Tacrine ni iki: Ibikoresho, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Tacrine ni umuti wigeze gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko ntukiboneka mu bihugu byinshi kubera ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mwijima. Uyu muti wari ugamije gufasha kunoza urwibutso n'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku bantu barwaye ubumuga bwo mu mutwe binyuze mu kubuza enzyme isenya acetylcholine, imisemburo yo mu bwonko ifite akamaro mu kwibuka.

Nubwo tacrine yakoze amateka nk'umuti wa mbere wemewe na FDA wo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer mu 1993, abaganga bavumbuye ko ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mwijima. Ibihugu byinshi kuva icyo gihe byarayikuye ku isoko, kandi hariho izindi nzira zitunganye zo kuvura ibimenyetso by'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.

Tacrine ni iki?

Tacrine yerekanwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa cholinesterase inhibitors. Ikora ibyo ikumira isenyuka rya acetylcholine, neurotransmitter ifasha selile z'imitsi guhanahana amakuru hagati yazo mu bwonko.

Uyu muti wabanje gukorwa kugira ngo ufashishe kugabanya umuvuduko wo gutakaza urwibutso no kuvurungana ku barwayi ba Alzheimer. Ariko, ikoreshwa ryayo ryagabanutse kubera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano, cyane cyane ibyago byo mu mwijima bishobora guteza akaga.

Tacrine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Tacrine yandikirwaga cyane cyane indwara ya Alzheimer yoroheje kugeza hagati. Abaganga bayikoreshaga kugira ngo bafashe abarwayi gukomeza ubushobozi bwabo bwo kumenya igihe kirekire kandi bashobore kugabanya kugabanuka mu mikorere ya buri munsi.

Uyu muti rimwe na rimwe watekerezwaga no ku zindi ndwara z'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, nubwo ibyo byari bike. Birakwiye kumenya ko tacrine idakiza indwara ya Alzheimer cyangwa ngo ihagarike burundu iterambere ryayo - yatanze gusa ubufasha bw'igihe gito ku bimenyetso ku barwayi bamwe.

Tacrine ikora ite?

Tacrine ikora ibyo ikumira enzyme yitwa acetylcholinesterase mu bwonko bwawe. Iyi enzyme isanzwe isenya acetylcholine, intumwa ya chimique ifite akamaro mu kwibuka no kwiga.

Mu kurinda iri yangirika, tacrine ifasha gukomeza urwego rwo hejuru rwa acetylcholine mu bwonko. Ibi birashobora gufasha by'agateganyo imibanire hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi, bishobora gufasha mu kwibuka, kwitondera, n'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Ariko, tacrine ifatwa nk'umuti woroshye ugereranije n'imiti mishya ivura indwara zo mu mutwe, kandi ingaruka zayo ni nto cyane.

Nkwiriye gufata tacrine nte?

Iyo tacrine yaba igihari, ubusanzwe yafatwaga mu kanwa incuro enye ku munsi, akenshi hagati y'amafunguro. Kuyifata ku gifu cyambaye ubusa bifasha umubiri wawe kwinjiza neza umuti.

Umuti wagombaga gutangirwa ku gipimo gito hanyuma ukazamurwa buhoro buhoro mu byumweru byinshi. Iyi mikorere itinda ifasha kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti, cyane cyane isesemi no kuruka. Ibizamini by'amaraso bya buri gihe byari ngombwa kugenzura imikorere y'umwijima, kuko kwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora kubaho nta bimenyetso bigaragara.

Nkwiriye gufata tacrine igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo kuvura na tacrine cyaterwaga n'uburyo wabyakiriyeho umuti n'niba ugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Abarwayi bamwe bashobora kubona inyungu mu byumweru bike, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera amezi menshi kugira ngo babone impinduka.

Ubuvuzi bwakomeje igihe cyose inyungu ziruta ibyago. Ariko, kugenzura buri gihe ibibazo by'umwijima byari ngombwa, kandi umuti wagombaga guhagarikwa ako kanya niba urwego rw'imyunyu y'umwijima ruzamutse.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na tacrine?

Tacrine ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi, kuva ku zoroshye kugeza ku zikomeye. Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukwangirika kw'umwijima, bishobora gutera urupfu kandi akaba ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru uyu muti wavanywe ku isoko ryinshi.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo:

• Isesemi no kuruka
• Impiswi
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Urubavu rw'inda
• Umuvundo
• Umutwe
• Kunanirwa

Ingaruka zikomeye zigomba kwitabwaho ako kanya zirimo:

• Uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo (umuvumo)
• Inkari z'umukara
• Urubavu rukabije
• Umunaniro udasanzwe cyangwa intege nke
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya bimara iminsi myinshi
• Umutima utera gahoro
• Kugorwa no guhumeka

Ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kwerekana ko umwijima wangiritse cyangwa izindi ngorane zishobora guteza akaga zikeneye ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Ninde utagomba gufata Tacrine?

Amatsinda atandukanye y'abantu agomba kwirinda tacrine kubera kwiyongera kw'ibibazo bikomeye. Umuntu wese ufite indwara y'umwijima cyangwa amateka y'ibibazo by'umwijima ntakagombye gufata uyu muti.

