Urushinge rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Ibitera, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo

Urushinge rwa COVID-19 rukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya adenovirus vector rwa Janssen ni urushinge rumwe rugufasha kukurinda indwara ikomeye ya COVID-19. Uru rushinge rukoresha virusi isanzwe y'ibicurane (adenovirus) nk'uburyo bwo gutanga amabwiriza yo kwigisha umubiri wawe uko wamenya no kurwanya virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 itera COVID-19.

Bitandukanye n'izindi nkingo za COVID-19 zisaba doze ebyiri, urukingo rwa Janssen rutanga uburinzi hamwe n'urushinge rumwe gusa. Uru rukingo rwapimwe neza kandi rwemejwe n'inzego z'ubuzima ku isi hose kugira ngo rugufashe kugabanya ibyago byo kujyanwa mu bitaro no gupfa bitewe na COVID-19.

Urushinge rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) ni iki?

Urukingo rwa Janssen rwa COVID-19 ni urukingo rwa viral vector rukoresha adenovirus yahinduwe kugira ngo itange amabwiriza ya genetike mu ntsinga zawe. Adenovirus ikora nk'imodoka itwara ibintu, itwara igishushanyo cyo gukora igice cya poroteyine ya coronavirus spike mu ntsinga zawe z'imitsi.

Iyo inzego zawe zimaze kubona aya mabwiriza, zikora poroteyine ya spike, umubiri wawe ukamenya ko ari umunyamahanga. Umubiri wawe noneho ukora imyanya y'abarwanyi kandi ugakoresha izindi nzego z'umubiri kugira ngo zikurinde niba wahuye na virusi ya COVID-19 nyayo nyuma.

Adenovirus ikoreshwa muri uru rukingo ntishobora kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe kandi ntishobora gutuma urwara. Yahinduwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo ibe nziza kandi ikiri uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga urukingo.

Kumva urushinge rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) bimeze gute?

Kumva urushinge rwa Janssen rwa COVID-19 bimeze nk'uko wakira izindi nkingo zinjizwa mu ntsinga. Uzumva gusa ukubabara cyangwa gutoboka vuba iyo urushinge rwinjiye mu mutsi wo mu kaboko kawe, bikurikirwa n'akanya gato ko gushyirwaho igitutu urukingo ruterwa.

Umuti w'urushinge ubwawo ufata amasegonda make. Abantu benshi bavuga ko kumva bimeze nk'uko bahabwa urukingo rwa gripu cyangwa urundi rukingo rusanzwe. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kwicara cyangwa kuryama mugihe cy'urushinge kugirango wumve uryohewe.

Nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, ushobora kubona ububabare bwihuse cyangwa kubabara gato ahantu baterwa urushinge. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi byerekana ko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rutangiye gusubiza urukingo.

Ni iki gitera ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Janssen COVID-19 zibaho kuko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ruri gusubiza urukingo kandi rukiga kukurinda. Iyo selile zawe zikora poroteyine ya spike, urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rurayimenya nk'ikintu cy'amahanga kandi rutangira kubaka ubwirinzi.

Iyi myitwararire y'ubudahangarwa irashobora gutera umubyimbire ahantu baterwa urushinge no mu mubiri wawe wose. Umubyimbire ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rukora neza kandi rugateza imbere ubwirinzi ukeneye kurwanya COVID-19.

Uko umubiri wawe witwara kuri adenovirus vector ubwayo nayo irashobora gutera ingaruka. Nubwo adenovirus yahinduwe kandi itekanye, urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rushobora kuyisubiza nk'uko byagenda ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose cy'amahanga kinjiye mu mubiri wawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zisanzwe ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Abantu benshi bahabwa urukingo rwa Janssen COVID-19 bahura n'ingaruka zoroheje kugeza ku ziciriritse zikemuka zonyine muminsi mike. Izi ngaruka ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe byerekana ko umubiri wawe uri kubaka ubwirinzi kurwanya COVID-19.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo:

• Urubabare, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu baterwa urushinge
• Kunanirwa cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Umutwe
• Kubabara imitsi
• Udukoko
• Urubavu
• Isesemi
• Kubabara mu ngingo

Ibyo bimenyetso bigaragara mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi akenshi bikamara iminsi 1-3. Abantu benshi basanga imiti igabanya ububabare itangwa nta gahunda n'ikiruhuko bifasha guhangana n'ibi bimenyetso neza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bidasanzwe byo ku ruhande bya urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Nubwo bitajyenda bibaho, abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye byo ku ruhande biturutse ku rukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa Janssen. Ibi bimenyetso bidasanzwe bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga kandi byagenzurwa neza n'inzego z'ubuzima.

