Sulfonamide ni iki: Ibikoresho, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Sulfonamides ni itsinda ry'imiti yica mikorobe imaze imyaka irenga 80 ifasha abantu kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri. Iyi miti ikora ibuza bagiteri gukura no kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe, igaha urugingo rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa amahirwe yo gukuraho ubwandu mu buryo bwa kamere.

Ushobora kumenya sulfonamides ku mazina asanzwe nka Bactrim cyangwa Septra, zihuza sulfamethoxazole na trimethoprim. Iyi miti iracyandikwa cyane uyu munsi kuko ifasha kurwanya bagiteri nyinshi zitandukanye ziteza indwara zisanzwe.

Sulfonamide ni iki?

Sulfonamides ni imiti yica mikorobe ikorwa na simusiga ikaba mu byiciro bishaje by'imiti irwanya mikorobe. Ni imiti ikorwa n'abantu yigana ikintu bagiteri zikeneye kugira ngo zibeho kandi zikure.

Tekereza sulfonamides nk'abiyitirira barya bagiteri bakoresha aho gukoresha intungamubiri y'ingenzi yitwa para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Iyo bagiteri igerageza gukoresha sulfonamide aho gukoresha PABA, ntibishobora gukora poroteyine zikeneye kugira ngo zibeho. Ibi bibabuza kwiyongera kandi amaherezo bikabica.

Sulfonamide ikoreshwa cyane uyu munsi ni sulfamethoxazole, akenshi ihuzwa n'indi miti yica mikorobe yitwa trimethoprim. Uku guhuza gutuma umuti ukora neza kurwanya bagiteri nyinshi zitandukanye.

Sulfonamide ikoreshwa mu iki?

Sulfonamides ivura indwara zitandukanye ziterwa na bagiteri mu mubiri wawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kuyikwandikira iyo indi miti yica mikorobe idakwiriye cyangwa iyo bagiteri ziteza indwara yawe zisubiza neza kuri sulfonamides.

Dore indwara nyamukuru sulfonamides ifasha kuvura, dutangiriye ku zisanzwe:

• Uburwayi bw'inzira y'inkari (UTIs), harimo indwara z'umuyoboro w'inkari n'iz'impyiko
• Indwara z'ubuhumekero nka bronchitis na zimwe mu bwoko bwa pneumoniya
• Indwara z'uruhu n'imitsi yoroshye
• Indwara z'amatwi zititabira izindi antibiyotike
• Impiswi ziterwa n'abagendanyi ziterwa na mikorobe zimwe na zimwe
• Gukumira pneumoniya ya Pneumocystis ku bantu bafite uburwayi bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza

Mu bindi bihe, abaganga bashobora no kwandika sulfonamides ku ndwara zitamenyerewe cyane nka nocardiosis cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na parasite. Umuganga wawe azagena niba sulfonamides ari wo muti ukwiriye hashingiwe ku ndwara yawe yihariye n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

Sulfonamide ikora ite?

Sulfonamides zifatwa nk'antibiyotike zikomeye zikora zihagarika uburyo mikorobe zikora poroteyine z'ingenzi. Ni icyo abaganga bita "bacteriostatic," bisobanura ko zihagarika mikorobe gukura aho kuzica mu buryo butaziguye.

Iyo ufata sulfonamide, igenda mu maraso yawe ikagera aho indwara iri. Uwo muti uhita uvangira ubushobozi bwa mikorobe bwo gukora aside ya folike, ikenewe kugira ngo ikore DNA kandi yororoke. Hatabayeho iyo ntungamubiri y'ingenzi, mikorobe ntizishobora kwororoka, kandi umubiri wawe urwanya indwara ushobora gukuraho indwara iriho.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bufata iminsi myinshi kugira ngo bwerekane ingaruka zose. Ushobora gutangira kumva umeze neza mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48, ariko umuti ukomeza gukora kugira ngo wemeze ko mikorobe zose zivanyweho. Ubufatanye bwa sulfamethoxazole na trimethoprim bukora ku ngingo ebyiri zitandukanye mu gukora aside ya folike ya mikorobe, bigatuma mikorobe igorana kwigiriza.

