Ni iki Gakingirwa ka Smallpox-Monkeypox? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu Rugo

Urushinge rwa smallpox-monkeypox ni urukingo ruzima, rutikuba rwo rufasha kukurinda indwara zombi za smallpox na monkeypox. Urukingo rwa none rukoresha verisiyo yoroshye ya virusi ya vaccinia idashobora kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe, bigatuma irushaho kuba ryiza kuruta inkingo za kera za smallpox mugihe rigifite uburinzi bukomeye.

Ushobora guhabwa uru rukingo ukoresheje uburyo bubiri butandukanye: haba binyuze mu nshinge ntoya munsi y'uruhu rwawe (intradermal) cyangwa mu gice cyimbitse cyane mu gice cyo hepfo y'uruhu rwawe (subcutaneous). Zombi zikora neza, kandi umuganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye n'uburyo urukingo ruboneka.

Ni iki Gakingirwa ka Smallpox-Monkeypox?

Urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox ni umuti urinda ubugizi bwa nabi wigisha umubiri wawe kwibuka no kurwanya virusi zombi za smallpox na monkeypox. Urukingo rukubiyemo virusi nzima ariko yahinduwe yitwa vaccinia idashobora kwiyongera imbere mu mubiri wawe, bituma irushaho kuba ryiza kuruta inkingo gakondo za smallpox.

Urukingo rwateguwe byumwihariko kubantu bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura monkeypox cyangwa mumitekerereze aho gukumira smallpox ari ngombwa. Bizwi kandi ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya JYNNEOS kandi bigaragaza iterambere rikomeye muri tekinoroji yo gukumira virusi ya pox.

Igice cyitwa

Mugihe ukoresha inzira yo mu ruhu, ushobora kubona akantu gato kazamutse ahantu batera urukingo, ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ako kantu gakunda kuza nyuma y'amasaha make, hanyuma kagenda gasubira hasi buhoro buhoro mu minsi mike iri imbere igihe umubiri wawe ukora ku rwo rukingo.

Urukingo rwo munsi y'uruhu rushobora gutera kutumva neza mbere na mbere kuko urushinge rujya kure, ariko abantu benshi babona ko ubu buryo bwombi bwihanganirwa. Abantu bamwe bavuga ko bumva ubushye bugufi bugahita bushira vuba.

Kuki hakenewe gukingirwa impinduka z'ibibembe-Monkeypox?

Impamvu nyamukuru yo gukingirwa ni ukugira ngo wirinde gushobora guhura na virusi ya monkeypox, yongereye gukwirakwira mu myaka yashize. Abakozi bo mu buvuzi, abakozi bo mu laboratori, n'abantu bafitanye umubano wa hafi n'abantu banduye bakunda guhabwa uru rukingo nk'inzira yo kwirinda.

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera ibyago byo gukenera uru rukingo, kandi kubisobanukirwa bifasha gusobanura impamvu gukingirwa bishobora kugusaba:

• Gukora mu bigo by'ubuvuzi aho ushobora guhura n'abarwayi banduye
• Gukora mu laboratori bikubiyemo virusi z'ibibembe cyangwa ibikoresho byanduye
• Umubano wa hafi n'umuntu wasanzwemo monkeypox
• Gutura ahantu hari ibibembe bya monkeypox
• Kwitabira ibikorwa byongera ibyago byo guhura na byo
• Kugira urugero ruto rw'ubudahangarwa butuma kwandura biba bibi cyane

Umuvuzi wawe azasuzuma ibyago byawe ku giti cyawe hanyuma agutere urukingo niba yemera ko ushobora kungukirwa no kurindwa. Intego ni ukugenzura kwandura mbere yuko bibaho aho kubivura nyuma.

Gukingirwa ni ikimenyetso cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Guhabwa uru rukingo si ikimenyetso cy'uburwayi ahubwo ni ingamba zo kwita ku buzima. Byerekana ko wowe cyangwa umuvuzi wawe mwahuye n'ibyago byinshi byo guhura na monkeypox cyangwa ibibembe.