Ikimenyetso kidasanzwe cyane ni thrombosis hamwe na thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), ikubiyemo amaraso avura hamwe n'umubare muto wa platelet. Iyi ndwara ibaho mu gihe cy'imibare iri hagati ya 3-4 kuri miliyoni imwe y'inkingo zatanzwe, akenshi mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye byo ku ruhande birimo:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwivumbura (anaphylaxis)
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (intege nke z'imitsi n'ugutumuka by'agateganyo)
• Amaraso avura ahantu hatari hasanzwe
• Umutwe ukomeye udashira
• Urubavu rukomeye
• Kugufiwa umwuka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza

Abaganga b'ubuzima bahawe imyitozo yo kumenya no kuvura ibi bibazo bidasanzwe. Inyungu zo gukingirwa zikomeza kurusha ibyago ku bantu benshi, cyane cyane abari mu kaga gakomeye ka COVID-19.

Ese ibimenyetso byo ku ruhande biturutse ku rukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) bishobora gushira byonyine?

Yego, ibimenyetso byinshi byo ku ruhande biturutse ku rukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa Janssen bikira byonyine nta kuvurwa na muganga. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe nk'ububabare ahatewe urukingo, umunaniro, n'umuriro woroshye akenshi bishira mu minsi 1-3.

Umubiri wawe ugabanya kamere y'uburwayi igihe urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rurangiza igikorwa cyarwo cyambere ku rukingo. Kubabara no kubyimba ahatewe urukingo akenshi bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu masaha 24-48 hanyuma bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Ariko, ugomba kwegera abaganga niba ingaruka zikomeza kuba mbi aho gukira, zikaba zirambye kurenza icyumweru, cyangwa niba ugize ibimenyetso bibangamye nk'umutwe ukabije, kuribwa mu gituza, cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa na COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) zivurwa mu rugo?

Urashobora kwifashisha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwivuza mu rugo kugira ngo uvure ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa na Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. Ubu buryo bwo kwivuza mu rugo bushobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa.

Ku bijyanye n'ububabare no kubyimba ahaterwa urushinge, gerageza ubu buryo bukurikira:

• Shyira igitambaro cyiza, gitose kandi gikanye ku gice cyatewe urushinge iminota 10-15
• Koresha ukuboko kwawe uko bisanzwe kugira ngo wirinde guhagarara
• Fata imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga nk'acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen
• Irinda gukora cyangwa gukanda ahatewe urushinge

Ku bijyanye n'ibibazo rusange nk'umuriro, umunaniro, cyangwa kubabara umubiri:

• Ruhuka cyane kandi uryame
• Nywa amazi menshi kugira ngo ugumane amazi ahagije mu mubiri
• Jyana imyenda yoroheje niba ufite umuriro
• Fata imiti igurishwa uko byanditswe ku gapaki

Ubu buryo bwo kwivuza mu rugo bugomba kugufasha kumva umeze neza mu minsi mike. Wibuke ko kugira ingaruka bisanzwe kandi bigaragaza ko ubudahangarwa bwawe burimo gusubiza neza urukingo.

Ni iyihe miti ivura ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa na COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ubuvuzi bw'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa na Janssen COVID-19 vaccine buterwa n'uburyo bwihariye urimo guhura na bwo. Abaganga bafite uburyo bwashyizweho bwo kuvura ibibazo bisanzwe bikomeye n'ibibazo bidasanzwe.

Kubera ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri (anaphylaxis), amatsinda y'abaganga atanga ubuvuzi bwihuse hamwe na epinephrine n'izindi miti y'ubutabazi. Bazagenzura imyuka yawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'umuvuduko w'umutima mugihe bashyigikira imikorere y'umubiri wawe kugeza igihe icyo kibazo gikemutse.

Kubera thrombosis hamwe na thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), abaganga bakoresha imiti idasanzwe igabanya amaraso n'imiti itandukanye n'imiti isanzwe ikuraho ibibumbye by'amaraso. Ubuvuzi burimo immunoglobulin yo mu maraso (IVIG) n'imiti idasanzwe igabanya amaraso ikora neza nubwo umubare wa platelet ari muto.

