Urushinge rwa Smallpox: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa smallpox ni urushinge rukoresha virusi nzima irinda smallpox, indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora kwica. Nubwo smallpox yakuweho ku isi hose mu 1980, uru rushinge rukomeje kuba ingenzi ku matsinda amwe y'abantu, harimo abakozi bo mu laboratori, abasirikare, n'abakozi bo mu buvuzi bashobora guhura na virusi.

Ushobora kuba wibaza kuri uru rushinge kubera akazi kawe, gahunda zo gutembera, cyangwa gusa kwifuza kumenya ibyerekeye iyi nkuru y'ubuvuzi. Kumva uko ikora n'icyo wakwitega birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buzima bwawe.

Urushinge rwa Smallpox ni iki?

Urushinge rwa smallpox rukubiyemo virusi nzima yitwa vaccinia virus, ifitanye isano rya hafi na smallpox ariko ifite umutekano mwinshi. Uru rushinge rutoza umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya smallpox nyayo niba wigeze kuyihura.

Urushinge rumazeho kuva mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1700 kandi rwagize uruhare runini mu gukuraho burundu smallpox ku isi. Ubu, uru rushinge rufite akamaro kanini, hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko rushobora gukumira smallpox ku bantu bagera kuri 95% barurushinzwe iyo rutanzwe mbere yo guhura na yo.

Urushinge rwa Smallpox rukoreshwa ku iki?

Urushinge rwa smallpox rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura na virusi ya smallpox. Kubera ko smallpox itakibaho mu buryo busanzwe, uru rushinge ntirugize uruhare mu gukingira abana nk'izindi nkingo ushobora kumenyera.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba uru rushinge niba ukora muri laboratori ikoresha smallpox cyangwa virusi zifitanye isano na yo. Abasirikare boherezwa mu turere tumwe na tumwe bashobora kuruhabwa nk'ingamba zo kwirinda. Byongeye kandi, abakozi bamwe bo mu buvuzi bashobora gusubiza ibitero bya bioterrorism bashobora kuba abakandida bo gukingirwa.

Urwo rukingo rushobora gutangwa nyuma yo guhura na smallpox, nubwo rukora neza iyo rutanzwe mu minsi mike ya mbere. Ubu buryo, bwitwa post-exposure prophylaxis, buracyatanga uburinzi bukomeye nubwo umaze guhura na virusi.

Urukingo rwa Smallpox rukora gute?

Urukingo rwa smallpox rukora rwinjiza virusi iteye intege ariko ikiriho mu mubiri wawe, bigatuma sisitemu yawe y'umubiri itangira gukora. Iyi virusi, yitwa vaccinia, isa na smallpox ku buryo umubiri wawe wigira kurwanya virusi zombi neza.

Umaze guhabwa urukingo, sisitemu yawe y'umubiri irema imisemburo y'abarwanya indwara kandi igakora uturemangingo twihariye twibuka uko barwanya smallpox. Ubu burinzi bw'urwibutso busanzwe bumara imyaka myinshi, nubwo ubudahangarwa bushobora kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda.

Ibi bifatwa nk'urukingo rukomeye kuko rukubiyemo virusi ikiriho, bituma rukora neza cyane ariko kandi bivuze ko rushobora gutera ingaruka zigaragara ugereranije n'izindi nkingo zimwe. Inyungu ni uburinzi bukomeye, bumara igihe kirekire ku ndwara ikomeye.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa smallpox nte?

Urukingo rwa smallpox rutangwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo gukomeretsa uruhu, atari ukoresheje urushinge rusanzwe nk'izindi nkingo nyinshi. Umuganga wawe azakoresha urushinge rwihariye rufite imbere ebyiri kugirango akomereze utwenge duto ku ruhu rwawe, akenshi ku kaboko kawe k'igice cyo hejuru.

