Ikingo rya SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 mRNA (Moderna): Ibikoreshwa, Uburyo bwo Gukoresha, Ingaruka Zishobora Kugaragara n'ibindi

Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 ni urukingo rwa mRNA rufasha kukurinda COVID-19 iterwa na virusi ya SARS-CoV-2. Urukingo rwigisha umubiri wawe uko wamenya no kurwanya virusi bitabangamiye indwara nyirizina.

Rwakozwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya messenger RNA, uru rukingo rwapimwe neza kandi rwagaragaye ko rufite akamaro mu gukumira indwara ya COVID-19 ikaze, kujyanwa mu bitaro, no gupfa. Rutangwa nk'urushinge mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe rwo hejuru kandi rwakomeje gufasha abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni ku isi hose kwirinda COVID-19.

Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 ni iki?

Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 ni urukingo rwa mRNA (messenger RNA) rukubiyemo amabwiriza ya genetike kugira ngo selile zawe zikore igice kitagira ingaruka cya poroteyine ya spike iboneka kuri virusi ya SARS-CoV-2. Iyo selile zawe zimaze gukora iyi poroteyine, umubiri wawe urayimenya nk'iy'abanyamahanga ugakora imisemburo yo kuyirwanya.

Uru rukingo ntirukubiyemo virusi nzima, bityo ntirushobora kuguha COVID-19. Ahubwo, rukora nk'igitabo cy'imyitozo ku mubiri wawe, rukawigisha uburyo bwo kumenya no gusubiza virusi nyirizina niba wayihuyeho nyuma.

Urukingo rukoresha ibice bito bya lipid kugira ngo rutange mRNA mu buryo bwizewe muri selile zawe z'imitsi. Utwo duce duto tw'ibinure turinda mRNA kandi tugafasha kwinjira muri selile zawe aho ishobora gukora akazi kayo ko gutanga amabwiriza yo gukora poroteyine.

Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 rukoreshwa mu iki?

Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira indwara ya COVID-19 ku bantu bafite amezi 6 n'abarenzeho. Rufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura SARS-CoV-2 kandi rugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kurwara indwara ikaze niba wanduye.

Urukingo rufite akamaro cyane mu kurinda ingaruka zikomeye za COVID-19, zirimo umusonga, kunanirwa kw'ingingo, n'urupfu. Rufasha kandi mu kugabanya ikwirakwiza ry'agakoko ku bandi, rufasha kurinda umuryango wawe n'abaturanyi.

Urukingo rurashimwa ku bantu benshi, harimo n'abafite indwara zidakira nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza. Muganga wawe ashobora kurugushimira nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi bwawe busanzwe, cyane cyane niba uri mu kaga gakomeye ka COVID-19.

Urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19 rukora gute?

Urukingo rwa Moderna rukora rutanga amabwiriza ya mRNA mu ngirangingo z'imitsi yawe, hanyuma zikarema kopi za poroteyine ya SARS-CoV-2. Ibi bifatwa nk'inzira ikomeye kandi ifite akamaro yo kubaka ubudahangarwa kuko itera umubiri gukora imisemburo irwanya indwara (antibodies) no gukora selile za T.

Iyo ingirangingo zawe zimaze gukora poroteyine, umubiri wawe urayimenya nk'ikintu cy'amahanga hanyuma ugatangira gukora imisemburo irwanya indwara no gukora selile z'ubudahangarwa. Iyi nzira isanzwe ifata ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa kugira ngo igere ku gikorwa cyuzuye.

mRNA iri mu rukingo isenywa n'ingirangingo zawe mu minsi mike, ariko ubudahangarwa ikora burashobora kumara amezi. Umubiri wawe wibuka uburyo bwo kurwanya virusi binyuze mu ngirangingo zibika amakuru ziguma mu mubiri wawe igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Nagomba gufata nte urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19?

Urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19 rutangwa nk'urushinge mu mutsi wo mu kaboko kawe k'igice cy'inyuma n'umuganga. Nta kintu na kimwe ugomba gukora kugira ngo witegure gukingirwa, kandi urashobora kurya no kunywa ibisanzwe mbere na nyuma.