Niba urwaye Guillain-Barré syndrome, ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo guhanahana plasma cyangwa imiti ya immunoglobulin kugirango ifashe kugabanya ububyimbirwe bugira ingaruka ku miyoboro yawe. Imyitozo ngororamubiri n'ubufasha bifasha gucunga ibimenyetso mugihe cyo gukira.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ugomba guhita uvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso byose by'ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane muminsi mike nyuma yo gukingirwa. Nubwo ibimenyetso bikomeye bidakunze kubaho, kumenya no kuvura hakiri kare ni ngombwa kugirango habeho ibisubizo byiza.

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso byo kwitondera:

• Umutwe ukabije utavurwa n'imiti igurishwa itagomba uruhushya rw'umuganga
• Kuruka bidahagarara
• Urubavu rukabije
• Ukuboko kubyimba cyangwa kuribwa
• Kugufiwa umwuka cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Gukomeretsa byoroshye cyangwa utudomo dutukura duto kumubiri wawe
• Kureba nabi cyangwa gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo

Vugana kandi n'umuganga wawe niba ingaruka zisanzwe nk'umuriro, umunaniro, cyangwa kuribwa ahaterwa urukingo byiyongera nyuma y'iminsi mike cyangwa bikamara icyumweru kirekire. Nubwo ibi bidakunze kubaho, biruta kugenzura ibimenyetso kugirango wemeze ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugira uruhare mu kugira urugero rwo guhura n'ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa Janssen. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora gufasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku bijyanye no gukingirwa.

Imyaka isa nk'aho igira uruhare, aho abantu bakiri bato bashobora guhura n'ingaruka zirimo umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, no kubabara imitsi. Abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 50 bakunda kugira uburyo bwo kwirinda bukomeye, bushobora gutuma bagira ingaruka zigaragara.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byawe birimo:

• Kuba umugore (ibyangombwa byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe)
• Kugira amateka y'indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
• Gufata imiti imwe n'imwe igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
• Kuba warigeze kurwara COVID-19
• Amateka y'indwara zo gupfuka amaraso
• Kuba uri munsi y'imyaka 50 (kuri TTS by'umwihariko)

Ariko, kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzahura neza n'ingaruka. Abantu benshi bakira urukingo neza hatitawe ku bintu byabo byongera ibyago.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Nubwo ingorane ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa Janssen ari gake, ni ngombwa kumva icyo zishobora guteganya. Ingorane nyinshi ziravurwa iyo zimenyekanye hakiri kare kandi zigashyirwa mu bikorwa n'abashinzwe ubuzima.

Ingorane ikomeye ni syndrome ya thrombosis hamwe na thrombocytopenia (TTS), ishobora gutera sitiroki, gutera umutima, cyangwa izindi ngingo zangiritse niba itavuwe vuba. Iyi ndwara isaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura no gukurikiranwa neza mu bitaro.

Izindi ngorane zishoboka zirimo:

• Ubwitabire bukomeye bw'uburwayi busaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa
• Amabara y'amaraso ahantu hatari hasanzwe nko mu bwonko cyangwa mu nda
• Ibimenyetso by'imitsi birambye biturutse kuri syndrome ya Guillain-Barré
• Indwara zikurikira ahantu hakorerwa inshinge (gake cyane)
• Ubwitabire buhoraho bw'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko izi ngorane zikunda kubaho cyane ugereranyije n'ingorane ziterwa n'ubwandu bwa COVID-19 ubwabyo. Abaganga bakomeza gukurikirana umutekano w'urukingo kandi bafite uburyo bwo kumenya no kuvura vuba ingorane zose zigaragara.

Ese urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) ni rwiza cyangwa ni rubi mu kurinda COVID-19?

Urukingo rwa Janssen rwa COVID-19 ni rwiza mu kurinda COVID-19 ikaze, kujyanwa mu bitaro, no gupfa. Igeragezwa ryo kwa muganga ryagaragaje ko urukingo rufite ubushobozi bwa 66% bwo gukumira indwara ya COVID-19 yo hagati kugeza ku ikaze kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo gukumira ibibazo bikomeye.

Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bukomeye ku bijyanye no kujyanwa mu bitaro no gupfa bitewe na COVID-19, ibyo bikaba ari byo bibazo bikomeye by'ubwandu. Ubu burinzi bugikomeye nubwo ubwoko bushya bwa virusi buza, nubwo imikorere ishobora guhinduka.

