Ikingo rya COVID-19 rya mRNA ni iki? Ibimenyetso, ingaruka, & Icyo witegura

Ikingo rya COVID-19 rya mRNA ni ubwoko bushya bw'ikingo bufasha umubiri wawe kwiga kurwanya virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 itera COVID-19. Bitandukanye n'inkingo zisanzwe, inkingo za mRNA nk'iza Moderna ntizikubiyemo virusi nzima. Ahubwo, biha selile zawe amabwiriza yo gukora igice kitagira ingaruka cya poroteyine ya spike ya virusi, hanyuma kikigisha urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa uburyo bwo kumenya no kurwanya virusi nyayo niba wigeze kuyihura.

Ikingo rya COVID-19 rya mRNA ni iki?

Ikingo rya COVID-19 rya mRNA rikubiyemo messenger RNA (mRNA) iziritse mu dukoko duto tw'ibinure twitwa lipid nanoparticles. Iyi mRNA ikora nk'igitabo cy'amabwiriza ya selile zawe. Iyo uhabwa urukingo binyuze mu nshinge mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe, selile zawe zisoma aya mabwiriza hanyuma zigakora by'agateganyo kopi za poroteyine ya spike ya coronavirus.

Urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rero rumenya iyi poroteyine ya spike nk'iy'abanyamahanga hanyuma rugakora imibiri irwanya indwara kandi rugakora izindi ngaruka z'ubudahangarwa bwo kuyirwanya. Ubu buryo butegura umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 nyayo niba uyihuyeho nyuma. mRNA iva mu rukingo yarasenyutse vuba na umubiri wawe kandi ntiguma mu mubiri wawe igihe kirekire.

Kumva kw'ikingo rya COVID-19 rya mRNA kumeze gute?

Guhabwa urukingo rwa COVID-19 rya mRNA bimeze nk'uko wakira izindi nkingo zose zinjizwa mu misitsi. Uzumva urusaku ruto cyangwa urusaku igihe urushinge rwinjira mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe. Urukingo ubwarwo rufata amasegonda make, kandi abantu benshi barusobanura nk'aho batagira ibibazo byinshi nk'urukingo rw'ibicurane.

Nyuma yo guterwa urukingo, ushobora kubona ububabare cyangwa kubabara ahantu baterwa urukingo. Ibi ni ibisanzwe rwose kandi byerekana ko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ruri gusubiza urukingo. Ahantu baterwa urukingo hashobora kumva gashyushye cyangwa kugaragara gatukura cyangwa gakabimba.

Ni iki gitera ingaruka zituruka ku rukingo rwa COVID-19 rya mRNA?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA zibaho kuko umubiri wawe ukora neza icyo ugomba gukora. Iyo selile zawe zitangiye gukora poroteyine ya spike, umubiri wawe urayimenya nk'ikintu cy'amahanga maze ugatangira kubaka uburyo bwo kwirinda.

Iyi myitwararire y'umubiri irinda irashobora gutera ububyimbirwe bw'agateganyo, bigatuma ubona ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo. Dore impamvu nyamukuru zitera ingaruka:

• Umubiri wawe urimo kwiga kumenya poroteyine ya spike
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera turimo gukoreshwa kugira ngo dukore imbaraga zirinda
• Umubiri wawe ukora molekile zishyushye nk'igice cy'uburyo umubiri urinda
• Igice cy'umubiri kiri ahantu batera urukingo cyitwara neza ku bice bigize urukingo

Izi ngaruka ni ibimenyetso byiza byerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo kubaka ubudahangarwa. Ingaruka nyinshi zoroheje kandi zikavaho mu minsi mike igihe umubiri wawe urangije igikorwa cyawo cya mbere cyo kwirinda.

Urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA ni ikimenyetso cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA ubwarwo si ikimenyetso cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'ikintu icyo aricyo cyose giteye impungenge. Ariko, ingaruka ubona nyuma yo gukingirwa ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe ukora neza kandi ukubaka uburyo bwo kwirinda COVID-19.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zerekana ko umubiri wawe witwara neza ku rukingo. Izi ngaruka zerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo kwiga kumenya no kurwanya koronavirusi. Niba ubona ingaruka, mubisanzwe bivuze ko urukingo rukora akazi karwo ko kwigisha umubiri wawe kwirinda.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo by'uburwayi bwo kwivumbura ku bice bigize urukingo. Izi ngaruka zikunda kuba ako kanya kandi zishobora gucungwa neza n'abaganga ku turere batera inkingo.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA zishobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, ibimenyetso byinshi biterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA bikira mu minsi mike. Uburyo umubiri wawe wihanganira indwara ni bw'agateganyo, kandi uko urangiza kwiga kurwanya virusi, ibimenyetso biragenda bikira.

Ibimenyetso byoroheje nk'ububabare mu kuboko, umunaniro, cyangwa umuriro muke akenshi bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru nyuma y'amasaha 24-48 nyuma yo gukingirwa hanyuma bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Abantu benshi bumva basubiye uko bari mbere mu minsi 2-3 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwabo.

Uburyo umubiri wawe wihanganira indwara bufite ubushobozi bwinshi muri ubu buryo. Iyo umaze kumenya kumenya poroteyine yitwa spike no gukora imibiri ikenewe irwanya indwara, uburyo bwo guhangana n'indwara butera ibimenyetso bigenda bigabanuka.

Ni gute ibimenyetso biterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA bivurwa mu rugo?

Urashobora kwita ku bimenyetso byinshi biterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA neza mu rugo ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye kandi bwiza. Intego ni ugushyigikira umubiri wawe mugihe wubaka ubudahangarwa kandi ugufashe kumva umeze neza muri ubu buryo.

Dore uburyo bwiza bwo koroshya ibimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Shyira igitambaro gitose kandi gikanye ahantu hakorewe urukingo mu gihe cy'iminota 15-20 kugirango ugabanye kubyimba
• Kora imyitozo yoroheje cyangwa ukoreshe ukuboko kwawe kwakingiwe kugirango wirinde kuremererwa
• Fata imiti igurishwa idasabye uruhushya rwa muganga nk'acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen niba bikwiye
• Komeza kunywa amazi menshi
• Ruhuka bihagije kugirango ushyigikire uburyo umubiri wawe wihanganira indwara
• Jyana imyenda yoroshye kugirango wirinde gushyushya ahantu hakorewe urukingo

Ubu buryo bworoshye burashobora kuzamura cyane uko wumva umeze neza. Wibuke ko kugira ibimenyetso bisanzwe kandi by'agateganyo, bityo wihangane n'umubiri wawe uko ukora uyu murimo w'ingenzi.

Ni ukuvura iki mu buvuzi kubijyanye n'ibimenyetso bikomeye byatewe n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA?

Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA buraboneka kandi bufite akamaro kanini, nubwo izo ndwara zibaho gake cyane. Abaganga biteguye neza guhangana n'ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kubaho.

Ku ndwara zikomeye ziterwa n'uburwayi bwo mu mubiri (anaphylaxis), ubuvuzi bwihuse burimo guterwa urushinge rwa epinephrine, imiti irwanya allergie, na corticosteroids. Ibi nibyo bituma ahantu hakorerwa inkingo hagumisha abantu mu maso iminota 15-30 nyuma yo guterwa urukingo. Ingaruka nyinshi zikomeye zibaho muri iki gihe kandi zishobora kuvurwa ako kanya.

Ku zindi ndwara zidakunze kubaho nka myocarditis (uburwayi bwo mu mutima), ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo imiti irwanya ububyimbirizi no gukurikiranwa neza. Ibyago byinshi ni bike kandi bikira bitewe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye no kuruhuka.

Abaganga bafite uburambe bwinshi mu kuvura indwara ziterwa n'inkingo kandi bakurikiza amabwiriza ashyizweho kugirango bakwemeze umutekano wawe no gukira.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kujya kwa muganga nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA?