Ku murongo w'ibanze, abantu benshi bahabwa doze ebyiri zitangwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 8. Doze ya mbere itangira kubaka ubudahangarwa bwawe, mugihe doze ya kabiri ikomeza kandi ikuzuza uburinzi bwawe bwa mbere.

Ugomba kumara iminota 15 ahantu baterera urukingo nyuma yo kuruterwa kugira ngo abaganga babashe kugukurikiranira hafi niba hari icyo wahura nacyo. Niba waragize ibibazo bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku bintu runaka, ushobora gukenera gutegereza iminota 30.

Ntabwo bisaba gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mbere yo guterwa urukingo, kuko ibyo bishobora kubangamira imikorere y'umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa. Ariko rero, urashobora kuyifata nyuma yo guterwa urukingo niba wumva ububabare.

Mbonera Ryari Gufata Urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19?

Urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19 si ikintu ufata buri munsi nk'umuti wa buri munsi. Ahubwo, ururuterwa mu nkingo zikurikirana kugira ngo wubake kandi urinde ubudahangarwa bwawe uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Nyuma y'inkingo ebyiri za mbere, birashoboka ko uzakenera inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa buri gihe kugira ngo urinde ubwirinzi bukomeye. Muri iki gihe, inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa zisabwa buri mwaka ku bantu benshi, kimwe n'uko ushobora guterwa urukingo rwa gripe buri mwaka.

Muganga wawe azagufasha kumenya igihe cyiza cyo guterwa inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa bitewe n'imyaka yawe, uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, n'amabwiriza y'inkingo ariho. Abantu bamwe bafite ubudahangarwa budakora neza bashobora gukenera inkingo zinyongera cyangwa inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa kenshi.

Igihe cyo guterwa inkingo n'inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa gishobora guhinduka uko twigira byinshi ku bijyanye na virusi n'imikorere y'urukingo. Umuganga wawe azakumenyesha igihe ukwiye guterwa urukingo rukurikira.

Ni Ibihe Bimenyetso Bigaragara Nyuma yo Guterwa Urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19?

Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje kugeza ku birenze gato nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa Moderna, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa ukora neza. Ibi bimenyetso bikunda kugaragara mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri bigakira mu minsi mike.

Reka turebere hamwe ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura nabyo, twibuka ko kugira ibimenyetso bisanzwe kandi byitezwe:

• Urubabare, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urushinge
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Umutwe
• Urubabare mu misitsi cyangwa mu ngingo
• Umutsima cyangwa kumva ukonje
• Urubore (akenshi ruto)
• Isesemi
• Imvubura zabyimbye mu kuboko cyangwa mu ijosi

Izi ngaruka ni uburyo umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa kandi akenshi zigaragara cyane nyuma ya dose ya kabiri. Abantu benshi basanga kuruhuka, kunywa amazi menshi, no gufata imiti igabanya ububabare ifasha kugabanya ibibazo byose.

Nubwo ingaruka zikomeye zitaba kenshi, ni ngombwa kuzimenya. Hano hari ingaruka zimwe zitaba kenshi ariko zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa:

• Ubwivumbagatanye bukomeye (anaphylaxis) - ntibibaho cyane, bibaho mu gihe cy’abantu 2-5 kuri miliyoni imwe ya dose
• Myocarditis cyangwa pericarditis (umutima wabyimbye) - bikunda kubaho cyane ku bagabo bakiri bato, akenshi bikorohera kandi ntibiramba
• Umutwe ukomeye cyangwa udakira hamwe n'imihindukire yo kureba
• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Urubore rurambye rurenza iminsi 3

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, gisha ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya. Wibuke ko izi ngaruka zikomeye zitaba kenshi ugereranije n'ibibazo bikomeye bishobora guterwa na COVID-19 ubwayo.

Ni bande batagomba gufata urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19?

Abantu bake cyane bagomba kwirinda urukingo rwa Moderna rwa COVID-19, kuko rufitiye abantu benshi umutekano. Ariko, hariho ibintu bimwe na bimwe byihariye aho utagomba guhabwa uru rukingo cyangwa ukaba ugomba kubiganiraho neza na muganga wawe mbere.