Izindi ngorane zituma tacrine idakwiriye zirimo:

• Indwara y'umwijima ikora cyangwa imyunyu y'umwijima yazamutse
• Ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima cyangwa umutima utera nabi
• Ibibazo by'igifu bikora
• Asima ikomeye cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Kubangamirwa kw'inkari
• Indwara zo gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo

Abagore batwite kandi bonka bagomba kandi kwirinda tacrine, kuko ingaruka zayo ku bana bakiri bato ntizisobanukiwe neza.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Tacrine

Tacrine yabanje gucuruzwa ku izina rya Cognex muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iri niryo zina ryibanze ryakoreshwaga igihe uyu muti wari ukiboneka.

Ariko, kuva tacrine yakurwa ku masoko menshi kubera impungenge z'umutekano, aya mazina y'ubwoko ntakigaragara. Niba ushaka kuvura uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba izindi nzira nshya kandi zifite umutekano.

Izindi nzira zishobora gusimbura Tacrine

Izindi nzira zifite umutekano kandi zikora neza zisimbura tacrine ubu ziraboneka mu kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Iyi miti mishya ifite umutekano mwinshi kandi muri rusange ikora neza.

Izindi nzira zikoreshwa ubu zirimo:

• Donepezil (Aricept) - na none ni umuti wica cholinesterase ariko ufite umutekano mwinshi
• Rivastigmine (Exelon) - iboneka mu muti w'ibinini cyangwa mu dupapuro
• Galantamine (Razadyne) - undi muti wica cholinesterase
• Memantine (Namenda) - ikora mu buryo butandukanye ikingira imitsi ya NMDA
• Aducanumab (Aduhelm) - uburyo bushya, butavugwaho rumwe

Izi nzira zihitwamo kuko zitera ingaruka zikomeye kandi ntizigira ibyago byo kwangiza umwijima byatumye tacrine iba mbi.

Ese Tacrine iruta Donepezil?

Donepezil muri rusange ifatwa nk'iyisumbuye kuri tacrine mu buryo bwose. Nubwo imiti yombi ikora mu buryo bumwe, donepezil ifite umutekano mwinshi kandi biroroshye kuyifata.

Donepezil ikeneye gufatwa rimwe gusa ku munsi, ugereranije na tacrine ifatwa inshuro enye ku munsi. Ikindi cy'ingenzi, donepezil ntigira ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mwijima byatumye tacrine iba mbi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko donepezil byibuze ifite akamaro nk'aka tacrine mu kuvura ibimenyetso bya Alzheimer, niba atari byinshi.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Tacrine

Q1. Ese Tacrine ifite umutekano ku ndwara z'umutima?

Tacrine irashobora kugora abantu bafite indwara z'umutima kuko ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'umutima kandi ikaba yongera ibibazo by'umutima. Niba ufite ibibazo by'umutima, tacrine irashobora gutuma umutima wawe utera gahoro cyangwa mu buryo butari bwo.

Uyu muti urashobora kandi kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, bishobora kuba bibi niba usanzwe ufite ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso. Iyi ni indi mpamvu ituma abaganga ubu bahitamo izindi nzira zifite umutekano nk'uko donepezil ikoreshwa ku barwayi bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n'indwara z'umutima.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nifashishije tacrine nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba ucyeka ko wanyoye tacrine nyinshi, genda vuba na bwangu kwa muganga. Ibimenyetso byo kunywa umuti mwinshi birimo isesemi ikabije, kuruka, kubira ibyuya birenze urugero, umuvuduko w'umutima utinda, umuvuduko w'amaraso muke, no guhumeka bigoranye.

Kurenza umuti bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye, cyane cyane bitewe n'uko tacrine ishobora kwangiza umwijima. Ntukagerageze kuvura kurenza umuti uri mu rugo - hamagara serivisi zihutirwa cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cyihutirwa cyegereye ako kanya.

Q3. Nagomba gukora iki niba nirengagije doze ya Tacrine?

Niba wibagiwe gufata doze ya tacrine, yifate uko wibuka, keretse igihe cyegereye doze yawe ikurikira. Muri icyo gihe, renga doze wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntuzigere ufata doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usubize doze wibagiwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa doze, tekereza gukoresha umuteguro w'ibinyobwa cyangwa gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone.

Q4. Nshobora kureka gufata Tacrine ryari?

Ugomba kureka gufata tacrine ari uko ubisabwe na muganga wawe. Umuti ugomba guhagarikwa ako kanya niba ugaragayeho ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima, nk'uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo, inkari z'umukara, cyangwa kubabara cyane mu nda.

Muganga wawe azagusaba guhagarika niba umuti utagufasha mu bimenyetso byawe cyangwa niba ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti zikabije. Ibizamini by'amaraso bisanzwe ni ngombwa kugenzura kwangirika kw'umwijima, kandi ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini bizafasha kumenya igihe cyo guhagarika umuti.

Q5. Tacrine ishobora gufatwa hamwe n'indi miti?

Tacrine irashobora guhura n'indi miti myinshi, ishobora gutera ingaruka ziteje akaga. Birashoboka cyane guhuza tacrine n'indi miti igira ingaruka ku mwijima, umutima, cyangwa sisitemu y'imitsi.

Buri gihe menyesha muganga wawe ku miti yose, ibyongerwaho, n'imiti y'ibimera ufata mbere yo gutangira gufata tacrine. Ubwo buhuza bumwe bushobora kuba bukomeye, harimo kongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw'umwijima cyangwa impinduka ziteje akaga mu mutima.