Nkwiriye gufata sulfonamide nte?

Fata sulfonamides nk'uko umuganga wawe yabikwandikiye, akenshi buri masaha 12 hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi. Ushobora gufata uyu muti hamwe cyangwa utaranye n'ibiryo, ariko kuwufata hamwe n'ibiryo bishobora gufasha kugabanya kuribwa mu gifu niba hari icyo ubonye.

Nywa amazi menshi umunsi wose igihe urimo gufata imiti ya sulfonamides - gerageza kunywa nibura ibirahure 8 ku munsi. Ibi bifasha kwirinda amabuye yo mu mpyiko, ashobora kuboneka rimwe na rimwe iyo ufata iyi miti. Amazi menshi kandi afasha umubiri wawe gutunganya imiti neza.

Gerageza gufata imiti yawe ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugirango ugumane urugero rwawo mu mubiri wawe. Niba uyifata kabiri ku munsi, gutandukanya imiti mu masaha 12 birakora neza. Gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone birashobora kugufasha kuguma ku murongo.

Ntugasenye, utonde cyangwa umenagure ibinini keretse muganga wawe akubwiye. Ubimire byose hamwe n'amazi. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, ganira na farumasiye yawe kubijyanye n'imiti ifite ishusho y'amazi ishobora kuboneka.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Iki Ndafata Sulfonamide?

Imiti myinshi ya sulfonamide imara hagati y'iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 14, bitewe n'ubwoko n'uburemere bw'ubwandu bwawe. Muganga wawe azaguha igihe runaka gishingiye ku cyo barimo kuvura n'uko umubiri wawe witwara.

Kubwandu bworoshye bwo mu nzira y'inkari, ushobora gukenera iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 yo kuvurwa. Ubwandu bukomeye nka nyumoniya cyangwa ubwandu bukomeye bw'uruhu bushobora gusaba iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 14. Abantu bamwe bafite uburwayi bw'umubiri bushobora gukenera kuvurwa igihe kirekire cyangwa no gufata sulfonamides igihe kirekire kugirango birinde.

Ni ngombwa kurangiza imiti yose ya antibiyotike, nubwo wumva umeze neza nyuma y'iminsi mike. Guhagarika kare bishobora korohereza bagiteri zisigaye kwiyongera, bishobora gutuma ubwandu bwawe bugaruka bukomeye kurusha mbere. Ibi kandi bishobora gutuma antibiyotike irwanya, bigatuma ubwandu bw'ahazaza bugorana kuvura.

Niba utumva umeze neza nyuma y'iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 yo kuvurwa, vugana na muganga wawe. Bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero rwawe cyangwa guhindurira kuri antibiyotike itandukanye ishingiye ku ngaruka z'umuco cyangwa uko witwara ku miti.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Ziterwa na Sulfonamide?

Abantu benshi boroherwa na sulfonamides, ariko nk'imiti yose, irashobora gutera ingaruka zidakunda. Kumva icyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere ku buvuzi bwawe kandi ukamenya igihe cyo kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ni izoroheje kandi akenshi zinoza uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti:

• Urugimbu cyangwa inda itameze neza
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Impiswi zoroheje
• Umutwe
• Urugero
• Kunanirwa cyangwa umunaniro

Izi ngaruka akenshi zikemuka mu minsi mike kandi ntizisaba guhagarika umuti. Gufata umuti wawe hamwe n'ibiryo birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zidakunda zijyanye n'inda.

