Ni iki Gakingirwa ka COVID-19 ka mRNA? Ibimenyetso, Ibitera, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu Rugo

Gakingirwa ka COVID-19 ka mRNA ni ubwoko bushya bwa gakingirwa bigisha umubiri wawe uko wamenya no kurwanya virusi itera COVID-19. Mu mwanya wo gukoresha uturemangingo twa virusi twananiwe cyangwa twapfuye nk'uko bigenda ku gakingirwa gakondo, gakingirwa ka mRNA gakoresha igice cy'umurongo wa jeni witwa messenger RNA kugira ngo yigishe uturemangingo twawe gukora igice kitagira ingaruka cya poroteyine ya spike ya coronavirus. Iyi nzira ifasha umubiri wawe kubaka ubudahangarwa utarigeze na rimwe kwandura virusi nyayo.

Ni iki gakingirwa ka COVID-19 ka mRNA?

Gakingirwa ka COVID-19 ka mRNA karimo messenger RNA yazingiye mu tunini duto tw'ibinure twitwa lipid nanoparticles. Iyo uhabwa urukingo binyuze mu nshinge mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe, utwo tunini dutanga amabwiriza ku turemangingo twawe kugira ngo dukore igice cya poroteyine ya spike iboneka ku gice cyo hejuru cya coronavirus.

Umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa wemera iyi poroteyine ya spike nk'iy'abanyamahanga kandi ukora imisemburo y'ubudahangarwa kandi igakora n'izindi nzira z'ubudahangarwa zo kuyirwanya. Ibi bivuze ko niba nyuma wanduye coronavirus nyayo, umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa wibuka uko wakwirinda kandi ushobora gusubiza vuba kugira ngo wirinde indwara ikomeye.

Urukingo rwa Pfizer-BioNTech rwari rumwe mu rukingo rwa mbere rwa mRNA COVID-19 rwemerewe gukoreshwa kandi rwakoreshejwe ku bantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni ku isi hose hamwe n'ubuziranenge bukomeye.

Kumva umeze gute umaze guhabwa urukingo rwa mRNA COVID-19?

Inshinge nyazo zimeze nk'umutsi cyangwa urusenda mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe, bisa n'izindi nkingo zisanzwe ushobora kuba warahawe. Gushyira urushinge bitwara amasegonda make, kandi abantu benshi basobanura ko kutoroherwa ari gake cyane.

Nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo, ushobora guhura n'ingaruka zimwe na zimwe nk'uko umubiri wawe usubiza urukingo. Izi ngaruka mu by'ukuri ni ikimenyetso cyiza ko umubiri wawe uri kubaka ubwirinzi bwo kurwanya COVID-19.

Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zikunda kuza mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi ibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi zishobora kurimo kubabara cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urushinge, umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, kubabara imitsi, guhinda umururumba, cyangwa umuriro muke. Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bikira byonyine mu minsi mike.

Ni iki gitera ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 zibaho kuko urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bwawe ruri gusubiza ku rukingo kandi rwigira uburyo bwo kurwanya koronavirusi. Iyi myitwararire y'ubudahangarwa nicyo gikoresho cy'urukingo rugamije gutera.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mu mubiri wawe bishobora gutera ingaruka z'igihe gito:

• Uturemangingo twawe dukora poroteyine yitwa spike, urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bwawe rukayimenya nk'iy'abanyamahanga
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera twihutira ahatewe urushinge, bigatuma habaho kubyimba no kuribwa
• Umubiri wawe ukora imisemburo yitwa antibodies kandi ugakoresha uturemangingo twa T kugirango twibuke uburyo bwo kurwanya virusi
• Molekile zishyushya zitwa cytokines zirarekurwa, zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'ibya grip
• Ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe bushobora kwiyongera gato nk'igice cy'uburyo ubudahangarwa bwawe busanzwe bukora

Utunyangingo duto tw'ibinyamavuta dutwara mRNA nako dushobora gutuma habaho ibikorwa byo mu gace ahatewe urushinge. Utu tunyangingo twagenewe gukorwaho n'uturemangingo twawe hanyuma tugasenywa mu buryo busanzwe n'umubiri wawe.

Ni izihe ndwara inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 zishobora gufasha kwirinda?

Inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 zifite akamaro kanini mu kwirinda indwara zikomeye, kujyanwa mu bitaro, no gupfa na COVID-19. Zitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku ngaruka zikomeye ziterwa no kwandura koronavirusi.