Mbere yo gukingirwa, ntugomba kwirinda kurya cyangwa gufata ingamba zihariye. Ariko, ugomba kumenyesha muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata cyangwa indwara ufite. Bifasha kandi kwambara ishati ifite amaboko magufi kugirango ahantu hakingirwa haboneke byoroshye.

Ubu buryo ubwabwo bufata iminota mike gusa. Umuganga wawe azasukuza ahantu, ashyireho urutonyanga ruto rw'urukingo, hanyuma akoreshe urushinge rwa bifurcated kugirango akomereze utwenge tugera kuri 15 vuba na bwangu binyuze mu rutonyanga rw'urukingo mu ruhu rwawe.

Nyuma yo gukingirwa, uzakenera gukomeza ahantu bikingiriwe hasukuye kandi humye, kandi wirinde kurikora cyangwa kurikuraho. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye y'uko wakwitaho ahantu bikingiriwe uko bikira.

Nzamara igihe kingana iki nkingirwa urukingo rwa smallpox?

Urukingo rwa smallpox akenshi rutangwa nk'urukingo rumwe, ntabwo ari nk'imiti ikoreshwa buri gihe. Umaze guhabwa urukingo, uzagira ubudahangarwa bushobora kumara imyaka myinshi.

Ariko, niba ukomeje kuba mu kaga ko kwandura smallpox, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba urukingo rwo kongera. Ibi bikunda kuba buri myaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 ku bantu bakora na smallpox cyangwa virusi zifitanye isano nazo mu laboratori.

Umwanzuro wo kumenya niba ukeneye doze zindi zishingiye ku mpamvu zikwerekeyeho z'akaga n'igihe kimaze gushira uhereye ku rukingo rwawe rwa nyuma. Umuganga wawe azagufasha kumenya gahunda ikwiriye y'uko ubigenza.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa smallpox?

Abantu benshi bahabwa urukingo rwa smallpox bazagira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ahantu bikingiriwe, kandi ibi ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe cyerekana ko urukingo rukora. Igisubizo gikunze kubaho ni ukugaragara k'akantu gato gakura kakaba akabyimba hanyuma kakuma.

Ibi nibyo ushobora kwitega kuzabaho ahantu bikingiriwe mu byumweru bike bikurikira:

• Iminsi 1-3: Akabyimba gato gatukura karagaragara
• Iminsi 4-6: Akabyimba kazura amazi kandi gashobora kuruma
• Iminsi 7-14: Akabyimba gakura kakaba akabyimba gafite hagati hashenye
• Iminsi 14-21: Akabyimba karuma kakavamo igikomere
• Iminsi 21-28: Igikomere kiragwa, kigasiga igikomere gito

Ubu buryo ni busanzwe kandi bwerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo gusubiza neza urukingo.

Ushobora kandi kugira ibimenyetso rusange nk'uko umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa. Ibi bishobora kurimo umuriro muke, umunaniro, kubabara imitsi, n'imitsi yabyimbye hafi y'aho urukingo rwashyizwe. Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bigaragara mu cyumweru cya mbere kandi bikivana byonyine.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake ariko zishobora kubaho. Izi zirimo ibibazo bikomeye byo ku ruhu, indwara z'amaso niba urukingo rutungutse mu maso yawe, kandi mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, kubyimba k'umutima cyangwa ubwonko. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa butameze neza bahura n'ibibazo byinshi.

Ninde utagomba gufata urukingo rwa smallpox?

Amatsinda menshi y'abantu ntashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox kuko bahura n'ibibazo bikomeye. Niba ufite ubudahangarwa butameze neza kubera SIDA, kuvurwa kanseri, cyangwa imiti imwe, uru rukingo ntirugusabwa.

Abantu bafite ibibazo by'uruhu runaka bagomba kandi kwirinda uru rukingo. Niba ufite eczema, dermatitis, cyangwa izindi ndwara z'uruhu zihoraho, virusi nzima iri mu rukingo ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'uruhu bikwira hanze y'aho urukingo rwashyizwe.