Abantu bamwe bahura n'ingaruka zidakunda zikwiye kwitabwaho kwa muganga. Vugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso byose muri ibi:

• Impiswi zikabije cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura C. difficile
• Uruhu rurashya, imyatsi, cyangwa gukomeretsa bidasanzwe
• Urubavu, kubabara mu muhogo, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura
• Gusohoka amaraso bidasanzwe cyangwa gukomeretsa byoroshye
• Uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo
• Inkari z'umukara cyangwa imyanda y'umweru
• Umutwe uhoraho cyangwa umugongo w'ijosi

Gahoro, sulfonamides irashobora gutera ibimenyetso bikabije byo kwanga cyangwa bikagira ingaruka ku ngirangingo z'amaraso, imikorere y'umwijima, cyangwa imikorere y'impyiko. Nubwo izi ngorane zitamenyerewe, muganga wawe azagukurikiranira ibimenyetso byose by'izi ngorane, cyane cyane niba ufata umuti igihe kirekire.

Ninde utagomba gufata Sulfonamide?

Sulfonamides ntizifite umutekano kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe mbere yo kuyandika. Itsinda ryinshi ry'abantu ntigomba gukoresha iyi miti cyangwa kuyikoresha witonze cyane.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata sulfonamides niba ufite allergie izwi ku miti ya sulfa. Ibi birimo ibisubizo byabanje ku ntanga za sulfonamide, imiti imwe yo gukuramo amazi, cyangwa imiti ya diyabete irimo ibice bya sulfa. Nubwo ibimenyetso byoroheje byo kwanga bishobora kuba bikabije hamwe no guhura kenshi.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’ubuvuzi bakeneye kwitabwaho by’umwihariko mbere yo gufata sulfonamides:

• Indwara zikomeye z’impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Indwara z’amaraso nka anemie cyangwa umubare muto w’uturemangingo twera tw’amaraso
• G6PD deficiency (kubura kwa enzyme ya genetique)
• Porphyria (itsinda ry’indwara z’amaraso zidakunze kuboneka)
• Asima ikomeye cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Indwara za tiroyide

Abagore batwite, cyane cyane mu gihembwe cya gatatu, n'ababyeyi bonka, akenshi ntibagomba gufata sulfonamides. Umuti ushobora kwambuka placenta ukajya mu mata y'ibere, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana. Muganga wawe azatekereza izindi nzira zifite umutekano kurushaho niba utwite cyangwa wonka.

Abana bato bari munsi y'amezi 2 ntibagomba guhabwa sulfonamides kuko umwijima n'impyiko zabo zitari zikungahaye bihagije kugirango bakoreshe umuti mu buryo bwizewe. Abarwayi bakuze bashobora gukenera imiti mike cyangwa gukurikiranwa kenshi bitewe n'imihindagurikire y'imikorere y'impyiko ijyanye n'imyaka.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Sulfonamide

Sulfonamides ziboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, ayo akaba ari ibicuruzwa bisanzwe birimo sulfamethoxazole na trimethoprim. Ushobora kubona iyi miti yanditswe munsi y'amazina atandukanye muri farumasi yawe.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwamenyekanye cyane arimo Bactrim na Septra, byombi bikubiyemo ibintu bikora kimwe mu gipimo kimwe. Ingero rusange ziraboneka kandi zikora neza nk'ubwoko bw'amazina, akenshi ku giciro gito.

Andi mazina y'ubwoko ushobora guhura nayo arimo Bactrim DS (imbaraga ebyiri), Septra DS, na Sulfatrim. Inyito ya "DS" isobanura ko ibi binini bikubiyemo umubare w'ibintu bikora inshuro ebyiri kuruta ingero zisanzwe, bikakwemerera gufata imiti mike kumunsi.

Umuvuzi wawe wa farumasi ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo urimo kwakira kandi akemeza ko ufata urugero rukwiye. Ubwoko bwose burimo ibintu bikora kimwe kandi bikora kimwe mumubiri wawe.

Izindi nzira za Sulfonamide

Niba sulfonamides zitagukwiriye cyangwa zitavura neza icyorezo cyawe, muganga wawe afite izindi antibiotics nyinshi ashobora guhitamo. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bwa bagiteri butera icyorezo cyawe n'ubuzima bwawe bwite.