Inkingo zifasha kwirinda indwara nyinshi zifitanye isano na COVID-19:

• Indwara ya COVID-19 ikomeye isaba kujyanwa mu bitaro
• Umuvumo wa COVID-19 no kunanirwa guhumeka
• COVID-19 ndende cyangwa ibibazo bya nyuma ya COVID-19 mu bihe byinshi
• Ibibazo bifitanye isano na COVID-19 nk'amaraso avura
• Uburwayi bwo kubyimba mu nzego nyinshi
• Gupfa na COVID-19

Nubwo indwara zishobora kwaduka nubwo umuntu yakingiwe, cyane cyane n'ubwoko bushya, abantu bakingiwe akenshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi bagakira vuba kurusha abatarakingiwe.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 zishobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 zishira burundu zonyine mu minsi mike. Umubiri wawe ukora akazi kawo ko kwirinda indwara ukagenda utuza iyo umaze kumenya no kurwanya coronavirus.

Abantu benshi babona ko ingaruka zabo zitangira gukira nyuma y'amasaha 24-48 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Kubabara no kubyimba ahatewe urushinge akenshi bitangira kugabanuka mu munsi wa mbere, naho ibimenyetso byose by'umubiri nk'umunaniro cyangwa umuriro muke akenshi bikira mu minsi 2-3.

Niba ubonye ingaruka zimara icyumweru kirekire cyangwa ibimenyetso birushaho kuba bibi aho gukira, ni byiza ko wavugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo umenye neza ko byose bigenda neza.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 zivurwa mu rugo?

Urashobora kwifashisha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwivuza mu rugo ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'inkingo, bifasha umubiri wawe kuruhuka no gukira. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya kutumva neza mu gihe umubiri wawe ukora akazi kawo k'ingenzi.

Kubera kubabara no kubyimba ahatewe urushinge, gerageza ubu buryo bukurikira:

• Shyira akantu gakonje kandi gatose ahantu hababara mu gihe cy'iminota 15-20
• Kora imyitozo yoroheje y'ukuboko n'ukw'urutugu kugira ngo wirinde kwuma
• Fata imiti igurishwa muri farumasi yo kugabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen niba bikenewe
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye kugira ngo wirinde gushyira umubiri ahatewe urushinge

Kubera ibimenyetso byose by'umubiri nk'umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, cyangwa umuriro muke, tekereza ku buryo bukurikira bwo kwita ku mubiri:

• Kuruhuka cyane no gusinzira bihagije kugira ngo ushyigikire urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa
• Gukomeza kunywa amazi menshi, icyayi cy'imiti, cyangwa amasupu atavanzemo
• Fata acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen ku kubabara no gushyuha niba ubishoboye
• Kurya ibiryo byoroheje, bifite intungamubiri iyo wumva ubishoboye
• Kwimuka cyane mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri

Iyi miti yo mu rugo irashobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa. Wibuke ko kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti bisanzwe kandi akenshi bigaragaza ko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ruri gusubiza neza urukingo.

Ni iyihe miti ivura ibibazo bikomeye byatewe n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19?

Nubwo ibibazo bikomeye byatewe n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 bidasanzwe cyane, abaganga biteguye neza kubivura nibibaho. Ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi bitanga inkingo bifite ibikoresho byo guhangana n'ingaruka zihise.

Kubera ibibazo bikomeye by'uburwayi (anaphylaxis), bibaho mu gihe gito cyane cyane cyane cyane 5 kuri miliyoni imwe ya doze, imiti yihuse ivura irimo inshinge za epinephrine n'ubufasha mu buvuzi. Iyi niyo mpamvu usabwa gutegereza iminota 15-30 nyuma yo gukingirwa kugirango urebe.

Izindi ndwara zidasanzwe zishobora gusaba ubufasha mu buvuzi zirimo myocarditis (uburwayi bw'umutima) cyangwa pericarditis (uburwayi bukubiye umutima), bikunda kubaho cyane cyane mu basore nyuma ya doze ya kabiri. Izi ndwara zikunda kuba zoroshye kandi zikavurwa neza n'imiti irwanya ububyimbirwe no kuruhuka.

Abaganga bashobora kandi gusuzuma no kuvura ibimenyetso byose byamara igihe kirekire cyangwa biteye impungenge bitavurwa n'ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo, bakwemeza ko wakira ubufasha bukwiriye mu buvuzi niba bikenewe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa mRNA COVID-19?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba wumva ibimenyetso bikomeye, bidasanzwe, cyangwa bitagira icyo bitanga nk'uko byari byitezwe nyuma yo gukingirwa. Nubwo ingaruka nyinshi ziba zoroshye kandi zikaba zihita zishira, hariho ibibazo bisaba ko umuntu asuzumwa n'abaganga.

Shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa niba ugize kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso biteye impungenge:

• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Urubavu rubabaza cyangwa umuvuduko mu gituza, cyane cyane ku bagabo bakiri bato
• Ukubura mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo
• Uruhu rurwaye cyane cyangwa ibiheri byinshi
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa umutima utera umuvuduko
• Umutwe ukabije utavurwa n'imiti isanzwe

Vugana kandi n'umuganga wawe niba wumva ibimenyetso byoroheje bikomeza cyangwa bikiyongera nyuma y'icyumweru, nk'umunaniro urambye, umuriro urambye, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo guterwa urushinge bikomeza gukwira cyangwa bikaba byarushaho kubabaza.

Kwizera ibitekerezo byawe ku mubiri wawe. Niba hari ikintu kigaragara ko gitandukanye cyangwa giteye impungenge, buri gihe birakwiriye gushaka ubujyanama bw'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ugire amahoro mu mutima no kwitabwaho neza.

Ni iki gitera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ugira ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19, nubwo abantu benshi boroherwa n'izi nkingo hatitawe ku miterere yabo.

Ushobora kurushaho kugira ingaruka niba:

• Ukiri muto, cyane cyane uri munsi y'imyaka 55
• Uri umugore, kuko abagore bakunda kugira ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku nkingo
• Wigeze kurwara COVID-19, bishobora gutuma habaho ibikorwa byinshi byo kwirinda indwara
• Wakiriye urukingo rwa kabiri, kuko ubusanzwe ubudahangarwa burakomera
• Wigeze kugira ibikorwa bikomeye ku zindi nkingo
• Ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa zikora ku mikorere y'ubudahangarwa

Kugira ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ntibisobanura ko utakagombye gukingirwa. Inyungu zo gukingira ziruta cyane ibyago kuri buri wese, kandi ingaruka muri rusange zirashoboka kandi zikaba iz'igihe gito.

Niba ufite impungenge ku byago byawe bwite, kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe birashobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite icyizere cyo gukingirwa.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za mRNA COVID-19 inkingo?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 ni gake cyane, zikaba zibaho mu gice gito cyane cy'imiti ya miliyoni yatewe ku isi hose. Kumva ibi bishoboka bidasanzwe birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye inyungu ku gukingirwa.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zidasanzwe zirimo:

• Kwitabaza bikabije (anaphylaxis) - ibibazo bike kuri miliyoni imwe y'imiti
• Myocarditis cyangwa pericarditis - cyane cyane ibibazo byoroheje ku bahungu bato, ibibazo bigera kuri 12-13 kuri miliyoni imwe y'imiti ya kabiri
• Thrombosis hamwe na thrombocytopenia syndrome - ibibazo bidasanzwe byo gupfuka amaraso
• Guillain-Barré syndrome - ibibazo bidasanzwe byo kwivumbura kw'umubiri bigira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'imitsi
• Ubukomere bw'urutugu bujyanye no gutanga urukingo (SIRVA) - biturutse ku buryo butari bwo bwo gutera urukingo

N'izo ngaruka zidasanzwe muri rusange ziravurwa kandi zigakira hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiriye. Sisitemu z'ubuzima zifite uburyo bwo kumenya no gucunga ibi bibazo vuba niba bibayeho.

Ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa na COVID-19 ubwayo biruta cyane ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo, bituma gukingirwa ari uburyo bwiza kuri hafi ya buri wese wemerewe kuruhabwa.

Ese inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 ni nziza cyangwa mbi ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima by'ibanze?

Inkingo za mRNA za COVID-19 muri rusange zigirira akamaro kanini abantu bafite indwara zidakira, kuko aba bantu bahura n'ibibazo byinshi byo kurwara bikomeye na COVID-19 ubwayo. Inkingo zitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku bantu bafite ibibazo byinshi.

Abantu bafite indwara nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, indwara z'ibihaha, indwara z'impyiko, cyangwa abafite uburwayi bw'umubiri bukabije bahabwa umwanya wa mbere wo gukingirwa kuko bungukirwa cyane n'uburinzi izi nkingo zitanga.

Ariko, abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe bashobora gukenera ibitekerezo byihariye. Abantu bafite uburwayi bukomeye bw'umubiri ntibashobora gusubiza neza inkingo kandi bashobora gukenera doze zinyongera cyangwa igihe gitandukanye. Abafite amateka y'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwivumbura bashobora gukenera ingamba zidasanzwe mugihe cyo gukingirwa.

Niba ufite indwara zidakira, gukorana n'umuganga wawe kugirango umenye uburyo bwiza bwo gukingirwa kubibazo byawe byihariye bituma ubona uburinzi bwiza mugihe ugabanya ibibazo byose.

Ni iki gishobora kwitiranywa n'ibisubizo by'inkingo za mRNA za COVID-19?

Ingaruka z'inkingo rimwe na rimwe zirashobora kwitiranywa n'izindi ndwara, cyane cyane kuko zishobora kugaragara nk'izisa n'indwara zisanzwe. Kumva ibi bisa birashobora kugufasha gutandukanya ibisubizo bisanzwe by'inkingo n'izindi mpungenge z'ubuzima.

