Ni iki Gakingirwa ka Novavax ka COVID-19? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu Rugo

Gakingirwa ka Novavax ka COVID-19 ni urukingo rukoresha proteyine, rufasha kukurinda kwandura COVID-19. Bitandukanye n'inkingo za mRNA, uru rukingo rukubiyemo ibice by'ukuri bya proteyine ya spike ya virusi ihujwe na adjuvant (ikintu cyongera imbaraga z'umubiri wawe wo kurwanya indwara) kugira ngo ifashe umubiri wawe kubaka ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya SARS-CoV-2.

Uru rukingo rutanga ubundi buryo ku bantu bakunda uburyo bwa kera bwo gukingirwa. Rutangwa nk'urushinge mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe, rukora rutoza umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara kumenya no kurwanya coronavirus niba wayihuyeho nyuma.

Ni iki gakingirwa ka Novavax ka COVID-19?

Urukingo rwa Novavax ni urukingo rukoresha proteyine rukubiyemo kopi zakozwe muri laboratori za proteyine ya spike ziboneka ku gice cyo hejuru cya SARS-CoV-2. Iyi proteyine ya spike niyo virusi ikoresha kugirango yinjire mu ntsinga zawe kandi itere indwara.

Urukingo kandi rukubiyemo adjuvant yitwa Matrix-M, ikomoka ku gishishwa cy'igiti kandi ifasha gukomeza imbaraga zawe zo kurwanya indwara. Iyo wakiriye uru rukingo, umubiri wawe wigira kumenya proteyine ya spike nk'iy'abanyamahanga kandi ikarema imbaraga zo kurwanya indwara no gukora izindi ntsinga zo kurwanya indwara zo kuyirwanya.

Ubu buryo busa n'izindi nkingo zashyizweho neza nka urukingo rwa hepatite B. Umubiri wawe wubaka ubwirinzi utigeze uhura na virusi nyayo, ukugumisha umutekano mugihe ukora ubudahangarwa.

Kumva bimeze bite iyo wahawe urukingo rwa Novavax?

Kumva wahawe urukingo rwa Novavax bimeze nk'uko wakira izindi nkingo zose ziterwa mu ntsinga. Uzumva urusaku ruto cyangwa gutoboka iyo urushinge rwinjiye mu gice cy'ukuboko kwawe, akenshi bimara imyaka mike.

Abantu benshi basobanura ko guterwa urushinge ubwaryo ari bugufi kandi bworoshye. Umuganga wawe azahanagura ahantu batera urushinge, aguhe urushinge, kandi uzaba urangije mumunota.

Nyuma yo guterwa urukingo, ushobora kumva ububabare cyangwa kubyimba ahantu batera urukingo. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi byerekana ko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa ukora nk'uko bikwiye.

Ni iki gitera ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax?

Ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax ziterwa n'uko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa witabira poroteyine ya spike na adjuvant iri mu rukingo. Iyi myitwararire y'ubudahangarwa nicyo ushaka rwose - bivuze ko umubiri wawe wigira kurinda COVID-19.

Adjuvant iri mu rukingo yagenewe by'umwihariko kongera imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwawe, rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ingaruka zoroheje. Izi ngaruka ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa ukora neza kandi ukubaka ubwirinzi.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi bituma ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo:

• Umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa wemera poroteyine ya spike nk'iy'abanyamahanga
• Adjuvant yongera imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Itandukaniro ry'umuntu ku giti cye mu buryo umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa witwaramo
• Uburyo umubiri wawe usanzwe witwara mu kubyimbirwa nyuma yo guterwa urukingo
• Uburyo bwo guterwa urukingo mu mikaya

Ingaruka nyinshi zoroheje kandi zikemuka zonyine mu minsi mike. Umubiri wawe ukora gusa icyo ugomba gukora - kubaka ubudahangarwa kugirango ukurinde.