Ku ndwara z'inkari, izindi antibiotics zisanzwe zikoreshwa harimo nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), cyangwa amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin). Izi miti zikora mu buryo butandukanye na sulfonamides ariko zishobora kugira akamaro kamwe na bagiteri itera indwara z'inkari.

Ku ndwara z'ubuhumekero, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba amoxicillin, azithromycin (Z-pack), cyangwa doxycycline. Izi antibiotics zikora ku bagiteri zikunze gutera bronchitis na pneumonia, akenshi zifite ingaruka nke kurusha sulfonamides.

Niba ufite allergie ya sulfa, muganga wawe azahitamo neza izindi miti zitagira sulfonamide. Bazanatekereza ku zindi allergie z'imiti ufite hanyuma bahitemo uburyo bwiza kandi bufite akamaro ku cyorezo cyawe.

Ese Sulfonamide iruta Amoxicillin?

Nta sulfonamide cyangwa amoxicillin iruta izindi - zombi ni antibiotics zifite akamaro zikora neza ku bwoko butandukanye bw'indwara. Guhitamo hagati yazo biterwa na bagiteri itera icyorezo cyawe n'ubuzima bwawe bwite.

Sulfonamides ikora neza mu kuvura indwara z'inkari n'indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ubuhumekero, cyane cyane iyo ziterwa na bagiteri nka E. coli cyangwa Pneumocystis. Zifite kandi akamaro ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe z'uruhu na diyare y'abagenzi. Ubufatanye bwa sulfamethoxazole na trimethoprim butuma bagiteri itagira ubushobozi bwo kwirinda.

Amoxicillin ikora neza ku gihaha, indwara zo mu matwi, n'ubwoko bumwe bwa nyumoniya. Muri rusange ni umutekano ku bagore batwite n'abana, kandi itera ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bike ugereranije na sulfonamides. Ariko, mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zateje imbere ubudahangarwa kuri amoxicillin, bituma itagira akamaro ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe.

Muganga wawe azahitamo umuti wica mikorobe ushobora gukiza indwara yawe yihariye hashingiwe ku bintu nk'agakoko gakekwa, amateka yawe y'uburwayi, n'imiterere y'ubudahangarwa bwaho. Rimwe na rimwe bashobora no guhindura umuti umwe bakawushyira ku wundi niba uwa mbere utagize icyo ukora nk'uko byari byitezwe.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Ku Bya Sulfonamide

Ese Sulfonamide ni umutekano ku ndwara z'impyiko?

Sulfonamides bisaba kwitonderwa niba ufite indwara z'impyiko, kuko impyiko zawe zitunganya kandi zikavana uyu muti mu mubiri wawe. Abantu bafite ibibazo byoroheje by'impyiko mubisanzwe bashobora gufata sulfonamides mu buryo butekanye, ariko bashobora gukenera doze zihinduka cyangwa gukurikiranwa kenshi.

Niba ufite indwara y'impyiko yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo umuti wica mikorobe utandukanye cyangwa agabanye cyane doze yawe ya sulfonamide. Bazanakurikirana imikorere y'impyiko zawe cyane mugihe urimo gufata umuti. Ntukigere uhindura doze yawe wenyine - buri gihe ukurikize amabwiriza yihariye ya muganga wawe.

Kora neza kubwira muganga wawe ibibazo byose by'impyiko wigeze kugira mbere, kabone niyo bisa nk'ibito. Bazakora ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango barebe imikorere y'impyiko zawe mbere yo kwandika sulfonamides kandi bashobora gusubiramo ibi bizamini mugihe cy'imiti.

Nigira iki niba nifashishije sulfonamide nyinshi nk'uko byari biteganijwe?

Niba uteye sulfonamide nyinshi kuruta uko byateganijwe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya, kabone niyo wumva umeze neza. Gufata nyinshi cyane bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zirimo isesemi, kuruka, isereri, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, ibibazo by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe cyangwa impyiko.