Ukwiriye kujya kwa muganga niba ubonye ibimenyetso bisa nk'ibikomeye cyane cyangwa ntibigenda neza nkuko byari byitezwe nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA. Nubwo ingaruka nyinshi ziba nto kandi zikamaraho igihe gito, ni ngombwa kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kurwara allergie nk'ubugorane bwo guhumeka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, cyangwa ibibara byose ku mubiri
• Uburibwe mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa umutima utera cyane, cyane cyane ku bantu bakiri bato
• Urubura rwinshi (rurenze 102°F) rumara iminsi irenga 2-3
• Umutwe ukabije hamwe no gukakara mu ijosi cyangwa guhinduka kw'ibyo ubona
• Kubyimba amaguru bidasanzwe, uburibwe bukomeye mu nda, cyangwa kuva amaraso bidahagarara
• Ikindi kimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose kikubabaza cyangwa kitagenda neza nyuma y'iminsi mike

Kwizera ibitekerezo byawe ku mubiri wawe. Niba hari ikintu cyumvikana ko kidakora neza cyangwa gitandukanye n'ingaruka zisanzwe zoroheje za urukingo, buri gihe ni byiza kugisha inama umuganga kugirango ugire amahoro mu mutima.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugira uruhare mu gushobora kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko abantu benshi boroherwa n'urukingo nubwo bafite ibyo bintu.

Ushobora kurushaho kugira ingaruka niba:

• Ukiri muto (abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 65 akenshi bagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye)
• Uri umugore (abagore bakunda gutanga raporo y'ingaruka nyinshi kurusha abagabo)
• Wigeze kurwara COVID-19 (ubudahangarwa bwawe bushobora gusubiza vuba)
• Uri guhabwa urukingo rwa kabiri (urukingo rwa kabiri akenshi rutera ingaruka nyinshi)
• Ufite amateka y'ibikorwa bikomeye ku zindi nkingo
• Ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri

Ibi bintu ntibisobanura ko utagomba gukingirwa. Bifasha gusa wowe n'umuganga wawe kumenya icyo wakwitega no gutegura uko bikwiye.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA ni gake cyane, ariko ni ngombwa kumva icyo ari cyo kugirango ubimenye nibibaho. Abantu benshi cyane bakira inkingo za mRNA bagira ingaruka zoroheje gusa, z'igihe gito.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zikaba gake zirimo:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri (anaphylaxis) - bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 2-5 kuri miliyoni imwe y'inkingo
• Myocarditis cyangwa pericarditis (uburwayi bwo mu mutima) - bikunda kubaho cyane ku bagabo bakiri bato, akenshi ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye
• Thrombosis hamwe na thrombocytopenia syndrome - uburwayi bwo mu maraso butavugwa cyane
• Guillain-Barré syndrome - uburwayi bw'imitsi butavugwa cyane butera intege nke mu mikaya
• Urugero rukomeye rw'ukuboko ruturutse ku buryo bwo gutera urushinge - ntibisanzwe

Izi ngaruka zigenzurwa cyane n'inzego z'ubuzima ku isi hose. Inyungu zo gukingirwa ziruta cyane izi ngaruka zitavugwa cyane, cyane cyane mugihe tuzirikana ingaruka zikomeye COVID-19 ubwayo ishobora gutera.

Ese urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA ni rwiza cyangwa ni rubi ku bantu bafite uburwayi bw'ibanze?

Urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA muri rusange rufitiye akamaro kanini abantu bafite uburwayi bw'ibanze, kuko aba bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye za COVID-19. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bukomeye akenshi buruta ibyago byose bishobora kubaho.

Abantu bafite uburwayi nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, indwara z'impyiko, cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza barashishikarizwa cyane gukingirwa. Urukingo rubafasha kurinda ingaruka zishobora guteza ubuzima bwabo akaga za COVID-19 zishobora kuba zikomeye cyane kurusha ingaruka zose ziterwa n'urukingo.

Ariko, abantu bafite uburwayi runaka bagomba kuganira n'abaganga babo ku gihe cyo gukingirwa n'ingamba zifatwa. Ibi birimo abafite indwara zikomeye, allergie zikomeye ku bice by'urukingo, cyangwa abakira imiti runaka igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gupima inyungu n'ibyago bishingiye ku buzima bwawe bwihariye kandi akemeza ko wakira urukingo mu buryo bwizewe.

Ni iki ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA zishobora kwitiranywa n'iki?