Ibi bikurikira birinda ko utabona urukingo rwa smallpox:

• Gusama cyangwa gahunda yo gusama mu byumweru 4
• Konsa
• Ubudahangarwa butameze neza buturutse ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose
• Ibibazo by'uruhu by'ubu cyangwa vuba nka eczema
• Indwara z'umutima, cyane cyane ibibazo byangiza imikorere y'amaraso
• Ibibazo by'amaso birimo kornea
• Allergies zikomeye ku bice by'urukingo

Byongeye kandi, niba ubanana n'umuntu ufite kimwe muri ibi bibazo, ushobora gukenera gutinda gukingirwa kuko aho urukingo rwashyizwe rushobora kwandura kugeza rukize rwose.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ubuzima bwawe bw'ubu mbere yo kumenya niba uru rukingo rugukwiriye.

Amazina y'ubwoko bw'urukingo rwa smallpox

Urukingo rwa smallpox ruriho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika rwitwa ACAM2000, rukorwa na Emergent BioSolutions. Uru ni rwo rukingo rwa mbere rukoreshwa mu kurinda smallpox mbere na nyuma yo kwandura.

ACAM2000 yasimbuye urukingo rwa kera rwitwaga Dryvax, rwakoreshejwe imyaka myinshi ariko ntirukorwa ukundi. Urukingo rushya rufite ubushobozi bungana ariko rukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho n'ubugenzuzi bwiza.

Urundi rukingo rwitwa JYNNEOS (ruzi kandi nka Imvamune cyangwa Imvanex mu bindi bihugu) rwemejwe kandi mu kurinda smallpox. Uru rukingo rutandukanye kuko rukubiyemo virusi yahinduwe itikorera mu turemangingo tw'abantu, bigatuma rutekanye ku bantu bafite uburwayi bw'ubudahangarwa.

Uburyo bwo gusimbura urukingo rwa smallpox

Niba udashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox rusanzwe kubera impungenge z'ubuzima, JYNNEOS ishobora kuba uburyo bwo gusimbura. Uru rukingo rukoresha virusi ya vaccinia yahinduwe yateguwe kugira ngo itekane ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa cyangwa indwara z'uruhu.

JYNNEOS itangwa mu nshinge ebyiri munsi y'uruhu, zishyizwe intera ya hafi icyumweru 4. Ntabwo itera ibisubizo by'uruhu nk'urukingo rusanzwe kandi ifatwa nk'itekanye ku bantu basanzwe batabasha guhabwa inkingo za virusi nzima.

Ariko, JYNNEOS ntishobora gutanga urwego rumwe rw'ubudahangarwa burambye nk'urukingo rusanzwe, kandi ruzigamwe cyane cyane ku bantu bari mu kaga kanini ariko batabasha guhabwa ACAM2000 mu buryo butekanye.

Ku bantu benshi bari mu kaga ko kwandura smallpox, nta gisimbura nyacyo cyo gukingirwa. Ibindi bipimo nk'ukwirinda kwandura no gukurikiza amabwiriza y'umutekano ni ngombwa ariko ntibishobora gusimbura uburinzi butangwa no gukingirwa.

Ese urukingo rwa smallpox ruruta imiti irwanya virusi?

Urukingo rwa smallpox rutanga uburinzi bukomeye kandi buramba ugereranije n'imiti irwanya virusi. Nubwo hari imiti irwanya virusi ishobora gufasha kuvura smallpox umuntu aramutse yanduye, kwirinda binyuze mu gukingira bifite akamaro kanini.

Imiti irwanya virusi nka tecovirimat (TPOXX) ibaho nk'imiti ishobora kuvura smallpox, ariko ntirigeze igeragerezwa mu byago bya smallpox nyakuri kuva icyo cyorezo kitagihari mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi miti yakoreshwa gusa umuntu aramutse yarwaye smallpox.