Icyemezo cyo gukingiza gishobora kugaragaza ibintu bitandukanye biba mu buzima bwawe cyangwa mu muryango wawe. Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo gukora mu mwuga urimo ibyago byinshi, gutura ahantu hari abarwayi, cyangwa kugira ibintu byawe bwite byongera ibyago byo kwandura.

Rimwe na rimwe gukingiza byemezwa nk'igice cyo guhangana n'icyorezo, bivuze ko abayobozi bashinzwe ubuzima rusange bamenye ko indwara yiyongereye mu gace utuyemo. Iki ni ingamba zo gukumira, ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko urwaye cyangwa wanduye.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zishobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox zishira zonyine mu minsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru. Umubiri wawe ukoresha ubwirinzi bwawo mu buryo busanzwe uko ukoresha urukingo kandi ukubaka ubwirinzi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zikunda gushira zitavuwe zirimo kubabara ahatewe urukingo, umunaniro muke, n'umuriro muke. Izi ngaruka zerekana neza ko ubwirinzi bwawe bwakiriye neza urukingo.

Aho urukingo rwatewe rushobora gukomeza kubabaza cyangwa kugaragaza umutuku mu gihe kingana icyumweru, ariko ibyo bigenda bishira uko umubiri wawe ukira. Abantu benshi basanga ko kutamererwa neza byose bishobora gucungwa kandi ntibibangamira imirimo yabo ya buri munsi.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zivurwa mu rugo?

Ushobora gucunga ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo neza uri mu rugo ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoheje. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugushyigikira uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha ubwirinzi bwawo mu buryo busanzwe mugihe ukomeza kumva umeze neza mugihe cyo kwirinda indwara.

Dore ingamba zimwe zo kwita ku rugo zishobora gufasha koroshya kutamererwa neza ushobora guhura na byo:

• Shyira igitambaro gitose kandi gikonje ku gice cyateweho urukingo mu gihe cy'iminota 10-15
• Fata imiti igurishwa itagomba uruhushya rwa muganga nk'acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen niba bibaye ngombwa
• Gira aho batera urukingo isuku kandi humye, wirinda amasabune akaze cyangwa gukubura cyane
• Jya wambara imyenda yoroshye itazakora ku gice cyateweho urukingo
• Guma mu mazi menshi kandi uruhuke bihagije kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Irinde imyitozo ikomeye mu masaha 24-48 niba wumva unaniwe cyangwa ufite ibisebe

Izi ngamba zoroheje zirashobora kunoza cyane imibereho yawe mugihe umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa. Wibuke ko ingaruka zoroheje zisanzwe kandi akenshi zerekana ko urukingo rukora neza.

Ni iki cyakorwa mu kuvura indwara zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox ni gake, ariko imiti irahari niba bibaye ngombwa. Abaganga bashobora guhangana n'ingaruka zikomeye bakoresheje imiti yandikwa na muganga ndetse n'ubufasha.

Kubijyanye n'ingaruka zikomeye zigaragara aho batera urukingo, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti ikoreshwa hanze cyangwa imiti yo kunywa kugira ngo agabanye umubyimbire no gukumira indwara. Bazagenzura ahantu batera urukingo neza kugira ngo barebe ko bikira neza.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane by'ingaruka zikwirakwira mu mubiri, imiti ishobora gukoreshwa harimo imiti ya antihistamines, corticosteroids, cyangwa indi miti yo guhangana n'ibimenyetso. Ubuvuzi mu bitaro burahari kubijyanye n'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'uburwayi bwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri, nubwo ibi bibaho ku bantu batarenze umwe muri miliyoni imwe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga nyuma yo gukingirwa?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye bisa nkibidahwanye cyangwa bikomeye. Nubwo ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo zoroheje, burigihe ni byiza gushaka ubuyobozi iyo utazi neza ibyo urimo guhura nabyo.

Ibyo bikwiye kwitabwaho n'abaganga harimo umuriro mwinshi udashira, ububabare bukomeye budakira n'imiti isanzwe, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwandu ahatewe urukingo. Wizere uko umubiri wawe wumva umeze.