Nubwo urukingo rushobora kutakumira ibibazo byose by'ubwandu bwa COVID-19, rugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara bikomeye. Abantu bikingiwe kandi bagahura n'ubwandu bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi bakira vuba kurusha abatarikingije.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gufata urukingo rwa Janssen rumwe rutuma rugirira akamaro abantu bagorwa no kugera ku buvuzi cyangwa gusubira mu byiciro bya kabiri. Iki kintu cyo kuboneka kigira uruhare mu nyungu rusange z'ubuzima.

Ni iki gishobora kwitiranywa n'ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Janssen rwa COVID-19 rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwitiranywa n'izindi ndwara zisanzwe cyangwa ibibazo. Uku kuyoba birumvikana kuko ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo zisa n'ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa virusi cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

Uko gufatwa n’umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, kubabara imitsi, n’umuriro biturutse ku rukingo biroroshye kwitiranya na gripu cyangwa ibicurane. Abantu bamwe bahangayika ko baba baranduye COVID-19, ariko urukingo ntirushobora gutera indwara ya COVID-19.

Ibintu bikunze kwitiranywa birimo:

• Ibimenyetso bya gripu cyangwa ibicurane (umuriro, umunaniro, kubabara umubiri)
• Ubumara bwo mu biryo (isuka, umunaniro)
• Uruhare rw’umunabi cyangwa impungenge (kubabara umutwe, umunaniro)
• Allergies z’igihembwe (umunaniro, kubabara umutwe)
• Ingaruka zo kutaryama neza (umunaniro, kugorana kwitonda)

Itandukaniro rikomeye ni igihe - ingaruka ziterwa n’urukingo zikunze gutangira mu minsi 1-2 nyuma yo gukingirwa zigakira mu minsi mike. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeje cyangwa bikiyongera, birakwiye gutekereza ku zindi mpamvu no kugisha inama umuganga wawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)

Ese nshobora kurwara COVID-19 ku rukingo rwa Janssen?

Oya, ntushobora kurwara COVID-19 ku rukingo rwa Janssen. Urukingo rukoresha adenovirus yahinduwe itashobora kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe kandi ntirukubiyemo virusi ya SARS-CoV-2. Urukingo rwigisha urugero rwawe rw’umubiri kumenya coronavirus itateje indwara nyayo.

Urukingo rwa Janssen rumara igihe kingana iki rutanga uburinzi?

Uburinzi butangwa n’urukingo rwa Janssen busa nk’aho bumara amezi menshi, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko bukomeza gukora neza nibura amezi 6-8 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ariko, uburinzi bushobora kugabanuka uko igihe gihita, kandi inkingo zongera gushimangira zishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho ubudahangarwa bwiza, cyane cyane uko ubwoko bushya buza.

Ese nshobora gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mbere yo guhabwa urukingo rwa Janssen?

Muri rusange birasabwa kutanywa imiti igabanya ububabare mbere yo gukingirwa keretse muganga wawe abikubwiye byihariye. Kunywa imiti nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen mbere yo gukingirwa bishobora kugabanya uburyo umubiri wawe witwara ku rukingo. Ariko, urashobora kunywa iyi miti nyuma yo gukingirwa kugirango ukumire ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo.

Ese urukingo rwa Janssen rufite umutekano ku bantu bafite allergie?

Urukingo rwa Janssen rufite umutekano ku bantu benshi bafite allergie, harimo allergie zisanzwe ziterwa n'ibiryo, allergie ziterwa n'ibihe, na allergie ziterwa n'imiti. Ariko, niba ufite amateka y'uburwayi bukomeye bwa allergie ku nkingo cyangwa ibizigize, ganira na muganga wawe mbere yo gukingirwa. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya niba bifite umutekano kuri wowe kandi bashobora kugusaba gukurikiranwa by'inyongera.

Ese ngomba guhabwa urukingo rwa Janssen niba narigeze kurwara COVID-19?

Yego, ugomba guhabwa urukingo nubwo waba wararwaye COVID-19. Indwara isanzwe itanga ubudahangarwa, ariko gukingirwa bifasha kongera no kwagura uburinzi bwawe. Urukingo rushobora gutanga uburinzi bwagutse kurwanya ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi kurusha indwara isanzwe yonyine. Inzego z'ubuzima nyinshi zishimira gutegereza kugeza wamaze gukira indwara ikaze mbere yo gukingirwa.