Gukingira bikora mu kurinda indwara rwose, naho imiti irwanya virusi yafasha gusa kugabanya ibimenyetso n'ingorane nyuma yuko umuntu amaze kwandura. Urukingo rwatoza sisitemu yawe y'ubudahangarwa guhagarika smallpox mbere yuko igutera uburwayi.

Ku bantu bari mu kaga ko kwandura, gukingira bikomeza kuba igipimo cyiza cyo kurinda. Imitsi irwanya virusi ikora nk'uburyo bwo gufasha kuvura aho kuba isimbura kwirinda.

Ibikunze Kubazwa ku Rukingo rwa Smallpox

Q1. Ese urukingo rwa smallpox rufite umutekano ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Abantu bafite diyabete ifashwe neza muri rusange bashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox mu buryo butekanye. Ariko, niba ufite ingorane zatewe na diyabete zigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe cyangwa gukira kw'uruhu, muganga wawe azagomba gusuzuma imiterere yawe ku giti cyawe neza.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi gihangayikishije ni uko diyabete rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutinda gukira kw'ibikomere, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ahakorewe urukingo hakira. Umuganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'uko isukari yo mu maraso yawe iteye n'ingorane zose zatewe na diyabete mbere yo gutanga inama.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nshoboye gukoresha urukingo rwa smallpox rwinshi?

Niba byaguteye gukoresha urukingo rwa smallpox rwinshi ku ruhu rwawe mu gihe cyo gukingira, ntugahagarike. Kora ako gace ako kanya neza n'isabune n'amazi, hanyuma uvugishe umuganga wawe kugirango akugire inama.

Urukingo rushobora gukora gusa aho uruhu rwatobowe, bityo gusa kuba amazi y'urukingo ku ruhu rutangiritse mubisanzwe ntibigira akaga. Ariko, ugomba gukurikirana ahantu hose haba hari ibimenyetso bidasanzwe hanyuma ukavugana na muganga wawe nkuko byategetswe.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urukingo rwa smallpox?

Kubera ko urukingo rwa smallpox akenshi rutangwa nk'urukingo rumwe, mubisanzwe ntuzacikanwa n'urukingo mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, niba wagombaga guhabwa urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga hanyuma ukarengwa n'iyo gahunda, vugana n'umuganga wawe kugirango wongere gahunda.

Igihe cyo kongera imbaraga z'urukingo mubisanzwe gishobora guhindurwa nta mpungenge zikomeye. Muganga wawe azagufasha kumenya gahunda nziza ishingiye ku mpamvu zikugiraho ingaruka n'igihe kimaze kuva urukingo rwawe rwa nyuma.

Q4. Nshobora kureka gufata urukingo rwa smallpox ryari?

Ushobora kureka guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox iyo utakiri mu kaga ko kwandura virusi. Kubantu benshi, ibi bibaho iyo bahinduye akazi cyangwa batagikora ahantu hari ibyago byinshi nko muri laboratwari z'ubushakashatsi.

Umwanzuro wo kureka guhabwa inkingo zongera imbaraga ugomba gufatwa buri gihe hamwe na muganga wawe, ushobora gusuzuma impamvu zikugiraho ingaruka kandi akagufasha gufata icyemezo cyiza kubibazo byawe.

Q5. Nshobora gukora imyitozo nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox?

Imyitozo yoroheje mubisanzwe irakwiriye nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox, ariko ugomba kwirinda ibikorwa bishobora gutera ibyuya byinshi ahantu hakorewe urukingo cyangwa bikagira ingaruka ku gice. Koga, ibyumba bishyushye, na siporo zo gukoranaho zigomba kwirindwa kugeza aho urukingo rukorewe rukize neza.

Aho urukingo rukorewe rugomba kuguma rumeze neza kandi rumeze neza kugirango rukire neza, bityo ibikorwa bishobora kwanduza ahantu cyangwa gutera ubushuhe bwinshi bigomba gusubikwa mu byumweru bike. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku iterambere ryawe ryo gukira.