Dore ibimenyetso bigaragaza neza ko ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe:

• Umuriro uri hejuru ya 101°F (38.3°C) umaze amasaha arenga 24
• Ububabare bukomeye cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo bikomeza nyuma y'amasaha 48
• Imirongo itukura iva ahatewe urukingo
• Amashyira cyangwa ibindi bidasanzwe biva ahatewe urukingo
• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kumira
• Uruhu rwatukuye cyangwa imyatsi
• Urugimbu rudashira, kuruka, cyangwa impiswi

Umuganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma vuba niba ibimenyetso byawe bisaba kuvurwa cyangwa ari igice cy'uburyo umubiri wakiriye urukingo. Ntukazuyaze guhamagara niba ufite impungenge zerekeye koroherwa kwawe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye inyungu urukingo no kwitegura ibishobora kuzavamo.

Abantu bafite uburwayi butuma umubiri udakora neza bashobora kugira ibisubizo bitandukanye ku rukingo, nubwo rusanzwe rufatwa nk'urufite umutekano ku bantu benshi. Imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'amateka yawe y'urukingo bishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo umubiri wawe witwara.

Ibyiciro n'ibihe bitandukanye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe wakira urukingo, kandi kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe bifasha kumenya neza ko hakoreshwa uburyo bufite umutekano kurusha ubundi:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bwabayeho ku nkingo cyangwa ibice by'inkingo
• Uburwayi buriho cyangwa umuriro mu gihe cyo gukingirwa
• Gufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe zo ku ruhu nka eczema cyangwa dermatitis
• Gutwita cyangwa guteganya gutwita
• Kugira amateka y'ibibazo by'umutima cyangwa ibintu byongera ibyago by'umutima
• Imyaka iri munsi ya 18 cyangwa hejuru ya 65

Umuvuzi wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ubuzima bwawe buriho mbere yo kugusaba gukingirwa. Barashobora guhindura igihe cyangwa gutanga ubugenzuzi bwongereweho niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'urukingo?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox ni gake cyane, ariko ni ngombwa kumva icyo gishobora kubaho. Abantu benshi bahura gusa n'ingaruka zoroheje, ariko kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho bifasha kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni ibisubizo byaho ku gice cyateweho urukingo, nk'umutuku urambye, kubyimba, cyangwa kubabara. Ibi mubisanzwe bikira uko igihe kigenda, nubwo bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire kurusha ibisubizo byoroheje bisanzwe.

Ingaruka zikunda kubaho cyane zirimo ibisubizo bikomeye bya sisitemu, kandi nubwo ibi bidakunze kubaho, ni ngombwa kubimenya:

• Ibisubizo bikomeye bya allergique (anaphylaxis) - ni gake cyane ariko bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse
• Uburwayi bw'umutima (myocarditis cyangwa pericarditis) - ni gake cyane, bikunda kubaho ku bagabo bato
• Ibisubizo bikomeye byo ku ruhu cyangwa ibibara byagutse
• Umuriro urambye cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ibicurane bimara icyumweru kirekire
• Uburwayi bwa bagiteri ya kabiri ahatewe urukingo
• Umunaniro ukabije cyangwa intege nke zibangamira imirimo ya buri munsi

Izo ngorane zibaho ku gace gato cyane k'abantu bakingiwe urukingo. Muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi kandi aguhe ubujyanama ku kumenya no gukemura ibibazo bidasanzwe.

Ni iyihe nzira nziza, iyo mu ruhu cyangwa iyo munsi y'uruhu?

Zombi, inzira yo mu ruhu no munsi y'uruhu, zikora neza mu gutanga urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox. Guhitamo hagati yazo akenshi biterwa n'uko urukingo ruboneka, uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, n'icyo muganga wawe agushyiraho.

Inzira yo mu ruhu ikoresha urukingo ruto rutangwa munsi y'uruhu, ibyo bishobora gufasha igihe urukingo rubonetse gake. Ubu buryo bwagaragaye ko butanga ubwirinzi bukomeye bw'umubiri bukoresheje urukingo ruto ku muntu.

