umutuzo, cyangwa guhinduka kw'amarangamutima. Ibi ntibisanzwe ariko birashobora guhangayikisha iyo bibaye. Umuganga wawe ashobora gufasha kumenya niba izi ngaruka zifitanye isano n'imiti yawe.

Ninde utagomba gufata Salmeterol?

Salmeterol ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi ibibazo by'ubuzima cyangwa ibihe runaka bishobora gutuma bidatekanye ko uyikoresha. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kugusaba uyu muti.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata salmeterol niba ufite allergie kuri salmeterol ubwayo cyangwa ibindi bintu biri muri inhaler. Ibimenyetso bya allergie birimo uruhu rurya, kubyimba, cyangwa kugorwa no guhumeka nyuma yo gukoresha umuti. Abantu bafite allergie izwi ku miti isa (andi ma LABA) bagomba kwirinda salmeterol.

Indwara nyinshi zisaba kwitonda cyangwa zishobora kukubuza gukoresha salmeterol mu buryo bwizewe:

• Ibibazo by'umutima birimo imirimo idasanzwe, indwara y'imitsi y'umutima, cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Indwara zo gufatwa n'ibicurane cyangwa epilepsi
• Diyabete, kuko salmeterol ishobora kugira ingaruka ku isukari yo mu maraso
• Indwara ya tiroyide, cyane cyane tiroyide ikora cyane
• Indwara zikomeye z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Urugero ruto rwa potasiyumu mu maraso yawe

Kugira imbaga no konsa bisaba kwitonderwa byihariye. N'ubwo salmeterol ishobora kuba ngombwa mugihe cyo gutwita niba inyungu ziruta ibyago, muganga wawe azagomba kugukurikiranira hafi. Uyu muti ushobora kujya mu mata y'ibere, bityo ababyeyi bonsa bagomba kuganira ku byago n'inyungu n'umuganga wabo.

Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 4 ntibagomba gukoresha salmeterol, kuko umutekano n'ubushobozi byayo bitarashyirwaho ku bana bato cyane. Abantu bakuze bashobora kwiyumva cyane ingaruka ziterwa n'uyu muti kandi bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero rw'umuti cyangwa gukurikiranwa kenshi.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Salmeterol

Salmeterol iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, Serevent ikaba ariyo formulation isanzwe ikoreshwa. Ibi biza nk'umuti wumye ukoreshwa mu guhumeka utanga urugero rwa salmeterol rugereranwa buri gihe ukoresheje. Gahunda zimwe na zimwe z'ubwishingizi zishobora gutanga ubwishingizi bwiza kuruta izindi, bityo bikwiye kuganira ku buryo bwo guhitamo n'umufarimasi wawe.

Uzasanga kandi salmeterol ivanze n'izindi miti ivura asima mu bicuruzwa nka Advair (salmeterol hamwe na fluticasone). Izi inhalers zivanzemo zishobora koroha niba ukeneye bronchodilator ikora igihe kirekire hamwe na corticosteroid ihumeka. Muganga wawe azemeza niba igicuruzwa kimwe cyangwa kivanzemo ari cyiza ku byo ukeneye byihariye.

Verisiyo rusange ya salmeterol iraboneka kandi ikora neza kimwe na verisiyo y'izina ry'ubwoko. Ibikoresho bikora ni kimwe, nubwo igikoresho cya inhaler gishobora kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye. Niba ikiguzi kibangamiye, baza muganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiti ku bijyanye n'uburyo rusange bushobora kuba buhendutse.

Izindi nzira za Salmeterol

Hariho izindi nzira nyinshi za salmeterol niba uyu muti atari wo cyangwa niba utatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso bihagije. Izindi bronchodilators zikora igihe kirekire zirimo formoterol, ikora kimwe ariko ifite umuvuduko wo gukora wihuse. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhindura niba ukeneye ubufasha bwihuse cyangwa ubonye ingaruka ziterwa na salmeterol.

Ku bantu bafite asima, corticosteroids ihumeka nka fluticasone cyangwa budesonide zishobora gushyirwaho mu cyimbo cya salmeterol cyangwa ziyongera kuri yo. Iyi miti ikora mu buryo butandukanye igabanya umubyimbirwe mu nzira zawe aho gusa kuruhura imitsi ikikije.

Imiti mishya nka tiotropium (ikoreshwa cyane kuri COPD) cyangwa inhalers zivanzemo zirimo ubwoko butandukanye bwa bronchodilators zishobora kuba zikwiye bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye. Abantu bamwe bungukirwa n'abavugurura leukotriene nka montelukast, bakora binyuze mu buryo butandukanye rwose.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'imibereho yawe ya buri munsi mugihe ashyira mu bikorwa izindi nzira. Rimwe na rimwe kubona umuti ukwiye bikubiyemo kugerageza uburyo butandukanye kugirango urebe icyo gikora neza kuburyo bwawe bwihariye.

Ese Salmeterol iruta Albuterol?

Salmeterol na albuterol bifite akamaro gatandukanye kandi ntibigereranywa mu buryo bweruye kuko bikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye. Albuterol ni umuti ukoreshwa mu gihe gito wo gutabara utanga ubufasha bwihuse mu gihe cyo gufatwa n'umwuka mubi cyangwa ingorane zo guhumeka zitunguranye. Salmeterol ni umuti ukoreshwa igihe kirekire wo gukomeza, ukaba ukumira ibimenyetso mbere y'uko bibaho.