Ingaruka z'inkingo zikunze kwitiranywa na:

• Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'ibicurane cyangwa ibicurane, nubwo ibisubizo by'inkingo mubisanzwe bikemuka vuba
• Kurohoka cyangwa udukoko tw'inda, niba ufite isesemi cyangwa ikibazo cyo mu gifu
• Gukomeretsa imitsi cyangwa imvune ahantu batera urushinge
• Ibisubizo by'umunabi cyangwa impungenge, bishobora gutera ibimenyetso by'umubiri bisa
• Allergies z'igihe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibimenyetso byoroheje byo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero
• Ubwandu bwa COVID-19 ubwabyo, nubwo ibisubizo by'inkingo mubisanzwe bifite umurongo usobanutse

Ibyo bitandukanye cyane ni igihe n'igihe bimara. Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zikunze gutangira mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi ibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi zigakira mu minsi mike, mu gihe izindi ndwara zishobora kugira uburyo butandukanye bwo gutangira no gukira.

Niba utazi neza niba ibimenyetso byawe bifitanye isano n'urukingo cyangwa ikindi kintu, kugisha inama umuganga wawe birashobora gufasha gusobanura icyateye ibyo bimenyetso kandi bigatuma ubona ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19

Immunity itinda gute ku nkingo za mRNA COVID-19?

Uburinzi butangwa n'inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 buguma bukomeye byibuze amezi atandatu nyuma yo kurangiza urukurikirane rwa mbere, hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko immunity imara igihe kirekire. Ariko, urwego rw'amabuye arwanya indwara rusanzwe rugabanuka uko igihe kigenda, kandi ubwoko bushya bwa virusi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'urukingo.

Ibi nibyo bituma inkingo zongera gutangwa kugira ngo zirinde neza, cyane cyane ku bantu bakuze n'abantu bafite uburwayi bw'umubiri butuma batagira immunity igihe kirekire nk'abato, abantu bazima.

Nshobora kurwara COVID-19 n'urukingo rwa mRNA?

Oya, ntibishoboka kurwara COVID-19 n'inkingo za mRNA kuko ntizirimo virusi nzima. Inkingo zitegeka gusa selile zawe gukora agace gato ka poroteyine ya spike, atari virusi yuzuye itera ubwandu.

Niba urwaye COVID-19 nyuma gato yo gukingirwa, birashoboka ko wahuye na virusi mbere yuko umubiri wawe ufata igihe cyo kubaka uburinzi, ibyo bikunze gufata ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwawe rwa nyuma.

Ese inkingo za mRNA zigira ingaruka ku kubyara cyangwa gutwita?

Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwerekana ko inkingo za mRNA COVID-19 ntizigira ingaruka ku kubyara ku bagabo cyangwa abagore. Inkingo kandi zifite umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa, aho abagore batwite baha abana babo amabuye arinda indwara.

Imiryango minini y’ubuvuzi itanga inama yo gukingiza COVID-19 ku bantu batwite, bagerageza gutwita, cyangwa bonka kuko ibyago bya COVID-19 mu gihe cyo gutwita biri hejuru cyane kurusha ibyago byose byo gukingizwa.

Ni gute inkingo za mRNA zigereranywa n’inkingo gakondo mu bijyanye n’umutekano?

Inkingo za mRNA zifite imiterere y’umutekano isa n’iy’inkingo gakondo, aho ingaruka nyinshi ziba zoroshye kandi z’igihe gito. Itandukaniro rikuru ni uko inkingo za mRNA zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya, ariko igeragezwa ryimbitse ryo mu bitaro hamwe n’amakuru nyayo ava kuri miliyari z’inkingo zemeza umutekano wazo.

Ubwoko bwombi bw’inkingo bunyuzwa mu igeragezwa rikomeye no gukurikiranwa, kandi byombi birashobora gutera ingaruka zisa nk’uko umubiri wawe w’ubudahangarwa witwara kugira ngo wubake ubwirinzi ku ndwara.

Mbese nkwiriye gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mbere yo gukingizwa kugira ngo nzirinde ingaruka?

Muri rusange ntibisabwa gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mbere yo gukingizwa kuko bishobora guhagarika uburyo umubiri wawe w’ubudahangarwa witwara ku rukingo. Ariko, gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nyuma yo gukingizwa kugira ngo ucunge ingaruka ni byiza rwose kandi ntizagira icyo zihindura ku mikorere y’urukingo.

Niba ufata imiti buri gihe kubera indwara zidakira, komeza kuyifata nkuko byategetswe. Ganira ku mpungenge zose zijyanye n’igihe cyo gufata imiti n’umuganga wawe mbere y’uko ukingizwa.