Inzira yo munsi y'uruhu ikubiyemo guterera urukingo mu gice cy'umubiri kiri munsi y'uruhu rwawe. Ubu buryo bwa kera bwarasuzumwe cyane kandi butanga ubudahangarwa bwizewe, nubwo bisaba urukingo rwinshi.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'ubucucye bw'uruhu rwawe, amateka y'inkingo wahawe mbere, n'uko urukingo ruboneka ubu mu guhitamo inzira nziza kuri wowe. Uburyo bwombi bufatwa nk'ubutekanye kandi bukora neza mu kurinda monkeypox na smallpox.

Ni ikihe kintu gishobora kwitiranywa n'ibimenyetso by'urukingo?

Ibimenyetso by'urukingo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwitiranywa n'izindi ndwara, cyane cyane mu minsi ikurikira urukingo. Kumva ibyo bishobora kuvangirwa bifasha wowe na muganga wawe gusuzuma neza icyo urimo guhura nacyo.

Ibimenyetso byo ku gice cy'urukingo bishobora kwitiranywa n'indwara z'uruhu, kuribwa n'udukoko, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwo mu mubiri bitewe n'ibicuruzwa byisigwa ku ruhu. Igihe n'ahantu ibimenyetso bigaragarira akenshi bifasha gutandukanya ibimenyetso by'urukingo n'izindi mpamvu.

Ibimenyetso byo mu mubiri nk'umuriro, umunaniro, no kuribwa kw'imitsi bishobora kwitiranywa n'indwara ziterwa na virusi, cyane cyane niba wahuye n'indwara zisanzwe mu gihe cyo gukingirwa. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko ibimenyetso byo kwikingiza bisanzwe bitangira mu masaha 24-48 nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi bigakira vuba.

Abantu bamwe bahangayika ko ingaruka zo kwikingiza zishobora kugaragaza ko barimo kurwara indwara nyayo, ariko ibi ntibishobora kubaho ku rukingo rutavugurura. Ibimenyetso ubona ni uburyo umubiri wawe urwanya urukingo, atari ibimenyetso by'ubwandu.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa Smallpox-Monkeypox

Q1. Ubudahangarwa buturuka ku rukingo bumara igihe kingana iki?

Ubushakashatsi buriho buvuga ko ubudahangarwa buturuka ku rukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox bushobora kumara imyaka myinshi, nubwo igihe nyacyo kigikorwaho ubushakashashatsi. Abantu benshi bagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye mu byumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kurangiza urukurikirane rw'urukingo. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ku bijyanye no kongera kwikingiza bitewe n'ibintu bikugora kandi n'inama za vuba zishingiye ku bushakashatsi.

Q2. Nshobora guhabwa urukingo niba ntwise cyangwa nkamira?

Urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox ntirukunze gutangwa mu gihe cyo gutwita keretse niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Niba urimo konka, muganga wawe azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibibazo bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze. Buri gihe ganira ku byerekeye gutwita kwawe cyangwa konka na muganga wawe mbere yo guhabwa urukingo urwo arirwo rwose.

Q3. Nkeneye doze zingahe z'urukingo?

Abantu benshi bakeneye doze ebyiri z'urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox, zitangwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 4, kugira ngo bagere ku burinzi bwiza. Ariko, niba warigeze guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox, ushobora gukenera doze imwe gusa. Muganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe yo kwikingiza hanyuma agene gahunda ikwiriye ku buzima bwawe.

Q4. Nshobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe?

Yego, muri rusange ushobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe n'urukingo rwa smallpox-monkeypox, nubwo byagombye gutangwa mu maboko atandukanye igihe bishoboka. Umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango ategure gahunda yo gukingirwa kugirango yemeze ko uhabwa inkingo zose zikenewe mu buryo bwizewe kandi neza.

Q5. Nakora iki niba nciwe urukingo rwa kabiri?

Niba ucikwa urukingo rwa kabiri rwatanzwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba bishoboka kugirango utegure bundi bushya. Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira urukurikirane rw'urukingo, ariko kubona urukingo rwa kabiri ku gihe bifasha kumenya neza ko ugira ubudahangarwa bwuzuye. Umuganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ku gihe cyiza cyo kurangiza urukurikirane rwawe rw'urukingo.