Urukingo rwa Novavax ni ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Urukingo rwa Novavax si ikimenyetso cy'ikintu icyo aricyo cyose - ni uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije kukurinda COVID-19. Ariko, ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo nyuma yo guterwa urukingo ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa witwara neza.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora kubona zirimo:

• Urubavu, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu batera urukingo
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva urushye kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Umutwe
• Urubavu rw'imitsi
• Urubavu rw'ingingo
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Urubavu cyangwa ibicurane

Ibi bisubizo mubisanzwe byerekana ko urwego rwawe rw’ubudahangarwa ruri kwiyubaka kugira ngo rurwanye COVID-19. Muri rusange, ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye kandi bikemuka mu minsi 1-3 nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye zirimo allergie ikaze cyangwa kubyimba k'umutima. Nubwo ibi bitamenyerewe, ni ngombwa kubimenya kandi ukegera abaganga niba ubonye ibimenyetso biteye inkeke.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax zishobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax zishira zonyine mu minsi mike. Umubiri wawe usanzwe ukora ibice by'urukingo kandi igisubizo cy'ubudahangarwa kigabanyuka uko urwego rwawe rwubaka ubudahangarwa.

Abantu benshi bumva basubiye mu buzima busanzwe mu minsi 1-3 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Bamwe bashobora kumva barushijeho mu masaha make gusa, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera icyumweru kugira ngo bumve bazanzamutse neza.

Urwego rwawe rw’ubudahangarwa rukora neza kugira ngo rukureho ibice by’urukingo mugihe rukora ubwirinzi burambye. Mugihe iki gikorwa kirangiye, ibibazo byose cyangwa ingaruka wahuye nazo bizashira muburyo busanzwe.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax zivurwa murugo?

Urashobora guhangana n'ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax neza murugo ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye kandi bwitonda. Ubu buryo burashobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza mugihe umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa.

Dore uburyo bwiza bwo koroshya ingaruka zisanzwe:

• Shyira akantu gakonje kandi gatose ahantu bakingirijeho mu gihe cy'iminota 10-15 kugirango ugabanye ububabare no kubyimba
• Fata imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen nkuko byategetswe kuri paketi
• Nywa amazi menshi kugirango ugume mu mazi kandi ufashishe umubiri wawe gukora urukingo
• Ruhuka bihagije kugirango ushyigikire igisubizo cy'ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Kora imyitozo yoroheje y'ukuboko kwawe kugirango wirinde umubabaro ahantu bakingirijeho
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye kandi ituma wumva umeze neza kugirango wirinde gushyira umubiri wawe ahantu bakingirijeho

Ibi bintu byoroshye bishobora gufasha cyane mu kugabanya ububabare mu minsi ya mbere nyuma yo gukingirwa. Abantu benshi basanga guhuza kuruhuka no kuvura ububabare byoroshye bikora neza.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bukoreshwa ku ngaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax ni gake, ariko iyo zibayeho, abaganga bafite imiti ikora neza. Abaganga benshi biteguye neza guhangana n'ibibazo biterwa n'urukingo.

Ku ngaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'uburwayi bwo kwanga ibintu (anaphylaxis), ubuvuzi bwihutirwa burimo inshinge za epinephrine n'ubufasha mu bitaro. Iyi niyo mpamvu ahantu bakingirira bagusaba gutegereza iminota 15-30 nyuma yo guterwa urukingo.

Niba urwaye umutima (myocarditis cyangwa pericarditis), muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti igabanya ububabare, kuruhuka, no kugenzura neza. Ibibazo byinshi ni bike kandi bikira bitewe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Umuvuzi wawe azahindura ubuvuzi bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe byihariye n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi. Bafite imiti n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura bishobora guhangana n'ibibazo byose neza.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kubera ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa nk'ibikomeye cyangwa bitavuyeho mu minsi mike. Nubwo ingaruka nyinshi zoroheje kandi ziteganijwe, ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga.

Shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa niba ugaragaza:

• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kumira
• Ukubyimba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo
• Uruhu rurwaye cyane cyangwa imyatsi
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Umutwe ukabije utavurwa n'imiti igabanya ububabare
• Urubavu rwinshi (rurenze 102°F) rumara amasaha arenga 48
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura ahaterwa urukingo (gukara cyane, gushyuha, amashyira)

Byongeyeho, hamagara muganga wawe niba ingaruka zoroheje zikomeje kurenza icyumweru kimwe cyangwa niba ufite impungenge zerekeye gukira kwawe. Wizere ibitekerezo byawe - niba hari ikintu kitumvikana, buri gihe ni byiza kugisha inama umuganga.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax, nubwo abantu benshi barwihanganira neza hatitawe ku mpamvu zibatera ibyago. Kumva ibi bintu birashobora kugufasha kwitegura no kumenya icyo witegura.

Ushobora kurushaho kugira ingaruka niba:

• Ukiri muto (abantu bari munsi yimyaka 65 akenshi bagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye)
• Uri umugore (abagore bakunda gutanga raporo yingiruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo)
• Ufite amateka yo kwibasirwa n'urukingo cyangwa imiti
• Ufite indwara y'ubudahangarwa cyangwa ufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa
• Uri guhabwa urukingo rwa kabiri (imyitwarire yo kongera imbaraga rimwe na rimwe irashobora gukomera)
• Wigeze kurwara COVID-19 mbere yo gukingirwa

Kugira ibi bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko rwose uzagira ingaruka - bisobanura gusa ko ushobora kurushaho kuzibona. Abantu benshi bafite ibi biranga baracyagira ingaruka nkeya cyangwa nta ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo.

Ni izihe ngorane zishoboka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax?

Ingorane zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax ni gake cyane, ariko ni ngombwa kumva uko zishobora kugaragara. Abantu benshi cyane bakira uru rukingo bahura gusa n'ingaruka zoroheje, z'igihe gito.

Ingorane zikomeye ariko zikaba gake zirimo:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitera allergie (anaphylaxis) - bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 2-5 kuri miliyoni y'inkingo zatewe
• Uburwayi bwo mu mutima (myocarditis cyangwa pericarditis) - bikunda kubaho cyane ku bagabo bakiri bato ariko bikaba bike cyane
• Guta igihagararo cyangwa kuvunika biturutse ku guta igihagararo igihe cyangwa nyuma yo gukingirwa
• Uburwayi bukomeye aho batera urushinge butuma umuntu atabasha gukoresha ukuboko
• Uburwayi bumara igihe kirekire butuma umuntu adashobora gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe mu gihe kirenga icyumweru

Ibi bibazo bikurikiranwa cyane n'inzego z'ubuzima ku isi hose. Inyungu zo gukingirwa mu kurwanya COVID-19 ikomeye ziruta cyane ibi byago bike ku bantu benshi.

Ese urukingo rwa Novavax rufite akamaro cyangwa ntacyo rumaze mu kurinda COVID-19?

Urukingo rwa Novavax rufite akamaro gakomeye mu kukurinda COVID-19, cyane cyane uburwayi bukomeye bushobora gutuma umuntu ajyanwa mu bitaro cyangwa agapfa. Igeragezwa ryo kwa muganga ryagaragaje ko rutanga uburinzi bukomeye ku gikoko.

Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bugera kuri 90% ku burwayi bwa COVID-19 bugaragaza ibimenyetso mu igeragezwa ryo kwa muganga. Rufite akamaro cyane mu kurinda uburwayi bukomeye, ari byo by'ingenzi ku buzima bwawe n'umutekano wawe.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha proteyine mu rukingo rwa Novavax bwagiye bukoreshwa neza mu zindi nkingo mu myaka myinshi ishize. Ibi bituma buba uburyo bwizewe kandi bwumvikana neza bwo kubaka ubudahangarwa ku ndwara zandura.

Ni iki ibimenyetso byo kwikingiza Novavax bishobora kwitiranywa na byo?

Rimwe na rimwe, ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kwikingiza bishobora kwitiranywa n'izindi ndwara, bishobora gutera impungenge zitari ngombwa. Kumenya icyo gisanzwe n'icyo gishobora kuba ikindi kintu bishobora kugufasha gusubiza mu buryo bukwiye.