Ntabwo ugomba guhabwa urukingo rwa Moderna niba waragize ubwivumbagatanye bukomeye ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose kiri mu rukingo cyangwa kuri dose yabanje y'urukingo urwo arirwo rwose rwa COVID-19. Ibi birimo ibisubizo bikomeye nk'ubwivumbagatanye bwasabye ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi aho ugomba kwirinda cyangwa gutinda gukingirwa:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwatewe no kwanga ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kigize urukingo rwa Moderna
• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwanga urukingo urwo arirwo rwose rwa COVID-19 bwabayeho mbere
• Ubu urwaye indwara yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye irimo umuriro (tegereza kugeza ukozwe)
• Ubuvuzi bwa vuba aha bwakoreshejwe imiti irwanya imibiri ya COVID-19 (muganga wawe azakugira inama ku gihe)

Niba ufite amateka y'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwanga izindi nkingo cyangwa imiti, birashoboka ko ushobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Moderna, ariko umuganga wawe ashobora kwifuza kugukurikiranira hafi nyuma yaho.

Abantu bafite uburwayi bwo kwivumbura, abagore batwite, cyangwa indwara zidakira muri rusange barashobora kandi bagomba guhabwa urukingo, nubwo bashobora gukenera gahunda yo gufata imiti yahinduwe cyangwa doze zinyongera kugirango babone uburinzi bwiza.

Amazina y'Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19

Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 rugurishwa ku izina rya "Spikevax" mu bihugu byinshi, nubwo rukivugwa cyane nka "urukingo rwa Moderna." Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, rwari ruzwi cyane ku izina ryarwo ryo gukora ubushakashatsi mRNA-1273 mugihe cyo guteza imbere.

Ushobora kurubona rwanditswe nka "Urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19" cyangwa "Spikevax" ku nyandiko z'inkingo n'inyandiko z'ubuvuzi. Amazina yombi yerekeza ku rukingo rumwe rwakozwe na Moderna, Inc.

Ubwoko butandukanye burahari kubw'amatsinda y'imyaka itandukanye, hamwe n'ibice byihariye byagenewe gukoreshwa nabana ugereranije no gukoreshwa nabantu bakuru. Umuganga wawe azemeza ko wakira ubwoko bukwiye bw'imyaka yawe.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19

Izindi nkingo nyinshi za COVID-19 ziraboneka nkibisubizo byurukingo rwa Moderna, buri kimwe gifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora nibiranga. Guhitamo hagati yinkingo akenshi biterwa nuboneka, amateka yawe yubuvuzi, nibyo ukunda.

Izindi nshingano zikomeye zirimo urukingo rwa Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (urundi rukingo rwa mRNA), urukingo rwa Johnson & Johnson (urukingo rwa viral vector), n'izindi nkingo zemewe mu bihugu bitandukanye. Inkingo zose zemewe za COVID-19 zagaragaje ko zigira akamaro mu gukumira indwara zikomeye no gupfa.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa urukingo rushobora kuba rwiza kuri wowe. Mu bihe byinshi, urukingo rwiza ni urwo ubasha kubona igihe wemerewe kurukingirwa.

Ese Moderna iruta urukingo rwa Pfizer COVID-19?

Inkingo zombi za Moderna na Pfizer-BioNTech ni inkingo zikora neza cyane za mRNA zitanga uburinzi bukomeye kuri COVID-19. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko inkingo zombi zifite urugero rumwe rw'ubushobozi, zikumira indwara zikomeye, kujyanwa mu bitaro, no gupfa ku bantu barenga 90% bakingiwe.

Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'izo nkingo ni rito. Urukingo rwa Moderna rushobora gutanga ubudahangarwa burambye kandi rushobora gukora neza ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe, mu gihe urukingo rwa Pfizer rwari rumaze igihe rugaragara ku byiciro by'imyaka mito mu gihe cy'icyorezo.