Ntugerageze "gukemura" ikibazo cyo kunywa imiti irenze urugero wirinda gufata urundi rugero cyangwa ukagabanya imiti mu gihe kizaza. Ibi bishobora guhungabanya urugero rwa antibiyotike mu mubiri wawe kandi bigatuma indwara yawe ivurwa nabi. Ahubwo, hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya kugira ngo akuyobore icyo ugomba gukora.

Niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso bikomeye nk'ingorane zo guhumeka, isesemi ikabije no kuruka, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri, shakisha ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya. Bika urupapuro rw'imiti hamwe nawe kugira ngo abaganga babone neza icyo wafashe n'ingano yacyo.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije gufata urugero rwa Sulfonamide?

Niba wirengagije gufata urugero rwa sulfonamide, uyifate uko ubibutse, keretse igihe cyo gufata urugero rukurikira kigeze. Muri icyo gihe, reka urugero wirengagije kandi ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gufata imiti. Ntukigere ufata urugero rurenze rumwe icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbuze urugero wirengagije.

Niba wirengagiza gufata imiti kenshi, antibiyotike ntishobora gukora neza kugira ngo ivure indwara yawe. Tekereza gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone cyangwa ukoreshe umuteguro w'imiti kugira ngo bigufashe kuguma ku murongo. Guhora ufata imiti ni ngombwa kugira ngo ugumane urugero rukwiye rw'umuti mu mubiri wawe.

Niba warengagije gufata imiti myinshi cyangwa wibagiwe gufata imiti umunsi wose, vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akuyobore. Bashobora gukenera guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura cyangwa kongera igihe cyo gufata antibiyotike yawe kugira ngo barebe neza ko indwara yawe ivurwa neza.

Nshobora kureka gufata Sulfonamide ryari?

Reka gufata sulfonamide gusa iyo urangije gahunda yose yategetswe na muganga wawe, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose. Guhagarika antibiyotike hakiri kare ni kimwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma indwara zigaruka zikomeye kandi bagiteri zigakura ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiti.

Muganga wawe yabaze igihe nyacyo gikenewe kugira ngo akureho mikorobe zose zateye uburwayi bwawe. N'iyo ibimenyetso bishize, hariho mikorobe zishobora kuba zigihari mu mubiri wawe. Izo mikorobe zisigaye zishobora kongera kwiyongera niba uhagaritse imiti kare, bishobora gutera uburwayi bukomeye.

Niba urimo guhura n'ingaruka zikubangamiye kandi ushaka guhagarika imiti, banza uvugane na muganga wawe. Ashobora kugufasha gupima akamaro ko gukomeza kuvurwa n'ingaruka urimo guhura nazo. Rimwe na rimwe ashobora kugusaba imiti yongera kugufasha gucunga ingaruka mu gihe urangiza umuti wawe wa antibiyotike.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba mfata Sulfonamide?

Muri rusange ni byiza kwirinda inzoga mu gihe ufata sulfonamides, nubwo uduce duto tudashobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye. Inzoga irashobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka nk'isuka, kuruka, no kuribwa, kandi irashobora kubangamira ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya uburwayi.

Inzoga irashobora kandi gushyira igitutu cyongereye ku mwijima wawe, usanzwe ukora kugira ngo utunganye antibiyotike. Niba ufite ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa ufata indi miti, guhuza inzoga na sulfonamides birushaho kuba ibyago.

Niba uhisemo kunywa inzoga, wikwiriza uduce duto kandi witondere uko wumva. Hagarika kunywa kandi uvugane na muganga wawe niba uhuye n'isuka yiyongereye, kuruka, kubabara umutwe, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bibangamiye. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zawo zose zo kurwanya uburwayi, bityo kwirinda inzoga rwose mu gihe urwaye akenshi ni amahitamo y'ubwenge.