Ibimenyetso byo kwikingiza rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwitiranywa na:

• Uburwayi bwa gripu cyangwa ibicurane (bitewe no kunanirwa, kubabara umutwe, no kubabara umubiri)
• Ubumara bwo mu biryo (bitewe no kuruka no kuribwa mu nda)
• Umutsi wamugaye (bitewe no kubabara no gukomera kw'ukuboko)
• Uburwayi bwa COVID-19 (kubera ko ibimenyetso bimwe bishobora gusa)
• Urugero rwo kwibasirwa n'ikintu kindi wahuye nacyo

Itandukaniro rikomeye ni igihe - ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zikunze gutangira mu masaha 12-48 nyuma yo guterwa urukingo kandi zigakira mu minsi mike. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeje cyangwa bikiyongera uko igihe kigenda, bishobora kuba bitajyanye n'urukingo.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa Novavax

Q1: Imbaraga ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Novavax zimara igihe kingana gute?

Ubushakashatsi buriho butanga igitekerezo cy'uko urukingo rwa Novavax rutanga uburinzi bukomeye byibuze amezi 6-12 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ariko, nk'izindi nkingo za COVID-19, birashoboka ko uzakenera doze zongera imbaraga kugira ngo urinde neza uko igihe kigenda.

Igihe imbaraga zimara biterwa n'ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'ubwoko bwa virusi zizenguruka. Abahanga bakomeza kwiga ku burinzi burambye kugira ngo batange inama zigezweho ku gihe cyo kongera imbaraga.

Q2: Nshobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Novavax niba narembejwe n'izindi nkingo?

Ibi biterwa n'ikintu cyihariye cyateje urugero rwawe rwo kurembanwa. Urukingo rwa Novavax rufite ibice bitandukanye n'inkingo za mRNA, bityo ushobora kuruhabwa n'ubwo waba wararembejwe n'izindi nkingo za COVID-19.

Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye. Barashobora kureba ibigize urukingo bakamenya niba ari byiza kuri wowe, bashobora no kugusaba gukurikiranwa byihariye mu gihe cyo gukingirwa.

Q3: Urukingo rwa Novavax ruzewe mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Ibimenyetso biriho bitanga igitekerezo cy'uko urukingo rwa Novavax ruzewe mu gihe cyo gutwita, nubwo ubushakashatsi buri gukomeza. Abagore batwite bari mu kaga gakomeye ka COVID-19, bituma gukingirwa bikunda cyane kuri iri tsinda.

Abagore benshi batwite bakiriwe neza inkingo zifite proteyine subunit mu bihe byashize. Ariko, ganira n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kugira ngo ufate icyemezo cyiza kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe.

Q4: Ni gute urukingo rwa Novavax ruhwanye n'inkingo za mRNA?

Zombi, inkingo za Novavax na mRNA zifite akamaro kanini mu gukumira COVID-19 ikomeye. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uburyo zikora - Novavax iguha proteyine nyayo ya spike, naho inkingo za mRNA ziha selile zawe amabwiriza yo gukora iyo proteyine.

Abantu bamwe bakunda Novavax kuko ikoresha uburyo gakondo bwo gukora inkingo bwagiye bukoreshwa neza mu zindi ndwara. Guhitamo akenshi biterwa n'icyo umuntu akunda n'uko ibintu bihagaze.

Q5: Nshobora kuvanga urukingo rwa Novavax n'izindi nkingo za COVID-19?

Amabwiriza y'ubu ngubu muri rusange asaba gukoresha urukingo rumwe mu murongo wawe w'ibanze, ariko kuvanga inkingo zitandukanye mu nkingo zongera ubudahangarwa akenshi birabyemewe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kuvanga inkingo rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutanga uburinzi bwagutse.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ku buryo bwiza bushingiye ku nkingo umaze guhabwa n'inama ziriho ubu. Bazatekereza ibintu nk'igihe, uko ibintu bihagaze, n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.