Tekereza albuterol nk'umuti wawe w'ibanze - ukora mu minota mike ariko ukamara amasaha 4-6 gusa. Salmeterol isa cyane n'uburinzi bwawe bwa buri munsi - bitwara igihe kirekire kugira ngo bitangire gukora ariko bitanga amasaha 12 y'uburinzi. Abantu benshi bafite asima bakeneye ubwoko bwombi bw'imiti kugira ngo bagire imikorere myiza.

Mu bijyanye n'imikorere, imiti yombi ni myiza cyane mu byo igenewe gukora. Albuterol iruta iyindi mu gutanga ubufasha bwihuse kuko ikora vuba cyane. Salmeterol iruta iyindi mu gukumira ibimenyetso bitewe n'igihe kirekire ikora. Muganga wawe azasanzwe agutera imiti yombi niba ufite asima yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye.

Guhitamo hagati yo gukoresha salmeterol yonyine cyangwa hamwe n'indi miti biterwa n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso byawe n'uburyo bikunda kugaragara. Niba ukoresha albuterol inshuro zirenga ebyiri mu cyumweru, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kongeramo salmeterol cyangwa undi muti ukora igihe kirekire mu buryo uvurwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Salmeterol

Ese Salmeterol iratekanye ku ndwara z'umutima?

Salmeterol isaba kwitonderwa niba ufite indwara z'umutima, ariko ntibivuze ko idatekanye. Uyu muti ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso, bityo muganga wawe azagomba gupima akamaro kayo n'ibishobora kuvukamo. Abantu bafite indwara z'umutima zigenzurwa neza bashobora gukoresha salmeterol mu buryo butekanye hamwe no gukurikiranwa neza.

Umuvuzi w'umutima wawe (cardiologist) n'umuvuzi w'ibihaha (pulmonologist) bagomba gukorana kugira ngo bamenye niba salmeterol ikwiriye kuri wowe. Bashobora kugusaba gutangira n'urugero ruto cyangwa gukoresha imiti itandukanye bitewe n'uburwayi bw'umutima wawe bwihariye. Gukurikiranira hafi umuvuduko w'umutima wawe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso bishobora kuba ngombwa.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye salmeterol nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba unyweye salmeterol nyinshi mu buryo butunganye kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiti ako kanya kugira ngo baguhe ubujyanama. Ibimenyetso byo kunywa imiti irenze urugero birimo guhinda umushyitsi cyane, kuribwa mu gituza, umutima wihuta, isereri, cyangwa isesemi. Ntukegere ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bigaragara - ni byiza kubona inama ako kanya.

Mu gihe cy'ibimenyetso bikomeye nk'kuribwa mu gituza, umutima utagenda neza, cyangwa guhumeka bigoye, shakisha ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa ako kanya. Zana inhaler yawe kugira ngo abaganga bamenye neza umuti n'urugero wanyweye. Kunywa imiti irenze urugero mu buryo butunganye hamwe na inhalers akenshi biroroshye, ariko buri gihe ni byiza kugira umutekano.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyimye urugero rwa salmeterol?

Niba wanyimye urugero rwa salmeterol, unywe ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyegereye urugero rwawe ruteganyijwe. Muri icyo gihe, reka urugero wanyimye ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Ntukigere unywa urugero ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbure urugero wanyimye, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti.

Gerageza kugumana igihe gihamye hamwe n'urugero rwawe kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza. Gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone cyangwa gukomeza inhaler yawe ahagaragara birashobora kugufasha kwibuka. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa urugero, vugana n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kunoza gahunda yawe y'imiti.

Nshobora kureka kunywa salmeterol ryari?

Ugomba guhagarika gukoresha salmeterol uyobowe na muganga wawe, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Asima na COPD ni indwara zihoraho zisaba gukomeza kuvurwa, kandi guhagarika imiti yawe mu buryo butunguranye bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bisubira cyangwa bikiyongera. Muganga wawe azasuzuma imikorere y'ibihaha byawe n'uburyo urimo kugenzura ibimenyetso mbere yo gukora impinduka.

Niba umaze igihe kirekire udafite ibimenyetso, muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza kugabanya imiti yawe buhoro buhoro. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gukurikiranira hafi kugirango urebe ko ibimenyetso byawe bitagaruka. Abantu bamwe bashobora kugabanya urugero rw'imiti bakoresha cyangwa bagahindura imiti itandukanye, mu gihe abandi bakeneye gukomeza kuvurwa igihe kirekire.

Nshobora gukoresha Salmeterol mu gihe ntwise inda?

Salmeterol irashobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita niba inyungu ziruta ibyago bishobora kubaho, ariko icyemezo kigomba gufatwa buri gihe hamwe n'umuganga wawe. Asima idafashwe neza mu gihe cyo gutwita irashobora kuba akaga ku mubyeyi no ku mwana kurusha imiti ubwayo. Muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi niba salmeterol yanditswe mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Niba uteganya gutwita cyangwa ukavumbura ko utwite ukoresha salmeterol, ganira ibi na muganga wawe vuba bishoboka. Bashobora gushaka guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura cyangwa kongera gukurikirana kugirango umutekano wawe n'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe byose bigaragarire mu gihe cyo gutwita.