Mu buryo bufatika, inkingo zombi zisaba doze ebyiri zo gutangira n'ibindi byongerwa buri gihe. Doze za Moderna zitangwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 4-8, mu gihe doze za Pfizer zitangwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 3-8.

Aho kwibanda ku cyiza

Abantu barwaye diyabete bitabiriye igerageza ry’imiti ntibagaragaje ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n’urukingo. Urukingo rufasha kukurinda COVID-19, ishobora kuba akaga cyane niba urwaye diyabete kuko ishobora gutuma isukari yo mu maraso yiyongera kandi ikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zikomeye.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mbonye urukingo rwa Moderna rwinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba ubonye urukingo rwa Moderna rwinshi mu buryo butunganye, ntugire ubwoba. Nubwo ibi bitari byiza, guhabwa urukingo rwinshi muri rusange ntibitera ingaruka zikomeye, nubwo ushobora guhura n’ingaruka zigaragara cyane.

Vugana n’umuganga wawe ako kanya kugira ngo umubwire ko wabonye urukingo rwinshi kandi muganire ku bimenyetso ushobora guhura nabyo. Bazashaka kugukurikiranira hafi kandi bashobora kugusaba gutinda urukingo rwawe ruteganyijwe kugira ngo wirinde gukingirwa cyane.

Bika amakuru ku ngaruka zose uhura nazo kandi ushake ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bikomeye nk’ingorane zo guhumeka, kuribwa mu gituza, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n’umubiri.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nasibye urukingo rwa kabiri rwa Moderna?

Niba wasibye urukingo rwa kabiri rwa Moderna, ruteganye vuba bishoboka. Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira urukurikirane rw’urukingo, hatitawe ku gihe cyashize uhereye ku rukingo rwawe rwa mbere.

Nubwo intera isabwa hagati y’urukingo ni ibyumweru 4-8, urashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa kabiri kabone niyo byaba byararenze. Umubiri wawe uzakomeza gusubiza neza kugira ngo urangize urukurikirane rw’urukingo rwa mbere.

Vugana n’umuganga wawe cyangwa aho bakugirira urukingo kugira ngo usubize gahunda yawe. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gufata urukingo rwa kabiri hashingiwe ku miterere yawe bwite.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata inkingo zongera imbaraga za Moderna?

Kugeza ubu, nta herezo rifatika ryo gukingirwa COVID-19, kuko virusi ikomeza guhinduka kandi ubudahangarwa bugenda bugabanuka uko igihe gihita. Kimwe na urukingo rwa buri mwaka rwa grip, inkingo zongera za COVID-19 zishobora kuzaba igice gisanzwe cyo kwirinda indwara.

Umuvuzi wawe azagufasha ku bijyanye n'ibitekerezo byo kongera inkingo bitewe n'imyaka yawe, uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, n'amabwiriza ya none y'ubuzima rusange. Igihe tuzaba tumenye byinshi ku birebana n'ubudahangarwa burambye n'ihinduka rya virusi, ibi bitekerezo bishobora guhinduka.

Urufatiro rwo gufata icyemezo cyo kongera inkingo mu gihe kizaza rushobora guterwa n'ibintu nk'uko witeguye kurwara COVID-19 ikomeye, kuvuka kw'ubwoko bushya bwa virusi, n'igihe ubudahangarwa bumara nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Q5. Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Moderna niba ntwite cyangwa nkamuza?

Yego, urukingo rwa Moderna COVID-19 ni rwiza kandi rurashimwa mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa. Abagore batwite bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara COVID-19 ikomeye, bituma gukingirwa ari ngombwa cyane mu kurinda wowe n'umwana wawe.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko inkingo za COVID-19 ntizongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byo gutwita, gukuramo inda, cyangwa ubumuga bwo kuvuka. Byongeye kandi, abagore batwite bakingiwe bashobora gukwirakwiza imibiri irinda abana babo, bitanga uburinzi mu gihe cy'umwana uvutse.

Niba utwite cyangwa konsa, ganira n'umuvuzi wawe ku gihe cyo gukingirwa, ushobora kuvuga ku bibazo byose byihariye kandi akagufasha gufata icyemezo cyiza ku miterere yawe.