Ingaruka zo guterwa urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa mRNA rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwitiranywa n'izindi ndwara, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera impungenge zitari ngombwa. Kumva ibyo bisa bishobora kugufasha gutandukanya ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo guterwa urukingo n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

Ingaruka zo guterwa urukingo zikunze kwitiranywa na:

• Uburwayi bwa COVID-19 - gucika intege, kuribwa umutwe, no kuribwa imitsi ni ibisanzwe kuri byombi
• Uburwayi bwa gripu yo mu gihe runaka - umuriro, kuribwa umubiri, no kumva unaniwe bishobora gusa nk'aho bisa
• Kurohoka mu biryo - isesemi no gucika intege bishobora gusa nk'aho bihura
• Umuvundo cyangwa impungenge - kuribwa umutwe no gucika intege bishobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi
• Izindi ndwara - umuriro muto ushobora kwerekana uburwayi
• Kuribwa imitsi - kuribwa ukuboko bishobora gusa nk'aho ari imvune

Itandukaniro rikomeye ni igihe. Ingaruka zo guterwa urukingo akenshi zitangira mu masaha make cyangwa umunsi umwe nyuma yo guterwa urukingo zigakira mu minsi 2-3. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeje cyangwa bisa nk'aho bitajyanye n'igihe watewe urukingo, bishobora kuba bifite indi mpamvu.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa mRNA

Q1. Urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa mRNA rumara igihe kingana gute rutanga uburinzi?

Uburinzi butangwa n'urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa mRNA akenshi bumara amezi menshi kugeza ku mwaka urenga, nubwo ibyo bitandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye n'ubwoko bwa virusi. Urwego rw'abasirikare b'umubiri wawe rusanzwe rugabanuka uko igihe gihita, ni yo mpamvu inkingo zongera ziteganijwe. Abantu benshi bagumana uburinzi bwiza ku ndwara zikomeye mu mezi menshi, nubwo uburinzi ku burwayi bworoshye bushobora kugabanuka mbere.

Q2. Nshobora kurwara COVID-19 natewe urukingo rwa mRNA?

Oya, ntushobora kurwara COVID-19 natewe urukingo rwa mRNA. Urukingo rukubiyemo gusa amabwiriza ya genetike yo gukora poroteyine ya spike, atari virusi nzima. Ibyo bice bya poroteyine bitagira ingaruka bikorwa n'uturemangingo twawe by'agateganyo, kandi urwego rwawe rw'ubwirinzi rwigira kubimenya. Nta buryo urukingo rushobora gutera uburwayi bwa COVID-19.

Q3. Urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwa mRNA ruzagira ingaruka ku burezi bwanjye?

Oya, nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko inkingo za COVID-19 mRNA zigira ingaruka ku kubyara ku bagabo cyangwa abagore. Ubushakashatsi bunini bwagaragaje ko nta tandukaniro mu gipimo cyo gutwita cyangwa imikorere yo kubyara hagati y'abantu bakingiwe n'abatakingiwe. Urwo rukingo ntirusagurira mu ngingo z'imyororokere cyangwa ngo rubangamire imikorere y'imisemburo.

Q4. Nshobora gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mbere yo guhabwa urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA?

Muri rusange birakwiriye kwirinda gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nka ibuprofen cyangwa acetaminophen mbere yo guhabwa urukingo rwawe rwa COVID-19 mRNA, kuko bishobora kugabanya gato ubudahangarwa bwawe. Ariko, urashobora kuyifata nyuma yo gukingirwa niba wumva ingaruka zayo. Niba ufata iyi miti buri gihe kubera izindi ndwara, komeza kuyifata nkuko byategetswe na muganga wawe.

Q5. Urukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA rukora neza gute ku bwoko bushya bwa virusi?

Inkingo za COVID-19 mRNA zigikora neza cyane ku ndwara zikomeye no kwinjizwa mu bitaro biturutse ku bwoko bwa virusi bwinshi, harimo n'ubushya. Nubwo kurinda indwara zoroheje bishobora kugabanuka ku bwoko bumwe bwa virusi, inkingo zigitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku ngaruka zikomeye. Inkingo zongerewe zitegurwa kugirango zibasire ubwoko bushya bwa virusi igihe bibaye ngombwa.